The role of affective teacher–student relationships in bullying and peer victimization: A multilevel meta-analysis

This meta-analysis synthesizes evidence about the associations of affective teacher–student relationships with bullying perpetration and peer victimization. A systematic database search resulted in 65 primary studies (k) that met the inclusion criteria. The final sample included 185,881 students from preschool to high school. Separate multilevel analyses were conducted for bullying perpetration (k = 25, N = 97,627) and peer victimization (k = 57, N = 151,653). Results showed small to medium, negative overall correlations between teacher-student relationship quality and both bullying perpetration (r = −.17, 95% CI [−.21, −.14]) and peer victimization (r = −.14, 95% CI [−.17, −.11]). Teacher-student relationship quality was also related to less subsequent peer victimization (b = −0.05, 95% CI [−0.08, −0.02]). Associations between teacher-student relationship quality and bullying were stronger for ethnic minority students and when the same informant reported about both variables. Associations with peer victimization were stronger for negative (e.g., conflict) than for positive (e.g., closeness) relationship indicators and when the same informant was used for both variables. Generally, findings demonstrate that higher-quality teacher-student relationships are related to less bullying perpetration and less peer victimization. Hence, promoting positive and minimizing negative teacher-student relationships may help to tackle school-based bullying and peer victimization

Real-world Outcomes of Sequential Androgen-receptor Targeting Therapies with or Without Interposed Life-prolonging Drugs in Metastatic Castration-resistant Prostate Cancer

_Background:_ Cross resistance between androgen-receptor targeting therapies(ARTs) (abiraterone acetate plus prednisone [ABI + P] or enzalutamide [ENZ]) fortreatment of metastatic castration-resistant prostate cancer (mCRPC) may affectresponses to second ART (ART2). _Objective:_ To establish treatment duration and prostate-specific antigen (PSA)response of ART2 in real-world mCRPC patients treated with or without otherlife-prolonging drugs (LPDs; ie, docetaxel, cabazitaxel, or radium-223) betweenART1 and ART2. _Design, setting, and participants:_ Castration-resistant prostate cancer patients,diagnosed between 2010 and 2016 were retrospectively registered in Castra-tion-resistant Prostate Cancer Registry (CAPRI). Patients treated with both ARTswere clustered into two subgroups: ART1 > ART2 or ART1 > LPD > ART2

Second-Line Cabazitaxel Treatment in Castration-Resistant Prostate Cancer Clinical Trials Compared to Standard of Care in CAPRI: Observational Study in the Netherlands

Contains fulltext : 208916.pdf (publisher's version ) (Closed access)BACKGROUND: Cabazitaxel has been shown to improve overall survival (OS) in metastatic castration-resistant prostate cancer (mCRPC) patients after docetaxel in the TROPIC trial. However, trial populations may not reflect the real-world population. We compared patient characteristics and outcomes of cabazitaxel within and outside trials (standard of care, SOC). PATIENTS AND METHODS: mCRPC patients treated with cabazitaxel directly after docetaxel therapy before 2017 were retrospectively identified and followed to 2018. Patients were grouped on the basis of treatment within a trial or SOC. Outcomes included OS and prostate-specific antigen (PSA) response. RESULTS: From 3616 patients in the CAPRI registry, we identified 356 patients treated with cabazitaxel, with 173 patients treated in the second line. Trial patients had favorable prognostic factors: fewer symptoms, less visceral disease, lower lactate dehydrogenase, higher hemoglobin, more docetaxel cycles, and longer treatment-free interval since docetaxel therapy. PSA response (>/= 50% decline) was 28 versus 12%, respectively (P = .209). Median OS was 13.6 versus 9.6 months for trial and SOC subgroups, respectively (hazard ratio = 0.73, P = .067). After correction for prognostic factors, there was no difference in survival (hazard ratio = 1.00, P = .999). Longer duration of androgen deprivation therapy treatment, lower lactate dehydrogenase, and lower PSA were associated with longer OS; visceral disease had a trend for shorter OS. CONCLUSION: Patients treated with cabazitaxel in trials were fitter and showed outcomes comparable to registration trials. Conversely, those treated in daily practice showed features of more aggressive disease and worse outcome. This underlines the importance of adequate estimation of trial eligibility and health status of mCRPC patients in daily practice to ensure optimal outcomes