Analisis Pasca Bencana Tsunami Ciamis - Cilacap

Earthquake with magnitude 7,7 on the Richter scale happened on 17 July 2006 in Indian Ocean, south of Ciamis District at 10 kilometer depth. The earthquake has generated tsunami and causing disaster in the coastal areas of Ciamis – Cilacap.More than 500 people died and hundred of buildings were damage. Field investigations showed that inundation along the affected coastal areas of Ciamis – Cilacap depend on the coastal morphology. In the areas with sand ridges the inundation distance were reduced significantly for example only about 150 meter in Widarapayung compared to 500 meter to 1 kilometer in Pangandaran. Damage to buldings depend on the building constructions. Wooden buildings were easily swept away by the tsunami waves. Concrete buildings without reinforced were heavily or completely damage compared to more withstand reinforced concrete buildings

Kadar Airtanah Pemicu Longsor Desa Girimekar Kabupaten Bandung Provinsi Jawa Barat

Bencana longsor makin sering terjadi di Indonesia dan telah banyak menyebabkan korban jiwa, kehilangan harta benda dan kerugian ekonomi. Di Kampung Legokhayam, Desa Girimekar, Kabupaten Bandung, Jawa Barat longsor terjadi pada 21 Maret 2010 menghancurkan 9 rumah dan 9 rumah lainnya rusak. Longsor tersebut dikontrol oleh faktor geologi – litologi dan kemiringan lereng dan terjadi dipicu oleh curah hujan.Tipe longsor adalah translasional dan sebagian kecil rotasional. Kadar airtanah diteliti untuk mengetahui ambang batas untuk longsor. Sampel tanah undisturbed dari lokasi BH 01 dan BH 02 diambil dan dianalisa di laboratorium untuk parameter index properties dan engineering properties. Analisis kestabilan lereng juga dilakukan dan disimulasikan untuk mengetahui kadar airtanah kritis untuk longsor. Hasilnya menunjukkan bahwa faktor keamanan lereng di BH 01 adalah 0,832 dan di BH 02 adalah 0.962. Nilai kritis airtanah untuk longsor adalah 90% untuk lapisan atas dan 76% untuk lapisan bawah di BH 01 dan 82% untuk lapisan bawah di BH 02. Longsor akan terjadi bila kandungan airtanah melebihi nilai tersebut. Nilai tersebut dapat digunakan untuk sistem peringatan dini longsor

Pengkajian Kerentanan Fisik Untuk Pengembangan Pesisir Wilayah Kota Makassar

Coastal Vulnerability Index (CVI) was used to analyse the physical vulnerability to coastal disaster of the coastal areas of Makassar City. CVI will consider six variables namely geology, geomorphology, erosion and accretion, tidal range, average wave height and elevation. Geologically, coastal areas of Makassar comprise sand, gravel, clay and coral limestone. Geomorphologically, alluvial plain, sandy to gravelly beaches are predominant in the coastal areas. Both erosion and accretion occurred in the coastal areas in which accretion predominantly found in the southern part whereas erosion in the northern part of the city. Using DigitalElevation Model it can be observed that the elevation of the coastal areas of Makassar City is between 0 – 0.5 meter which is very vulnerable to sea level rise. Average tidal range was between 1.1 to 2 meter and wave height between 0 to 2.9 meter. CVI analyses showed that the coastal areas of Makassar City is vulnerable to sea level rise and hence to the coastal disaster. In addition, according to the analyses, Wajo, Biringkanaya and Tamalanrea districts are very vulnerable to sealevel rise and coastal disaster. Coastal development planning in these veryvulnerable areas will need special attention and specific measures

Analisis Pembangunan Rendah Karbon Studi Kasus Propinsi Lampung

The increasing trend of CO2 emission globally, has been creating climate change in some areas in the world. The impact of climate change could cause disaster for human life such as drought and flood, health deseases, etc. Currently many programs and schemes are introduced to reduce CO2 emission. The low carbon development is one of those programs which is the economic development has to take into acount the CO2 emission reduction. This study found 90 % of the CO2 emision came from forestry sector, especially deforestation and fires. The recent CO2 emission was 70,3 MtCO2e in 2005 and estimated 79 MtCO2e in 2020, then finally will be 93,5 MtCO2e. Therefore mitigation actions should be focused on the forestry sector, these are reforestation & afforestation, REDD, mangrove rehabilitation, agroforestry development, and fire protection. These action programs potentially could reduce the CO2 emission as high as 76,8% in 2030

Sediment and Suspended Particulate Matter of Jakarta Bay, Indonesia

Jakarta Bay is a semi enclosed bay located in the northern coast of Jakarta Metropolitan City. Hydrologically 13 rivers flowing in the Jakarta region and there are three big rivers with significant discharge to the Jakarta Bay namely Citarum, Ciliwung, and Cisadane Rivers. Jakarta, as Indonesian capital city with population of 8.725.630 inhabitants, and another 15 million people live in the surrounded suburban of Jakarta, creates a significant anthropogenic impact to the environmental system. Limited infrastructures, such as no sewerage system and lack of industrial waste management, cause the rivers in this region have over their carrying capacity.Seventeen sampling stations were determined in the Jakarta Bay, consisting of 5 stations at the river mouths (estuaries) and other 12 stations in the bay spreading from the coastal to offshore areas. Water and sediment samples were taken during 2 monsoonal or seasonal variations, August 2006 for dry season and February 2007 for rainy season respectively. Additionally, samples were also taken in May 2007.Sediment distribution in the estuary consists mostly of black clay. The sediments clays were bad smell. In the coastal region and in the dry season, the sediments consists of black clay and at one sampling site (station S3) the sediment was bad smell. However, all sampling sites became bad smell in the rainy season. In the inner bay area, sediments were greyish green sandy clay with some shell fragments. In the outer bay, the sediments were dominated by greyish green clayey sand with some shell fragments. The black clay with bad smell is indicative of anthropogenic influence from Jakarta River Basin. C/N ratio of the sediments in the dry season ranged from 1 to about 4.2 where in the estuaries (at stations M1, M2 and M4) the ratio were higher compared to the inner and outer bays. The C/N ratio of suspended particulate matter ranged from the lowest ratio of 0.7 to the highest ratio of 17.7 at the bottom layer and lesser ranged of 0.7 to 9.8 at surface layer. POC concentrations ranged between 50-650 µM and 50-900 µM, in February and May, respectively. High concentrations of POC exists along the coastline or estuaries then decreasing toward the sea. POC is distributed widely in February than that in May due to higher discharge from the rivers. The average TOC concentrations in February is lower than that in May, but the TOC load in February was much higher than that in May due to the big differences of river discharge and because the samples were taken a week after the big flood in Jakarta area (February 4th - 6th, 2007). Total organic carbon fluxes from the river to the bay in February and May 2007 were 107.6 T /day C and 42.7 T /day C, respectively

Geologi Lingkungan Estuaria

Estuaria adalah daerah perairan di pesisir yang semi tertutup terhadap laut tapi masih mempunyai akses ke laut, daerahnya meluas sampai ke daerah sungai, terpengaruh pasang surut, dan di daerah ini air laut tercampur dengan air tawar yang berasal dari sungai-sungai di daratan secara signifikan. Pemahaman tentang pentingnya masalah lingkungan, legislasi dan peraturan-peraturan semakin. besar pada saat ini sehingga estuaria diklasifikasikan juga berdasarkan aspek konservasi, sosial ekonomi dan hukum. Perkembangan dan dinamika estuaria dipengaruhi oleh beberapa faktor yaitu geomorfologi awal pembentukannya, material pembentuk barrier, masukan sedimen ke estuaria, tektonik, pasang surut dan iklim. Estuaria yang terisi sedimen terus menerus secara positif akan berubah menjadi daerah limpah banjir. Berdasarkan pengisian sedimen, perkembangan estuaria dapat disebut sebagai tingkat kematangan muda, pertengahan, setengah dewasa dan dewasa