Effect of sildenafil citrate on prediabetic and diabetic albino rats treated with metformin

Diabetes Miletus (DM) is a global epidemic disease. It is estimated that there are already 415 million adults aged 20–79 years diabetics worldwide. Sildenafil citrate is a phosphodiesterase type 5 (PDE5) inhibitor, which increases cyclic guanosine monophosphate (cGMP) and metformin (MET) is a biguanide used for the treatment of type 2 diabetes which increases peripheral insulin sensitivity. Aim: This study aims to assess the effect of sildenafil citrate and metformin on lipid profile and glycemic control in diabetic and prediabetic albino rats. Materials and methods: Adult male albino rats are used and divided into nine groups each group consists of 10 rats, diabetes is induced by feeding a high-fat diet (HFD) for an initial period of 2 weeks followed by a single intraperitoneal injection of (35 mg/kg) Streptozotocin. Prediabetes is induced by feeding (HFD) and glucose in water for a period of 2 weeks. Sildenafil was given in a dose of (5 &10 mg/kg/day orally for 4 weeks), metformin was given in a dose of (50 &100 mg/kg/day orally for 4 weeks) using oral gavages to normal healthy rats, diabetic and prediabetic rats. Blood samples were collected after 4 weeks of treatment in all experimental groups. Results: Combined administration of sildenafil and metformin on diabetic rats improving hyperglycemia, oxidative stress, and hyperlipidemia induced by streptozotocin than the administration of metformin or sildenafil alone. Conclusion: Sildenafil has beneficial effects against some diabetic complications. The present study showed that sildenafil with metformin has beneficial effects against diabetic complications

Effect of sildenafil citrate on prediabetic and diabetic albino rats treated with metformin

Diabetes Miletus (DM) is a global epidemic disease. It is estimated that there are already 415 million adults aged 20–79 years diabetics worldwide. Sildenafil citrate is a phosphodiesterase type 5 (PDE5) inhibitor, which increases cyclic guanosine monophosphate (cGMP) and metformin (MET) is a biguanide used for the treatment of type 2 diabetes which increases peripheral insulin sensitivity. Aim: This study aims to assess the effect of sildenafil citrate and metformin on lipid profile and glycemic control in diabetic and prediabetic albino rats. Materials and methods: Adult male albino rats are used and divided into nine groups each group consists of 10 rats, diabetes is induced by feeding a high-fat diet (HFD) for an initial period of 2 weeks followed by a single intraperitoneal injection of (35 mg/kg) Streptozotocin. Prediabetes is induced by feeding (HFD) and glucose in water for a period of 2 weeks. Sildenafil was given in a dose of (5 &10 mg/kg/day orally for 4 weeks), metformin was given in a dose of (50 &100 mg/kg/day orally for 4 weeks) using oral gavages to normal healthy rats, diabetic and prediabetic rats. Blood samples were collected after 4 weeks of treatment in all experimental groups. Results: Combined administration of sildenafil and metformin on diabetic rats improving hyperglycemia, oxidative stress, and hyperlipidemia induced by streptozotocin than the administration of metformin or sildenafil alone. Conclusion: Sildenafil has beneficial effects against some diabetic complications. The present study showed that sildenafil with metformin has beneficial effects against diabetic complications

Preparation and Characterization of Super-Absorbing Gel Formulated from κ-Carrageenan–Potato Peel Starch Blended Polymers

κ-carrageenan is useful for its superior gelling, hydrogel, and thickening properties. The purpose of the study was to maximize the hydrogel properties and water-absorbing capacity of κ-carrageenan by blending it with starch from potato peels to be used as safe and biodegradable water-absorbent children’s toys. The prepared materials were analyzed using FTIR and Raman spectroscopy to analyze the functional groups. Results showed that there was a shift in the characteristic peaks of starch and κ-carrageenan, which indicated their proper reaction during blend formation. In addition, samples show a peak at 1220 cm−1 corresponding to the ester sulfate groups, and at 1670 cm−1 due to the carbonyl group contained in D-galactose. SEM micrographs showed the presence of rough surface topology after blending the two polymers, with the appearance of small pores. In addition, the presence of surface cracks indicates the biodegradability of the prepared membranes that would result after enzymatic treatment. These results are supported by surface roughness results that show the surface of the κ-carrageenan/starch membranes became rougher after enzymatic treatment. The hydrophilicity of the prepared membranes was evaluated from contact angle (CA) measurements and the swelling ratio. The swelling ratio of the prepared membranes increased gradually as the starch ratio increased, reaching 150%, while the water-uptake capacity increased from 48 ± 4% for plain κ-carrageenan to 150 ± 5% for 1:2 κ-carrageenan/starch blends. The amylase enzyme showed an effective ability to degrade both the plain κ-carrageenan and κ-carrageenan/starch membranes, and release glucose units for up to 236 and 563, respectively. According to these results, these blends could be effectively used in making safe and biodegradable molded toys with superior water-absorbing capabilities