Pengaruh harga dan Brand Image pada keputusan nasabah berinvestasi di PT Bestprofit Bandung: studi kasus pada nasabah PT Bestprofit Future Bandung yang berdomisili rumah dan tempat usaha di wilayah Bandung

Dalam mempersiapkan masa depan yang baik, masyarakat mulai berinvestasi untuk meningkatkan kesejahteraan dan mempersiapkan kehidupan di masa depan. Harga, dan brand image menjadi potensi dan pertimbangan bagi investor dalam mengambil suatu keputusan untuk mengambil investasi sesuai dengan situasi dan kondisi yang ada, sebagaimana tujuan dari investasi adalah untuk memperoleh keuntungan di masa depan. Adapun tujuan dalam penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui pengaruh harga dan brand image terhadap keputusan nasabah dalam berinvestasi di PT Bestprofit Futures Cabang Bandung. Metode yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah metode kuantitatif. Metode kuantitatif yaitu metode penelitian yang mengambil sampel dari populasi dengan menggunakan kueisioner sebagai alat pengukur data. Sampel pada penelitian ini yaitu Nasabah di PT Bestprofit Futures Cabang Bandung sebanyak 43 Responden. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan variabel harga (X1) sebesar 0,394 dengan kata lain nilai koefisien regresi untuk variabel harga bernilai positif menyatakan bahwa apabila semakin tinggi harga maka semakin meningkatkan keputusan nasabah dalam berinvestasi. Kemudian Variabel brand image (X2) sebesar 0,341 dengan kata lain nilai koefisien regresi untuk variabel brand image bernilai rendah menyatakan bahwa apabila brand image rendah maka akan menurunkan keputusan nasabah dalam berinvestasi di PT Bestprofit Futures Cabang Bandung. Dan didukung dengan pengalaman peneliti secara real di lapangan selama 4 tahun di PT Bestprofit Futures Cabang Bandung para investor lebih tertarik dengan perkembangan harga yang mereka reprensentasekan untuk nilai tambah di masa depan. selain itu pola pemasaran B to B / persen to persen tidak menggunakan media publik secara masif menjadi dasar brang image PT Bestprofit Futures Cabang Bandung tidak terlalu tersosislisasikan kepada para calon investor untuk pengambilan Keputusan. Berdasarkan hasil analisis tersebut maka dapat diambil suatu kesimpulan bahwa harga dapat mempengaruhi keputusan nasabah dalam berinvestasi di PT Bestprofit futures bandung, kemudian brand image tidak berpengaruh terhadap keputusan nasabah dalam berinvestasi di PT Bestprofit Futures Cabang Bandung. Kata Kunci: Harga, Brand Image, Keputusan Nasaba

FORMULATION, CHARACTERIZATION AND STABILITY STUDY OF FAST DISSOLVING THIN FILM CONTAINING ASTAXANTHIN NANOEMULSION USING HYDROXYPROPYLMETHYL CELLULOSE POLYMER

Objective: The present study was conducted to formulate and characterize the thin film containing astaxanthin nanoemulsion (TF-ASN) using Hydroxypropylmethyl Cellulose (HPMC) polymer as a film matrix system. The stability studies in different storage conditions were also performed. Methods: Astaxanthin nanoemulsion (As-NE) was prepared by using self-nanoemulsifying method, followed by incorporation into the HPMC matrix system by solvent casting method to forming TF-ASN. Evaluation of TF-ASN was performed by physical and mechanical characterizations. Stability study was carried out in both of accelerated (temperature of 40±2 °C/75±5% RH) and non-accelerated (at ambient temperature) conditions. Assay of astaxanthin in individual TF-ASN was determined compared to pure astaxanthin. Results: TF-ASN had good physical and mechanical characteristics that suitable for intraoral administration. Conclusion: For the study of stability under different storage conditions, it was proven that nanoemulsion form was packed in a HPMC matrix could enhance the stability of the astaxanthin

FORCED DEGRADATION STUDY OF STATINS: A REVIEW

Forced degradation study is the degradation of new drug substances and drug products in more severe conditions than accelerated conditions. Forced degradation study were conducted to demonstrate the specificity of stability-indicating methods, providing insight into degradation pathways and drug degradation products, assisting in the elucidation of degradation product structures, identifying degradation products that could be spontaneously generated during storage and use of drugs and to facilitate improvement in manufacturing process and formulation corresponding with accelerated stability studies. Statins, a class of lipid-lowering medications, are the most widely prescribed drugs and an example of an unstable drug. Statins are susceptible to hydrolysis in the presence of high temperatures and humidity. Therefore, the review discusses various studies of forced degradation studies in six statins drug (atorvastatin, fluvastatin, pitavastatin, pravastatin, rosuvastatin, and simvastatin) to describe the drug's intrinsic stability thus it can assist the selection of formulations and packaging as well as proper storage conditions

A NOVEL OF BEZAFIBRATE ANALYSIS METHODS IN URINE (IN VITRO) USING SOLID PHASE EXTRACTION– HIGH-PERFORMANCE LIQUID CHROMATOGRAPHY-UV DETECTOR

Objective: Bezafibrate is the second generation of fibrate groups used as the drug of choice in the treatment of hyperlipidemia. The purpose of this study is to obtained a validated method for analyzing bezafibrate in urine using solid phase extraction (SPE)-High performance liquid chromatography (HPLC).Methods: Solid phase extraction (SPE) using hydrophilic-lipophilic balance (HLB) cartridge was performed for bezafibrate extraction from urine, afterward, a validation of analysis method using high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC)-(UV) detection was conducted to parameters, including: selectivity (Rs), linearity (r), accuracy, precision, limit of detection (LOD) and limit of quantification (LOQ). Results: Recovery extraction using SPE resulted %recovery 85-110%. The analysis was performed by high-performance liquid chromatography using reversed phase, C18 octadecylsilane (ODS) columns 250 x 26 mm, particle size 10 μl, with the composition of 0.01 M acetate buffer with pH 3.55: with percent composition (45:55) and 0.8 ml/minute on 230 nm UV detection. Validation includes selectivity, linearity, accuracy, precision LOD, and LOQ have fulfilled requirement value. Conclusion: The result of recovery extraction using SPE and validation of method exhibited the values that fulfilled the requirements and can be used for analysis bezafibrate in the urine

APPLICATION OFF-LINE SPE-HPLC/UV METHODS IN ANALYSIS OF OFLOXACIN IN HUMAN URINE (IN VITRO)

Objective: The objective of this study is to determine the validity of analytical methods in OFX antibiotic study in human urine (in vitro) using an SPE-HPLC/UV. In this study, SPE was applied in preparing the analysis of ofloxacin using HPLC embedded UV detector.Methods: C-18 (octadecylsilane) cartridge (100 mg, particle size 10 µm) of SPE was employed in preparing a sample to determine further of analytes using HPLC with phosphate buffer 0.025 M (pH 2.5) and acetonitrile (85.5:14.5) as mobile phase and a flow rate of 1.2 m l/min. UV detector was adjusted at 295 nm with the internal standard ciprofloxacin.Results: The calibration curves for the ofloxacin were linear over concentrations ranging from 1.15 to 36.0 µg/ml with a correlation coefficient (r) from 0.9998 to 0.9999. The coefficients of variation obtained from ofloxacin were less than 10 %. Ofloxacin on the area ratio of peak height and a segment of the chromatogram, LOD and LOQ of ofloxacin were 0.12 and 0.4 μg/ml, respectively. The recovery of ofloxacin from spiked human urine was 96.0 %.Conclusion: The validation methods that including parameters: selectivity, repeatability, linearity, detection limit, quantification limit, precision, accuracy, and suitability of the system. The methods used have validity according to the requirements that might be used to analyze ofloxacin in human urine.Â

METHODS FOR IMPROVING ALPHA-MANGOSTIN SOLUBILITY: A REVIEW

Solubility is an important parameter to achieve for the bioavailability of a drug to reach the therapeutic windows. Garcinia mangostana Linn is a plant with great potency for the development of natural medicine. Alpha-mangostin is one of the secondary metabolites of G. mangostana and has been reported to have several pharmacological activities. The Biopharmaceutics Classification System (BCS) is a system that classifies drugs based on their solubility and permeability. Due to its low solubility but high permeation, alpha-mangostin is categorized into class II of the Biopharmaceutics Classification System. Therefore, the determination of dosage forms and modification of solubility enhancers is limited due to its physical properties, as mentioned above. This disadvantage requires new methods to improve its solubility to administer alpha-mangostin, especially for oral administration. Here, we discuss the development of the methods to increase alpha-mangostin solubility to be applied to formulate a dosage form to reach a useful plasma level for medication

A REVIEW: ANTI-CANCER NATURAL PRODUCT DRUG DELIVERY SYSTEM DOSAGE FORM AND EVALUATION

A drug delivery system is a system in which a drug is released from a pharmaceutical dosage form to achieve the desired pharmacological effect. The system consists of conventional and new drug delivery systems. In the new drug delivery system, polymers are used as a matrix. The aim of this article is to find out and understand the formulation and evaluation of natural ingredients that have anticancer activity with different dosage forms and the basis for developing these dosages. Journal searches in this review came from primary data sources on the internet. Journal searches were carried out using a search engine such as Google Scholar, PubMed, and ScienceDirect. In recent years, natural products, such as extract, fraction, and isolate, are getting attention to help treat cancer. Because of their low solubility and bioavailability, the effectiveness tends to be lower than synthetic drugs. Therefore, a dosage form with a new drug delivery system was made to overcome the problem. The dosage forms commonly made are patch, suspension, powder, and emulsion with a new drug delivery system. To ensure the product that has been made met the requirements, they need to be evaluated with various methods like In vitro Study, morphology study, particle size study, and others. Cancer treatment using the natural product can be delivered through several dosage forms like patch, suspension, powder, and emulsion, with specific formulation and manufacturing methods based on several considerations such as natural ingredients properties, dosage form selection, excipient properties, and the purpose of the formulation. Dosage forms that has been made are then evaluated using several evaluation methods

A SIMPLE EFFORT TO ENHANCE SOLUBILITY AND DISSOLUTION RATE OF SIMVASTATIN USING CO-CRYSTALLIZATION

Objective: The main objective of this study was to explore co-crystallization as an effort to enhance the solubility of simvastatin (SV) using tartaric acid (TA) as co-former.Methods: The simulation of molecular modeling of TA against SV has been done by in silico using auto dock 4.2. A preparation of co-crystal carried out by using solvent drops grinding (SGD) with an equimolar ratio. A co-crystal formed was confirmed by scanning electron microscopy (SEM), saturated solubility test, in vitro dissolution test, infrared spectrophotometry (FTIR), powder X-ray diffraction (PXRD), and differential scanning calorimetry (DSC).Results: The in silico studies showed that the interaction of TA and SV has synthon molecular by hydrogen bonding. An increasing of solubility and in vitro dissolution profile of co-crystal resulted as compared to the value of pure SV and its physical mixer. Characterizations of a co-crystal SV: TA (1: 1) including SEM, FTIR, PXRD, and DSC have indicated the formation of new solid crystal phase that different compared to SV, TA, and its physical mixture.Conclusion: The co-crystallization has been used to enhance the solubility and dissolution of simvastatin. All characterization either in silico and in vitro has shown the formation of co-crystal SV: TA (1:1)

PHYSICAL CHARACTERIZATION OF IN SITU OPHTHALMIC GEL: A CONCISE REVIEW

In situ ophthalmic gel is a type of eye drug preparation that has a higher bioavailability value and has a longer contact time with maximum therapeutic effect and with minimal side effects compared to conventional eye preparations. The preparation of ophthalmic in situ gel is required characterization to make sure that the prepared preparations meet the standards and are safe when used. This journal review aims to look at the methods used in characterizing physical properties in in situ ophthalmic gel formulations with different active substances such as rheology studies, organoleptic tests, pH, clarity, and gelling capacity. In order to get the best formulation of in situ ophthalmic gel preparations so as to provide maximum therapeutic effect

AN EXPERIMENTAL DESIGN IN THE OPTIMIZATION OF VARIOUS TABLET EXCIPIENT FORMULATIONS = A CONCISE REVIEW

The use of an experimental design technique in the development of various pharmaceutical preparations, including tablet preparations, has become the latest trend. Because of their ease of use, tablet formulations are popular among both producers and patients. To increase the usage of tablets in diverse circles and settings, researchers are working to develop a variety of tablet excipients for various functions. Fast dissolving tablets (FDT), effervescent tablets, modified-release tablets, oral mucoadhesive tablets, gastroretentive tablets, and colon targeted tablets are some of the tablet formats that have been developed in addition to traditional tablets. This review will look at how formulation optimization in tablet preparations has been done during the previous ten years using specific literacies. The articles for this review were found using the keywords tablet, excipient, matrices, formulation, and QBD in specialized databases such as Elsevier, Pubmed, and Cambridge. Other options include Springer publications, material from the Internet, and articles published online by The Lancet Respiratory Medicine, Medscape, and Statpearls. The formulation design strategy is based on the experimental design approach carried out on the kind of tablet preparation, which has distinct important quality parameters