Pressure Dependence of Viscosity of Polar Gases

Viscosity of polar gases, such as steam and ammonia, decreases with increasing pressure. In order to explain this anomaly, we considered a polar gas to be a mixture of dimers and monomers. The viscosity of steam and ammonia was calculated as the sum of mixture term ηₘᵢₓ and collisional transfer term ηc, namely η＝ηₘᵢx+ηc. The calculated and experimental values of viscosity of these gases agreed qualitatively well, and the negative pressure dependence of viscosity of these gases was explained with reasonable success by the theory of association

The tumor-forming type of multiple myeloma. I. Biological behavior.

A total of 45 cases of multiple myeloma has been followed up clinically during the period from 7 to 80 months. Out of these, six patients (13.3%) were diagnosed to be the tumor-forming type; they developed discrete tumor formation at the disease onset or during clinical observation. Biological behavior of these cases is briefly outlined. Histologically, five cases presented with well or moderately well differentiated plasma cells according to the grading made by Pasmantier and Azar. The remaining one case was poorly differentiated in cell maturity, and with electron and immunofluorescence microscopies, proved to be of plasmacytic nature.</p

Screening for congenital cytomegalovirus infection using newborn urine samples collected on filter paper: feasibility and outcomes from a multicentre study

PublisherBackground As congenital cytomegalovirus (CMV) infection causes significant clinical consequences not only at birth but also later as neurological sequelae, it is critical to establish a strategy for screening congenitally infected newborns. Previous studies have identified an insufficient sensitivity in screening methods based on the use of dried blood spots (DBSs). Objectives To evaluate the feasibility of the authors' recently developed method for large-scale screening for congenital CMV infection and to identify risk factors for congenital infection. Methods More than 21 000 newborns were enrolled at 25 sites in six geographically separate areas of Japan. Urine was collected onto filter cards placed in the diapers, which were then analysed by quantitative PCR using the filter disc directly as a template. Clinical and physical findings of the newborns were extracted from their medical records. CMV strains from the cases and their siblings were genetically compared. Viral loads in DBSs obtained from some of the cases were compared with those in the urine filters. Results Congenital CMV infection was identified in 0.31% (95% CI 0.24% to 0.39%) of the newborns, and 30% of the cases (20/66) had typical clinical manifestations and/or showed abnormalities in brain images at birth. Although the positive predictive value of our screening was 94%, the lack of any comparison with a gold standard assay prevented calculation of the negative predictive value. Almost two-thirds of the cases had siblings, a significantly higher frequency than for uninfected newborns. Most of the cases (21/25) excreted CMV strains identical to those of their siblings. CMV DNA was undetectable in three out of 12 retrievable DBS specimens. Conclusions Implementation of an effective large-scale screening programme for congenital CMV infection is feasible. Siblings are the major risk factor for congenital CMV infection, which emphasises the need for education of mothers-to-be as well as vaccine development

Human Sapovirus in Clams, Japan

Human sapovirus was detected in 4 of 57 clam packages by reverse transcription–PCR and sequence analysis. This represents the first finding of sapovirus contamination in food. Closely matching sequences have been detected in stool specimens from patients with gastroenteritis in Japan, which indicates a possible food-to-human transmission link

Biliary Cystadenocarcinoma - Report of 2 Cases -

The clinical and pathologic features of two patients with biliary cystadenocarcinoma were presented and the previous literatures were reviewed. Case 1 : A 52-year-old man complained of heart burn and weight loss. Abdominal ultrasound and CT offered suspicions of biliary cystadenocarcinoma of the left hepatic lobe. Left hepatic lobectomy was performed, but the tumor invaded to adjacent viscera. The resected tumor (26×21×5.5 cm) was multilocular cystadenocarcinoma with mucin production. He survived for one year and 8 months after surgery. Case 2: A 60-year-old man suffering from sudden-onset frost and high fever underwent left lateral segmentectomy of the liver with a diagnosis of cystadenocarcinoma defined by biopsy specimen in previous operation. The tumor (6.0×4.5×3.5 cm) was multilocular cyst with mucin-producing papillary adenocarcinoma. He died of recurrent cancer 2 years and one month after surgery. The histogenesis of cystadenocarcinoma is still unclear because of its rare disease. The presence of benign epithelium in our cases may support their origin from cystadenoma

Joint Observation of the Galactic Center with MAGIC and CTA-LST-1

MAGIC is a system of two Imaging Atmospheric Cherenkov Telescopes (IACTs), designed to detect very-high-energy gamma rays, and is operating in stereoscopic mode since 2009 at the Observatorio del Roque de Los Muchachos in La Palma, Spain. In 2018, the prototype IACT of the Large-Sized Telescope (LST-1) for the Cherenkov Telescope Array, a next-generation ground-based gamma-ray observatory, was inaugurated at the same site, at a distance of approximately 100 meters from the MAGIC telescopes. Using joint observations between MAGIC and LST-1, we developed a dedicated analysis pipeline and established the threefold telescope system via software, achieving the highest sensitivity in the northern hemisphere. Based on this enhanced performance, MAGIC and LST-1 have been jointly and regularly observing the Galactic Center, a region of paramount importance and complexity for IACTs. In particular, the gamma-ray emission from the dynamical center of the Milky Way is under debate. Although previous measurements suggested that a supermassive black hole Sagittarius A* plays a primary role, its radiation mechanism remains unclear, mainly due to limited angular resolution and sensitivity. The enhanced sensitivity in our novel approach is thus expected to provide new insights into the question. We here present the current status of the data analysis for the Galactic Center joint MAGIC and LST-1 observations