Webinar Sebagai Metode Pengumpulan Data di Era Pandemi Bagi Para Peternak Indonesia

Perguruan Tinggi merupakan salah satu lembaga yang berkontribusi pada pembangunan SDM Unggul Indonesia. Internalisasi nilai kearifan lokal pada civitas akademika Perguruan Tinggi di Indonesia melalui kebijakan Tri Dharma Perguruan Tinggi dan Merdeka Belajar Kampus Merdeka (MBKM). Salah satu implementasi kebijakan melalui kegiatan Pengabdian kepada Masyarakat (PkM). Kegiatan PkM ini bertujuan membantu salah satu perusahaan yang memproduksi Farmasi peternakan di Indonesia untuk melakukan survei kepuasan pelanggan. Metode pelaksanaan menggunakan metode konsultasi yang hasilnya menjadi pembelajaran bagi tim pengabdi dan pelaku usaha untuk memecahkan masalah mengenai kepuasan pelanggan dan penggunaan metode penelitian. Tahapan diawali: pertama, pemberian knowledge kepada mahasiswa riset pasar dalam bentuk kuliah tamu; kedua, mengadakan webinar online sebagai media pengumpulan data survei; dan tahap akhir, melakukan Focus Group Discussion (FGD) dengan perusahaan farmasi perternakan sebagai mitra kerjasama. Dengan semangat nilai kreativitas dan kemampuan beradaptasi maka tim pengabdi dapat melaksanaan kegiatan PkM ini dalam kondisi pandemi. Peserta kegiatan ini adalah peternak di Indonesia yang merupakan pelanggan dari perusahaan farmasi perternakan. Metode pengumpulan data PkM ini menggunakan webinar online. PkM ini juga menggunakan surveyor mahasiswa sebagai moderator dalam pengisian kuesioner kepuasan secara kualitatif dan kuantitatif. PkM ini menggunakan metode analisis data statistik deskriptif dan metode analisis ilustratif. Hasil adalah media webinar online sebagai metode pengumpulan data untuk para peternak masih belum optimal dan perlu perancangan kembali dengan memperbaiki beberapa hambatan pelaksanaan yaitu: pengetahuan, keinginan, dan karakteristik responden, serta karakteristik panitia pelaksana sehingga terjadi penyesuaian dengan media yang digunakan. Luaran PkM ini adalah modul pembelajaran yang berhubungan dengan riset pasar dan metode penelitian.</jats:p

Genomic reconstruction of the SARS-CoV-2 epidemic in England

AbstractThe evolution of the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) virus leads to new variants that warrant timely epidemiological characterization. Here we use the dense genomic surveillance data generated by the COVID-19 Genomics UK Consortium to reconstruct the dynamics of 71 different lineages in each of 315 English local authorities between September 2020 and June 2021. This analysis reveals a series of subepidemics that peaked in early autumn 2020, followed by a jump in transmissibility of the B.1.1.7/Alpha lineage. The Alpha variant grew when other lineages declined during the second national lockdown and regionally tiered restrictions between November and December 2020. A third more stringent national lockdown suppressed the Alpha variant and eliminated nearly all other lineages in early 2021. Yet a series of variants (most of which contained the spike E484K mutation) defied these trends and persisted at moderately increasing proportions. However, by accounting for sustained introductions, we found that the transmissibility of these variants is unlikely to have exceeded the transmissibility of the Alpha variant. Finally, B.1.617.2/Delta was repeatedly introduced in England and grew rapidly in early summer 2021, constituting approximately 98% of sampled SARS-CoV-2 genomes on 26 June 2021.</jats:p

Patients’ and carers’ views on research priorities in prehabilitation for cancer surgery

Introduction The views of patients and carers are important for the development of research priorities. This study aimed to determine and compare the top research priorities of cancer patients and carers with those of multidisciplinary clinicians with expertise in prehabilitation. Materials and methods This cross-sectional study surveyed patients recovering from cancer surgery at a major tertiary hospital in Sydney, Australia, and/or their carers between March and July 2023. Consenting patients and carers were provided a list of research priorities according to clinicians with expertise in prehabilitation, as determined in a recent International Delphi study. Participants were asked to rate the importance of each research priority using a 5-item Likert scale (ranging from 1 = very high research priority to 5 = very low research priority). Results A total of 101 patients and 50 carers participated in this study. Four areas were identified as research priorities, achieving consensus of highest importance (&gt; 70% rated as "high" or "very high" priority) by patients, carers, and clinical experts. These were "optimal composition of prehabilitation programs" (77% vs. 82% vs. 88%), "effect of prehabilitation on surgical outcomes" (85% vs. 90% vs. 95%), "effect of prehabilitation on functional outcomes" (83% vs. 86% vs. 79%), and "effect of prehabilitation on patient reported outcomes" (78% vs. 84% vs. 79%). Priorities that did not reach consensus of high importance by patients despite reaching consensus of highest importance by experts included "identifying populations most likely to benefit from prehabilitation" (70% vs. 76% vs. 90%) and "defining prehabilitation core outcome measures" (66% vs. 74% vs. 87%). "Prehabilitation during neoadjuvant therapies" reached consensus of high importance by patients but not by experts or carers (81% vs. 68% vs. 69%). Conclusion This study delineated the primary prehabilitation research priorities as determined by patients and carers, against those previously identified by clinicians with expertise in prehabilitation. It is recommended that subsequent high-quality research and resource allocation be directed towards these highlighted areas of importance

Viral Dynamics and Immune Correlates of Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) Severity

Abstract Background Key knowledge gaps remain in the understanding of viral dynamics and immune response of Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection. Methods We evaluated these characteristics and established their association with clinical severity in a prospective observational cohort study of 100 patients with PCR-confirmed SARS-CoV-2 infection (mean age, 46 years; 56% male; 38% with comorbidities). Respiratory samples (n = 74) were collected for viral culture, serum samples for measurement of IgM/IgG levels (n = 30), and plasma samples for levels of inflammatory cytokines and chemokines (n = 81). Disease severity was correlated with results from viral culture, serologic testing, and immune markers. Results Fifty-seven (57%) patients developed viral pneumonia, of whom 20 (20%) required supplemental oxygen, including 12 (12%) with invasive mechanical ventilation. Viral culture from respiratory samples was positive for 19 of 74 patients (26%). No virus was isolated when the PCR cycle threshold (Ct) value was &amp;gt;30 or &amp;gt;14 days after symptom onset. Seroconversion occurred at a median (IQR) of 12.5 (9–18) days for IgM and 15.0 (12–20) days for IgG; 54/62 patients (87.1%) sampled at day 14 or later seroconverted. Severe infections were associated with earlier seroconversion and higher peak IgM and IgG levels. Levels of IP-10, HGF, IL-6, MCP-1, MIP-1α, IL-12p70, IL-18, VEGF-A, PDGF-BB, and IL-1RA significantly correlated with disease severity. Conclusions We found virus viability was associated with lower PCR Ct value in early illness. A stronger antibody response was associated with disease severity. The overactive proinflammatory immune signatures offer targets for host-directed immunotherapy, which should be evaluated in randomized controlled trials. </jats:sec