Evidence for sea water intrusion in karstic aquifer of Karaburun Peninsula, NW Turkey

IWA 2nd Regional Symposium on water, wastewater and environment, 22-24 March 2017, Cesme, İzmirKarstic aquifers are considered to be significant sources of groundwater and are mostly under threat due to sea water intrusion in many parts of the world. Seawater intrusion is also a common problem on karstic aquifers of Karaburun Peninsula in north of Mediterranean Region. The hydrogeology of Karaburun Peninsula is fairly complex and is mostly characterized by highly permeable karstic formations with significant water storage in an otherwise water scarce area. The karstic aquifers of the region were recently found to be under severe salt water intrusion, which significantly altered the position of fresh water/sea water interface as a result of excessive pumping and fault zones controlling the karstic network.The Scientific and Technological Research Council of Turkey project number 113Y04

Investigation of sea water intrusion in coastal aquifers: A case study from Karaburun Peninsula, Turkey

36th IAHR World Congress, 28 June – 3 July, 2015, The Hague, the NetherlandsGroundwater is an important natural resource; as of today, more than 2 billion people depend on groundwater. Determination of the quantity of available water resources is crucial due to continuously increasing water demand and unequal spatial distribution of water in the world. Coastal areas are typically considered to be areas of limited supply and large demand and groundwater is mostly the resource that is used for water supply purposes for coastal communities. Thus, there exist numerous studies in literature that focus on the determination of the groundwater characteristics in coastal regions with particular emphasis on the geological, hydrogeological and hydrochemical properties of coastal groundwater. Coastal aquifers are considered to be significant water resources and are mostly under threat due to salt water intrusion. The reason for salt water intrusion is mostly anthropogenic such as over exploitation but occasionally natural causes like tectonic boundaries or fault lines could be influential. When coupled with low recharge rates that are common in semi-arid regions such as the Mediterranean, effective and sustainable supply of water with sufficient quality and quantity becomes a real challenge for coastal communities

Modeling of seawater intrusion in a coastal aquifer of Karaburun Peninsula, western Turkey

Seawater intrusion is a major problem to freshwater resources especially in coastal areas where fresh groundwater is surrounded and could be easily influenced by seawater. This study presents the development of a conceptual and numerical model for the coastal aquifer of Karareis region (Karaburun Peninsula) in the western part of Turkey. The study also presents the interpretation and the analysis of the time series data of groundwater levels recorded by data loggers. The SEAWAT model is used in this study to solve the density-dependent flow field and seawater intrusion in the coastal aquifer that is under excessive pumping particularly during summer months. The model was calibrated using the average values of a 1-year dataset and further verified by the average values of another year. Five potential scenarios were analyzed to understand the effects of pumping and climate change on groundwater levels and the extent of seawater intrusion in the next 10 years. The result of the analysis demonstrated high levels of electrical conductivity and chloride along the coastal part of the study area. As a result of the numerical model, seawater intrusion is simulated to move about 420 m toward the land in the next 10 years under “increased pumping” scenario, while a slight change in water level and TDS concentrations was observed in “climate change” scenario. Results also revealed that a reduction in the pumping rate from Karareis wells will be necessary to protect fresh groundwater from contamination by seawater.Scientific and Technological Research Council of Turkey (TUBITAK 113Y042

Evaluation of the environmental pressures on groundwater in Gedız Basin

67. Türkiye Jeoloji Kurultayı, 14-18 Nisan 2014, AnkaraSon yıllarda küresel iklim değişikliklerine bağlı olarak ülkemiz genelinde su potansiyelinin gerek kalite gerekse miktar açısından önemli oranda baskı altında olduğu ortaya çıkmıştır. Bu bağlamda, sürdürülebilir su potansiyelinin geliştirilmesine yönelik olarak bir takım önlemlerin alınması zorunlu hale gelmiştir. Bunun için öncelikli olarak, ülkemizde mevcut yeraltı su durumunun miktar ve kalite açısından belirlenmesi için havza bazında hidrojeolojik çalışmalar yapılmaktadır. Bunlardan biri ise Ege Bölgesinin en büyük nehir havzalarından biri olan Gediz havzasıdır. Gediz havzasında mevcut su potansiyelinin belirlenmesine yönelik olarak 2012 yılından bu yana hidrolojik, hidrojeolojik ve hidrojeokimyasal çalışmalar sürdürülmektedir. Gediz havzasında yapılan ve elde edilen ön bulgular bu çalışma kapsamında değerlendirilmiştir. Yapılan çalışmalar sonucunda 17146 km2’lik bir alanı kapsayan Gediz havzasında en önemli yeraltı suyu kütlelerinin, havza alanının %18’ini kaplayan alüvyonel birimler ve %12’sini kaplayan karstik kaya ortamlar (Mesozoyik kireçtaşları, Paleozoyik mermerler ve Neojen kireçtaşları) olduğu saptanmıştır

Investigation of groundwater recharges mechanism in Alasehir plain: From physical characterization to modelling

IWA 2nd Regional Symposium on water, wastewater and environment, 22-24 March 2017, Cesme, İzmirCharacteristics of aquifer that allows the flow of groundwater, recharge and discharge mechanism effect the available groundwater potential. In order to determine the available potential of groundwater, the budget components are the most important parameters. In general, different analogical methods are applied in different countries, instead of using measurable data. Determination of the groundwater recharge is the most difficult parameter to be measured among the hydrological budget parameters. In general, the analogical methods are insufficient to determine the groundwater recharge rate. Precipitation, evaporation-transportation and runoff can be measured from the surface meteorological station. However, estimation of groundwater recharge cannot be measured directly. At the moment of climate change, visualization of the spatial distribution of the groundwater recharge estimation and mapping are needed. Therefore, improvements of easy groundwater recharge techniques are very important tools for groundwater basins to develop the water management planning.The Scientific and Technological Research Council of Turkey (TUBITAK), project no. 115Y06

Potential of groundwater in Turkey and its management, utilization, and influencing factors

68. Türkiye Jeoloji Kurultayı, 06-10 Nisan 2015, AnkaraTürkiye’nin tarımsal, sanayi ve içme suyu ihtiyacı önemli oranda yeraltısularından karşılanmaktadır. Ülkenin kırsal ve kentsel alanlarındaki içme suyunun yarıdan fazlası, ülke tarımsal sulamalarının yaklaşık üçte biri ve ülke sanayinde kullanılan suyun önemli bir kısmı yeraltı sularından sağlanmaktadır. Yeraltısularının bu şekilde birincil kaynak olarak kullanımı, su kaynakları yönetiminde yeraltısularının önemli ve stratejik bir rol oynadığının göstergesidir. Yeraltısuları ülke genelinde bu kadar yaygın kullanılmasına karşılık su kaynakları yönetiminde ikincil bir konumdadır. Ülke su kaynakları yönetiminde etkin kuruluşlar olan DSİ ve Su Yönetim Genel Müdürlükleri (SYGM) ile kentsel su yönetimi ve kullanımda önemli rol oynayan yerel yönetimlerin yeraltı sularına yönelik araştırma, yönetim ve uygulama birimleri ya son derece yetersiz düzeyde ya da hiç bulunmamaktadır. Türkiye’de yeraltısuyunun toplam potansiyeline yönelik de kapsamlı bilimsel araştırmalar bulunmamaktadır

Potential of groundwater in Turkey and its management, utilization, and influencing factors

68. Türkiye Jeoloji Kurultayı, 06-10 Nisan 2015, AnkaraTürkiye’nin tarımsal, sanayi ve içme suyu ihtiyacı önemli oranda yeraltısularından karşılanmaktadır. Ülkenin kırsal ve kentsel alanlarındaki içme suyunun yarıdan fazlası, ülke tarımsal sulamalarının yaklaşık üçte biri ve ülke sanayinde kullanılan suyun önemli bir kısmı yeraltı sularından sağlanmaktadır. Yeraltısularının bu şekilde birincil kaynak olarak kullanımı, su kaynakları yönetiminde yeraltısularının önemli ve stratejik bir rol oynadığının göstergesidir. Yeraltısuları ülke genelinde bu kadar yaygın kullanılmasına karşılık su kaynakları yönetiminde ikincil bir konumdadır. Ülke su kaynakları yönetiminde etkin kuruluşlar olan DSİ ve Su Yönetim Genel Müdürlükleri (SYGM) ile kentsel su yönetimi ve kullanımda önemli rol oynayan yerel yönetimlerin yeraltı sularına yönelik araştırma, yönetim ve uygulama birimleri ya son derece yetersiz düzeyde ya da hiç bulunmamaktadır. Türkiye’de yeraltısuyunun toplam potansiyeline yönelik de kapsamlı bilimsel araştırmalar bulunmamaktadır

Blowout mechanism of Alasehir (Turkey) geothermal field and its effects on groundwater chemistry

Anatolia region is one of the most seismically active regions in the world and has a considerably high level of geothermal energy potential. Some of these geothermal resources have been used for power generation and direct heating. Most of the high enthalpy geothermal systems are located in western part of Turkey. Alasehir is the most important geothermal site in western part of Turkey. Many geothermal wells have been drilled in Alasehir Plain to produce the geothermal fluid from the deep reservoir in the last 10 years. A blowout accident happened during a geothermal well drilling operation in Alasehir Plain, and significant amount of geothermal fluid surfaced out along the fault zone in three locations. When drilling string entered the reservoir rock about 1000 m, blowout occurred. As the well head preventer system was closed because of the blowout, high-pressure fluid surfaced out along the fault zone cutting the Neogene formation. In order to understand the geothermal fluid effects on groundwater chemistry, physical and chemical compositions of local cold groundwater were monitored from May 2012 to September 2014 in the study area. The geothermal fluid was found to be of Na–HCO3 water type, and especially, arsenic and boron concentrations reached levels as high as 3 and 127 mg/L, respectively. The concentrations of arsenic and boron in the geothermal fluid and groundwater exceeded the maximum allowable limits given in the national and international standards for drinking water quality. According to temporally monitored results, geothermal fluid has extremely high mineral content which influenced the quality of groundwater resources of the area where water resource is commonly used for agricultural irrigation.Dokuz Eylul University (2014.KB.FEN.012); State Hydraulic Work