Wearable smart blanket system model for monitoring the vital signs of patients in ambulance

Introduction: The timely and managed intervention reduces the consequences of disease and sudden death among the patients in emergency conditions. Monitoring the patients in emergency conditions requires rapid and appropriate decisions to save their lives. The present study aimed at modeling the wearable smart blanket system for monitoring the patients in the emergency conditions of ambulance. Materials and Methods: The present study was based on an applied and descriptive-developmental design. Firstly, the requirements and features of wearable smart blanket system were elicited and secondly a smart blanket system was modeled by using the UML charts and elicited requirements. Finally, the designed architecture was evaluated using ARID scenario-based method. Results: The functional requirements of wearable smart blanket system with its data elements and physical-structural features of this system as well as non-functional requirements were elicited. Based on the requirements and data elements elicited from the questionnaire, class diagram, activity, use-case diagram, sequence, deployment, and component were drawn. Then, using the UML and the relationships between components, systems, and users from the structural and behavioral perspectives used the ARID scenario-based evaluation method to indicate that the designed architecture could provide the expected scenarios from the proposed system. Conclusion: Wearable smart blanket system collects the data related to medical signals by the sensors installed on the blanket and such data are processed by the smart system. Therefore, it can be concluded that the design of this system makes it possible to monitor and control patients in risky conditions with better quality and to integrate vital signs. The analyzing biological data makes it easy for doctors to take early diagnosis and intervention

High-dose vitamin D3 supplementation in pregnancy and risk of neurodevelopmental disorders in the children at age 10 - A randomized clinical trial

Background: Vitamin D deficiency in pregnancy may increase risk of autism and attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). Objective: To estimate the effect of vitamin D3 supplementation in pregnancy on risk of autism and ADHD.Design: This randomized clinical trial was part of the COpenhagen Prospective Study on Neuro-PSYCHiatric Development (COPSYCH) project nested within the Copenhagen Prospective Studies on Asthma in Childhood 2010 (COPSAC2010) cohort comprising a population-based sample of 700 healthy mother-child pairs enrolled at week 24 of pregnancy. Maternal 25-hydroxy-vitamin D (25(OH)D) was measured at inclusion and 623 mothers were randomized 1:1 to either high-dose (2800 IU/d) or standard-dose (400 IU/d) vitamin D3 until 1 week postpartum (315 received high-dose, 308 standard dose). At age 10, diagnoses and symptom load of autism and ADHD, respectively, were established using the Kiddie-Schedule for Affective Disorders and Schizophrenia for School-Age Children-Present and Lifetime Version (K-SADS-PL). Results: 591 children completed the psychopathological evaluation at age 10, sixteen children (2.7%) were diagnosed with autism and 65 (11.0%) with ADHD. Hereof, 496 children participated in the vitamin D3 trial (246 received high-dose, 250 standard dose). Of these, twelve children (2.4%) were diagnosed with autism and 58 (11.7%) with ADHD. Higher maternal pre-intervention 25(OH)D  levels were associated with a decreased risk of autism (OR per 10 nmol/L 0.76 (0.59,0.97), p=0.034)), lower autistic symptom load (β per 10 nmol/L -0.03 (-0.05,0.00), p=0.024), and decreased risk of ADHD diagnosis (OR per 10 nmol/L 0.88 (0.78,0.99), p=0.033). High-dose vitamin D3 supplementation was not associated with risk of autism or ADHD.Conclusions: Higher maternal pre-intervention 25(OH)D was associated with a decreased risk of autism, lower autistic symptom load, and decreased risk of ADHD diagnosis, but high-dose vitamin D3 supplementation in pregnancy had no effect on risk of autism and ADHD.  </div

Maternal inflammation during pregnancy is associated with risk of ADHD in children at age 10

Introduction: Maternal inflammation during pregnancy may affect early neurodevelopment in offspring as suggested by preclinical and register data. However, clinical evidence for risk of aberrant neurodevelopment later in childhood is scarce. In the population-based COPSAC2010 mother–child cohort, we investigated associations between maternal inflammation levels during pregnancy and the risk of a diagnosis of ADHD as well as the load of ADHD symptoms in the children at age 10.Methods: The COPSAC2010 cohort consists of 700 mother–child pairs followed prospectively since pregnancy week 24. Maternal high-sensitivity C-Reactive Protein (hs-CRP) level at week 24 of gestation was investigated in relation to child neurodevelopment by age 10 using logistic and linear regression models with extensive confounder adjustment, including socioeconomic status and maternal polygenic risk of ADHD. The children completed a comprehensive examination of neurodevelopment including categorical (i.e., diagnostic) and dimensional (i.e., symptom load) psychopathology using the Kiddie Schedule for Affective Disorders and Schizophrenia Present and Lifetime Version (K-SADS-PL) and parental rated ADHD-Rating Scale (ADHD-RS).Results: A total of 604 (86 %) of the 700 children in the COPSAC2010 cohort participated in the COPSYCH visit at age 10. Sixty-five (10.8 %) fulfilled a research diagnosis of ADHD (16 girls and 49 boys). Higher maternal hs-CRP level in pregnancy at week 24 (median 5.4 mg/L) was significantly associated with increased risk for a diagnosis of ADHD, adjusted OR 1.40, 95 %CI (1.16–1.70), p = 0.001. Additionally, higher maternal hs-CRP was associated with increased ADHD symptom load in the entire cohort, reflected by ADHD-RS raw scores.Discussion: These clinical data demonstrated a robust association of prenatal maternal inflammation assessed by hs-CRP with a diagnosis of ADHD by age 10. Moreover, maternal inflammation was associated with ADHD symptom load in the complete cohort. Identifying inflammation as an important marker will provide a potential target for future increased awareness and prevention during pregnancy thereby ultimately improving neurodevelopmental outcomes in children