The Effect of Organic and Bio Fertilizers on Maize (Zea mays), and HydroMax Adjuvants Application on Optimizing of Nicosulfuron Herbicide Efficacy

In order to study the effect of adjuvant on nicosulfuron herbicide efficacy improvement in maize weed control under organic fertilizers application, field study was conducted during 2013- 2014 at research field of Ferdowsi University of Mashhad, Iran. Experiment was arranged in completely randomized design with factorial arrangement of treatments with 16 treatments and three replications. Factors in this experiment were application of organic fertilizers (cow manure and vermicompost) and bio fertilizer mycorrhiza, and a plot without fertilizer as control, nicosulfuron dose at 40, and 80 g a.i ha-1 (Cruz®,4% SC) with and without the adjuvant of HydroMax™. Common purslane (Portulaca oleracea), black nightshade (Solanum nigrum L.), and redroot pigweed (Amaranthus retroflexus L) were the dominant weeds in the experimental fields. Black nightshade and common purslane had the highest relative density 20 and 45 days after spraying (DAS). Results showed that application of hydromax adjuvant increased herbicide efficiency, significantly. However dry weight of common purslane, black nightshade and redroot pigweed decreased 84, 71, 86 and 71, 79, 100 %, when nicosulfuron applied at reduced dose (40 g a.i. ha-1) with adjuvant 20 and 45 DAS, respectively. On the other hand, seed yield and dry weight of maize increased 49 and 60 % respectively, when nicosulfuron applied at 40 g a.i. ha-1 with Hydromax pulse cow manure.&nbsp

A Mixture Cure Model for Interval Censorship with a Change Point based on Age Threshold on Hodgkin Lymphoma Patients after Stem Cell Transplantation: A Cure Model with Change Point for Hodgkin Lymphoma Patients

Abstract Introduction: Hodgkin lymphoma (HL) is one of the best curable cancers. Many researches have validated the benefit of hematopoietic stem cell transplant (HSCT) for patients with relapsed or primary resistant HL. This analysis aimed to identify an effective change point in patients' age, the cure fraction before and after the change point, and significant prognostic factors on the cure fraction before and after the change point for these patients after HSCT in Iran. Materials and Methods: In this retrospective cohort study, there were 156 patients with HL who underwent HSCT from 2007 to 2014 with 18 months of follow up in Tehran, Iran. The survival time was set as the time interval between transplantation and the recurrence of HL. Also, the change point and the cure fraction before and after the change point were estimated using the Bayesian estimation method and log-normal distribution. Results: The estimated cure fraction was 79.2% for all patients. In susceptible cases, the mean survival time was 999 days (2.7 years). Also, the three and five-year survival rates were 82.1% and 80.0%, respectively. The effective change point in the age at transplantation of patients was 35 years, and the cure fraction before the change point was 84.5 % and after the change point was 60.6%. Conclusion: The study concluded that the age of 35 years is a significant change point in the age at transplantation. If individuals underwent HSCT with HL before the age of 35, they have a higher survival rate (recurrent of HL) than those underwent HSCT after 35. Keywords: Hodgkin Lymphoma, Mixture Cure Model, Change Point, Interval Censorship,Bayesian Metho

Dose response of some wheat field grass weeds under field and greenhouse conditions to three formulations of

In order to investigate the dose response of some grass weeds of wheat fields to different Fenoxaprop-p ethyl formulations, field experiments were conducted in Khouzestan, Golestan and greenhouse experiments were conducted in Tehran, during 2003-2004. Experimental factors were three formulations of Fenoxaprop-p ethyl (Golsam, Giya and Bieser feld), each applied at four doses (0.4, 0.8, 1.2 and 1.8 L/ha). Dose response curves of the percent of reduction in number of weeds and their dry weight compared to the untreated control were fitted. Weed floras included winter wild oat (Avena ludoviciana Dur.), canary grass (Phalaris minor Retz.) and ryegrass (Lolium perenne L.) in Khouzestan, and the same weed flora but less canary grass in Golestan and winter wild oat in the greenhouse study. Results indicated that there was no significant difference between Giya and Bieser feld formulations. The efficacy of these formulations was better than Golsam. Also, the reduction in dry weight of narrow leaf weeds was similar in field studies but not in greenhouse study. Dose response of narrow leaf weeds to all Fenoxaprop-p ethyl formulations was not satisfactory at the recommended dose (1 L/ha) indicating that this herbicide should be applied at higher doses or be replaced with another narrow leaf herbicide like Clodinafop-propargil

Effect of three rotation systems on weed seed bank of barely fields in Karaj

Rotation can be used as an approach for weed management, because density and combination of weed seed bank may be affected by rotation. In this study effect of rotation in diversity and density of weed seed was studied in three rotation systems (fallow – barely, maize – barely and canola – barely). Results showed that fallow – barely rotation system have high population density in seed bank and highest amount of Shannon diversity index (H = 0.84). In canola – barely rotation system because of different herbicide uses and special traits of canola, population of weed seeds in seed bank was significantly lower that other rotation systems. Results showed that canola – barely rotation system because of combination special herbicide and agronomical and biological characteristic of canola, in comparison with other rotation systems is more successful in decreasing of weed seed bank