The effect of hope enhancing training on behavioral strengths in dysthymic patients

زمینه و هدف: روان‌شناسی مثبت، مطالعه تجارب ذهنی مثبت مثل شادمانی و سلامتی، صفات فردی مثبت مثل امید و بخشش و توانمندی‌های بین‌فردی مثل نوع‌دوستی و حس جامعه‌پذیری را شامل می‌شود. هدف این پژوهش بررسی تاثیر آموزش ارتقاء امید بر میزان توانمندی‌های رفتاری افراد مبتلا به افسرده خوئی بوده است. روش بررسی: در این مطالعه تجربی 40 نفر از مراجعین به مراکز مشاوره شهر اصفهان که مبتلا به اختلال افسرده‌خوئی بودند انتخاب و به روش تصادفی در دو گروه آزمایش و کنترل قرار گرفتند. ابتدا آزمون ارزش‌های فعال در عمل (VIA- IS) به عنوان پیش‌آزمون در هر دو گروه اجرا شد. سپس بیماران گروه آزمایش، 6 جلسه آموزش ارتقاء امید دریافت نمودند. در پایان آزمون ارزش‌های فعال در عمل مجدداً به عنوان پس‌آزمون اجرا گردید. از روش تحلیل کواریانس جهت تجزیه و تحلیل داده ها استفاده شد. یافته‌ها: پس از آموزش ارتقاء امید به ترتیب در گروه کنترل و آزمایش میانگین نمرات توانمندی های رفتاری در خود نظم دهی 78/3±40/31 و 17/3±75/37، آینده نگری 17/2±10/28 و 86/3±75/37، تواضع و فروتنی 04/2±20/29 و 77/2±65/35 و بخشش 39/2±80/26 و 71/2±10/37 بود (001/0

Vaginal birth after cesarean section: A retrospective study

ABSTRACT Objective: The rising number of women undergoing elective repeat cesarean has been one of the principal reasons for the steady increase in the cesarean delivery rate. This study aim was to assess vaginal birth rates after cesarean (VBAC) in an educational hospital at Khorramabad, Lorestan. Methodology: A retrospective analysis was performed on the obstetric data from medical records of 685 deliveries that underwent cesarean section in their previous delivery. Results: VBAC rate among women with previous cesarean section was 10.4% (71 cases). The most frequent normal vaginal delivery was seen in women with a previous Kerr uterine incision (74.6%) and a history of one previous cesarean (69%). Conclusions: VBAC delivery rate is low in our set up and proper counseling for trial of labor and evaluation of the cases of women with prior cesarean section has been considered a key method of reducing the cesarean section rate. KEY WORDS: Vaginal birth after cesarean, Low segment cesarean section, Trial of labor

An Overview of Angiogenesis and Chemical and Physiological Angiogenic Factors: Short Review

Angiogenesis refers to the formation of new blood vessels from existing ones, which can occur in both physiologic and pathologic conditions. Lack of tissue oxygen is the main stimulator of angiogenesis accompanied by increasing in HIF-1α-(hypoxia-inducible factor-1α) expression as a nuclear transcription factor. Other factors such as VEGF (vascular endothelial growth factor), FGF2 (fibroblast growth factor2), and TGF (transforming growth factor) are involved in angiogenesis, too. To control diabetes and tumoral disease, abnormal angiogenesis inhibition can be useful besides stimulation that can be helpful in cardiovascular disease. In this study, we have reviewed the mechanisms and stimulators of angiogenesis and its influential factors. The most important angiogenic factors are MMP, Ang, FGF, and VEGF. Ang is not directly involved in the process of angiogenesis but sometimes destabilize the arteries. In contrast to angiostatin, endostatin TIMP and TSP1 act as the most important angiostatic factors. Many attempts have been made to identify the mechanisms and factors involved in this process but angiogenic inhibitors that inhibit the growth of cancerous masses or tumors in the body have not yet been adequately investigate

Late clinical events of drug eluting versus bare metal stenting; OPCES' ancillary study

Objective: To compare one year clinical outcomes of patients with chronic stable angina who underwent implantation of bare metal stent (BMS) or drug eluting stent (DES). Methodology: Four hundred forty two (442) participants of OPCES study (Osvix versus Plavix in Cardiovascular Events after Stenting) were included in this sub-study. After evaluation of exclusion criteria (combined DES and BMS stenting (n=31) and incomplete data (n=48) patients were divided in two groups according to selected stent(DES or BMS). Follow-up was conducted by a structured telephone interview after 6 and 12 months. The patients' documents were reviewed by the Study Event Committee in the Isfahan Cardiovascular Research Center to evaluate the occurrence of study endpoints which consisted of clinical success rate and major adverse cardiac events (Major Adverse Cardiac Events (MACE), cardiac death, non-fatal MI, target vessel revascularization and stroke) in hospital, after 6 and 12 months. Results: One hundred sixty six (45.7%) patients were in the DES and 197(54.3%) were in the BMS group. Procedural complications were seen more frequently in the DES group (1.0% vs. 4.8%, P=0.027), the prevalence of the in-hospital MACE, angiographic and clinical success rate were the same between both the groups. There was no significant difference regarding 6 and 12 months MACE rate in patients treated by BMS or DES (6 months: 1.1% vs. 0.6%, p>0.999 12 month: 3.4% vs 2.6%, P = 0.755). Conclusion: Considering the same clinical outcome and the economical parameters, use of the BMS after proper patient selection are recommended

A Comprehensive Review on Diabetes Mellitus and Its Relation to Other Diseases

Introduction: The prevalence of type 1 and type 2 diabetes is rising worldwide. Diabetes is a major health issue across the globe and a cause of microvascular and macrovascular complications, including nephropathy, neuropathy, retinopathy, blindness, and cardiovascular disease. Long-term control of blood glucose is an important and determining factor in the prevention of these complications. Methods: In this review study, the databases such as Scientific Information Database, PubMed, SID, ISI, and Scopus were searched for articles published from 1975 to 2019, with emphasis on the articles published within the past 10 years. The used keywords were diabetes, insulin, oxidative stress, microvascular, and macrovascular as well as the diseases and disorders related to diabetes. Results: Considering diabetes, types of diabetes, and its relationship with the organs, it is possible to estimate some degree of prevention, recovery, and timely treatment of diabetes and its effects on other organs Conclusion: Diabetes mellitus (DM) causes numerous diseases and affects the organs due to hyperglycemia, reduced insulin level or insulin tolerance, increased free radicals, and dysfunction of organs. Delay in the diagnosis of diabetes leads to increased diabetes complications that can be prevented by severe glycemic control

The -super socle of the ring of continuous functions

The concept of λ-super socle of C(X), denoted by Sλ(X) (i.e., the set of elements of C(X) such that the cardinality of their cozerosets are less than λ, where λ is a regular cardinal number with λ≤|X|) is introduced and studied. Using this concept we extend some of the basic results concerning SCF(X), the super socle of C(X) to Sλ(X), where λ≥ℵ0. In particular, we determine spaces X for which SCF(X) and Sλ(X) coincide. The one-point λ-compactification of a discrete space is algebraically characterized via the concept of λ-super socle. In fact we show that X is the one-point λ-compactification of a discrete space Y if and only if Sλ(X) is a regular ideal and Sλ(X)=Ox, for some x∈X.

The lambdalambda-super socle of the ring of continuous functions

The concept of $lambda$-super socle of $C(X)$, denoted by $S_lambda(X)$ (i.e., the set of elements of $C(X)$  such that the cardinality of their cozerosets are  less than $lambda$, where $lambda$  is  a regular cardinal number with  $lambdaleq |X|$)  is introduced and studied. Using this concept we extend some of the basic results concerning $SC_F(X)$, the super socle of $C(X)$ to $S_lambda(X)$, where $lambda geqaleph_0$. In particular, we determine spaces $X$ for which $SC_F(X)$ and $S_lambda(X)$ coincide.  The one-point $lambda$-compactification of a discrete space is algebraically characterized via the concept of  $lambda$-super socle. In fact we show that $X$ is the one-point $lambda$-compactification of a discrete space $Y$ if and only if $S_lambda(X)$ is a regular ideal and $S_lambda(X)=O_x$, for some $xin X$

Erectile Dysfunction as a Predictor of Early Stage of Coronary Artery Disease

Background: Diagnosis of coronary artery disease (CAD) in early stages is vital in decreasing mortality by reducing the risk factors. The aim of this study was to investigate the association between erectile dysfunction (ED) and CAD. Methods: A total of 200 patients were divided into four groups according to their angiography results: Group 1 (G1, n = 59): patients with one-vessel disease (1-VD); Group 2 (G2, n = 40): patients with two-vessel disease (2-VD); Group 3 (G3, n = 50): patients with three-vessel disease (3-VD); and controls (C, n = 51) without any coronary disease. The International Index of Erectile Function (IIEF) was completed for all the patients to assess their sexual function and ED in the last 6 months. Results: Mean age of the participants was 57.69 ± 12.466 years. The prevalence of ED in the CAD patients was significantly higher than that of the controls (75.16% vs. 60.8%; p value = 0.041). There was a significant direct correlation between the number of involved vessels in the CAD patients and ED severity (r: 0.183; p value = 0.010), and the ED rate increased with age. Conclusion: In conclusion, ED severity correlated with the number of involved vessels documented by coronar

Prevalence of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease in patients with coronary artery disease

Background: Several common metabolic risk factors contribute to development of both non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) and coronary artery disease (CAD). The &nbsp;aim was to determine prevalence of NAFLD in patients with CAD. Methods: This prospective study was carried out from December2011 to June2012. All patients with documented diagnosis of CAD with stenosis of one of the main coronary arteries or their branches were included in the study. Ultrasound examination of liver was performed in all patients to diagnose hepatic steatosis. Accordingly the severity of steatosis was graded from 0 (absence of steatosis) to 3 (severe steatosis). Finally, prevalence of NAFLD was determined in the studied patients. Results: Among 170 patients with CAD included in the study, 63 and 17 cases respectively, had grade 1 and grade 2 hepatic steaotosis in ultrasound examination providing prevalence of 47% in studied population.&nbsp; There was no significant differences between patients with NAFLD and those without NAFLD regarding gender (p= 0.12), presence of diabetes mellitus (p=0.27), hyperlipidemia (p=0.21) and hypertension (p=0.87).&nbsp; There was no association between involvement of left anterior descending artery and hepatic steatosis (p=0.87). Conclusions: The present study indicated a high prevalence of NAFLD in patients with documented CAD.</p

Optimization of hospital electronic information system in cardiac care unit: A participatory action research

Background : One of the indices of health care development is the use of HIS, but it is not supporting the nursing process as a scientific method. So, this study was done in order to optimize Hospital Information System (HIS) in cardiac care unit with the approach of “nursing care using scientific method”. Materials and Methods: This study is a part of a participatory action research which was done in CCU of Shahid Madani educational center of Khorramabad in four phases including assessment, planning, implementation and evaluation of change programs in 2010-2012. All individuals who were effective in HIS implementation were chosen as participants (44 people). Data gathering method included: open interview, group concentrated discussion, guiding group sessions and observing checklist of bedside nursing care. Nursing cares in SOAPIE method prepared and put in HIS with cooperation of IT unit, and plans implemented and evaluated. Reflection and sharing were used for accreditation. Data analysis was done by constant comparison method and the Wilcoxon test. Results: By HIS optimization, mean of bedside nursing care in different domains and totally increased from 177.40 to 273.06 (p=0.001). Also, the relationship of nurse with patient and care team improved that resulted in: Patient comfort, trust in received cares, trust in nurse, decrease in complaints and increase in patients and relatives, satisfaction. Conclusion: Optimized use of HIS prepared by easy availability to nursing care standards. It is recommended, by enhancing the HIS capabilities and interdisciplinary communication, safe and scientific cares, and accurate and fast record to be provided by technology