Scale Development and Psychometrics for Parents’ Satisfaction with Developmental Care in Neonatal Intensive Care Unit

How to Cite This Article: Rafiey H, Soleimani F, Torkzahrani Sh, Salavati M, NASIRI M. Scale Development and Psychometrics for Parents’Satisfaction with Developmental Care in Neonatal Intensive Care Unit. Iran J Child Neurol. Autumn 2016; 10(4):16-24.AbstractObjectiveDevelopmental care comprises a wide range of medical and nursing interventions used in the neonatal intensive care unit (NICU) to mitigate and reduce stressors affecting preterm or ill neonates. Because patient satisfaction survey is a valuable quality improvement tool, we aimed to develop and test the psychometric properties of a tool for measuring parent satisfaction of developmental care in the NICU. Materials &MethodsIn this psychometric methodological study, the item pool and initial questionnaire were designed based on a comprehensive literature review and exploring NICU parent satisfaction questionnaires. The validity of the designed questionnaire was determined using face, content (qualitative and quantitative), and construct validity. Exploratory factor analysis was performed using responses from 400 parents of infants hospitalized in the NICUs of 34 hospitals in 2015 in Tehran, Iran. The reliability of the questionnaire was identified using Cronbach’s alpha and stability measures. ResultsThe initial questionnaire was designed with 72 items in five domains. After testing the face validity, 3 items were omitted. The results of validity testing were acceptable. The exploratory factor analysis was performed on 69 items, and 5 factors (care and treatment with 20 items, information with 15 items, hospital facilities with 9 items, parental education with 7 items, and parental participation with 8 items) were extracted. The reliability was supported by high internal consistency (α = 0.92). ConclusionThis questionnaire could be valid and reliable tool for measuring parents’ satisfaction. References1. Prakash B. Patient satisfaction. J Cutan Aesthet Surg 2010;3(3):151-5.2. Ware JE, Snyder MK, Wright WR, Davies AR. Defining and measuring patient satisfaction with medical care. Eval Program Plann 1983;6(3):247-63.3. Miles MS, Burchinal P, Holditch-Davis D, Brunssen S, Wilson SM. Perceptions of stress, worry, and support in Black and White mothers of hospitalized, medically fragile infants.J Pediatr Nurs 2002;17(2):82-8.4. Pinelli J. Effects of family coping and resources on family adjustment and parental stress in the acute phase of the NICU experience. Neonatal Netw 2000;19(6):27-37.5. Butt ML, McGrath JM, Samra HA, Gupta R. An integrative review of parent satisfaction with care provided in the neonatal intensive care unit. J Obstet Gynecol Neonatal Nurs 2013;42(1):105-20.6. 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Psychometric properties of the Persian version of the pain anxiety symptom scale (PASS-20) in chronic non-specific neck pain patients

Objectives: Pain-related anxiety has been linked to avoidance behaviour, maintenance of pain and disability. A valid and reliable tool is required to evaluate pain-related anxiety among Persian speaking adults with chronic non-specific neck pain (CNSNP). This study aimed to evaluate psychometric properties of the Persian pain anxiety symptom scale-20 (PASS-20) according to the consensus-based standards for the selection of health measurement instruments (COSMIN) checklist in Iranian adults with CNSNP. Methods: 198 individuals with CNSNP completed the PASS-20. The factorial structure (confirmatory factor analysis (CFA), exploratory factor analysis (EFA)), test-retest reliability (intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC), standard error of measurement (SEM) and minimal detectable change (MDC)), internal consistency (Cronbach's alpha), and construct validity (convergent and known-group validity) were assessed. The correlation between PASS-20 with pain catastrophizing scale (PCS), Tampa Scale for Kinesiophobia (TSK), neck disability index (NDI), Beck Depression Inventory (BDI), visual analog scale (VAS) (Spearman's rank correlation) were examined. Known-group validity of PASS-20 was evaluated by comparing the difference between the PASS-20 scores of the known groups based on level of disability, pain intensity and gender using non-parametric tests. Results: The CFA showed almost the best fit with the original version. The subscales and total score demonstrated good internal consistency (Cronbach's α: 0.70-0.92) and high test-retest reliability (ICC: 0.94-0.97). PASS-20 had significant moderate correlations with PCS, TSK, NDI, VAS and a significant low correlation with BDI. Regarding known-group validity, the total score of Persian PASS-20 was higher in CNSNP with higher levels of pain and disability and in the female gender. Conclusions: The Persian PASS-20 has acceptable psychometric properties in adults with CNSNP. The results of the factor analysis supported the four-factor structure comparable to the original version. Ethical committee number: 921672004.</p

The Psychometric Properties of the Drug Abuse Screening Test

Background: Substance abuse is a critical problem in most countries, especially in developing ones. Earlydetection is the pre-requisite of early control, for which reliable and valid tools are required. In the presentstudy, we aimed at measuring the psychometric properties of the 10-item Drug Abuse Screening Test (DAST-10)in Iranian individuals.Methods: After translation and back-translation of the questionnaire, 244 adults were recruited from TehranMegacity, Iran, and completed the questionnaires. Participants were recruited by a multistage randomizedcluster sampling method. Reliability was determined by Cronbach’s alpha. Also, construct validity wasevaluated using confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) and exploratory factor analysis (EFA).Findings: The internal consistency using Cronbach's alpha coefficients for the total score of the Persianversion of DAST-10 was 0.93. EFA evoked only one factor for DAST-10. The CFA for 1-factor models forDAST-10 indicated an acceptable fit for the proposed models.Conclusion: The results prove desirable reliability and validity of the Persian version of the DAST which canbe utilized as a screening instrument for drug abuse among Iranian adults

Reliability and Validity of the European Child Environment Questionnaire (ECEQ) in Children and Adolescents with Cerebral Palsy: Persian Version

The aim of this study was to assess the reliability and validity of the Persian version of the European Child Environment Questionnaire (ECEQ) in the Iranian context. In total, 332 parents (20.2% fathers and 79.8% mothers) of children and adolescents with cerebral palsy (CP) with an average age of 12.33 years (min 7.08 to max 18.08) from three provinces in Iran participated in the study. The original version of the questionnaire was translated and back-translated. Confirmatory construct validity was assessed by factor analysis and reliability was evaluated by Cronbach’s alpha (N = 332) and after two weeks’ test–retest reliability (n = 51) using an intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC). Eleven questions were dropped as they did not fit well into domains in the Persian version (p &gt; 0.05). Cronbach’s alpha and intraclass correlation coefficient in all domains and overall were acceptable (higher than 0.70) and significant (p &gt; 0.05). The Persian version of the ECEQ is suitable for assessing the needs and availability of environmental factors and is reliable and valid for children with CP, as reported by their parents

PHYSICAL TREA MENTS Effect of Dual-Tasking on Variability of Spatiotemporal Parameters in Subjects with and without Anterior Cru- ciate Ligament Deficiency Using Linear Dynamics A B S T R A C T

Purpose: The present study aimed to determine the effect of dual-tasking on spatiotemporal characteristics in subjects with and without Anterior Cruciate Ligament Deficiency (ACLD) using linear dynamics. Methods: In this mixed model design study, spatiotemporal parameters were measured in 22 patients with ACLD (25.95±4.69 y) and 22 control subjects (24.32±3.37 y) while they were walking with different levels of gait velocity (high velocity, self-selected velocity, low velocity) in isolation or concurrently with auditory Stroop task. Coefficient of Variation (CV) was used to calculate variability of step length, step time and step width as dependent variables using custommade MATLAB code. Mixed model of analysis of variance and post hoc analyses were used for data analysis. Results: The results showed that interactions of group by gait velocity due to cognitive difficulty were not significant for all mentioned variables (P&gt;0.05). Group Interactions due to cognitive task difficulty were significant only in CV of step width (P=0.05). Interactions of motor task difficulty by cognitive difficulty were significant for CV of step length, step time, and step width in all participants (P&lt;0.05). The main effects of gait velocity in all dependent variables were significant (P&lt;0.05). Conclusion: Results showed that step width variability is a more sensitive measure for detecting interaction of group due to cognitive task difficulty compared to variability of step length and step time. Future studies could test this hypothesis in ACL deficient subjects using different measures

The Ability to Selectively Allocateattentional Demands on Walking During Secondary Cognitive and Motor Tasks in Elderly People With and Without a History of Falls

Objectives: The main goal of this studywas to determine the ability of elderly adults Abstract to selectively allocate attentional demands on walking during secondary motor and cognitive tasks. Methods &&nbsp;Materials: in this prospective three factors mixed design, 33 elderly adultswithout a history of falls and 23 elderly adults with a history of falls were asked to performtimed up and go test (TUG), either alone or simultaneously with secondary cognitive (backward days of week) or motor (transferring coins) tasks under two instructional sets (a) focus primarily on the primary postural task (b) [email protected] e secondary motor or cognitive tasks. Time and number of steps on TUG, cognitive and motor tasks score were videotaped. demographics, Rehabilitation Sciencsmirnov, independent t-test, two nd three way mixed ANOVA fare and were used for analyzing dciences Tehran, Results: using three way ANOVA to complts with Iran. and without a history of falls to measure the flexibility of allocation of attention, reshowed both groups had ability to allocate attention toward primary postural task and non-fallers represented better attention of allocation than fallers. when participants perform secondary motor task, time of TUG increased compared to cognitive task. Conclusion: our study confirmed thw ability to allocate attention toward the primary task but non-fallers have more attention than fallers. it is suggested that inability to allocate attention could be one important factor among others that contribute to balance constraints during gait in fallers. elderly adults sacrifice performance on the secondary task in order to optimize their gait and balance. 1- Department of physical therapy, University of social Welfare and Rehabilitation Sciences Tehran, Iran.&nbsp

The Relationship between Fear of Falling and Level of Education and Living Style in the Elderly

Introduction: This study evaluated the relationship between fear of falling, and the level of education and the living style of Iranian elderly. Materials and Methods: This was a descriptive-analytical study on 191 elderly living in the community and nursing homes. The participants were selected through simple non-probability sampling. The fear of falling, level of education, and living style were determined using a multiple choice questionnaire and the relationship between was studied. The Kruskal-Wallis test and Spearman correlation coefficient were used for statistical analysis. Results: The results of Kruskal-Wallis test showed no significant difference between individuals with different life styles in terms of fear of falling (P = 0.25).The Spearman correlation coefficient also showed no significant relationship between fear of falling and educational level (P = 0.32, r = 0.07). Conclusion: This study results showed that there is no relationship between fear of falling, and education level and living style in Iranian elderly

Attentional Demands of Walking in Athletes with and without Functional Ankle Instability

Objective: By mentioning this fact that the athletes have to be multi-tasking in the field in spite of injury, it seems vital to investigate the attentional demands of walking in these subjects. Materials & Methods: In this cross-sectional and case-control study, sixteen functionally unstable ankle athletes and sixteen healthy matched athletes were selected conveniently. The three factors mixed, dual task study was conducted using Motion Analysis System. Stride time and length, step time, length and width, stance and swing time and also cadence were measured while subjects experiencing 2 walking task difficulties (speed: 2.1 and 3.6 Km/h barefoot walking on a treadmill) and 2 cognitive loadings (with and without backward counting). Data were analyzed by statistical tests such as: Chi-Square, 3-way mixed ANOVA and Independent T-test. Results: 2×2×2 (2 groups, 2walking task difficulties and 2 cognitive loadings) mixed ANOVA showed significant group×condition interaction for stride length. Patients had significantly more increase in stride length without cognitive task than healthy subjects (P=0.03). Also the simple main effect of cadence was significant in the group with functional ankle instability (P=0.049). Conclusion: It seems that FAI is associated with increased attentional demands to dynamic postural control (Walking). Cognitive loading may be considered in any exercise program for FAI patients as an effective strategy

The Reliability of Postural Balance Measures in Single and Dual Tasking in Healthy Elders

Objectives: The present study aimsed to examine the reliability of forceplate parameters under both single and dual task conditions and in different levels of postural difficulty. Methods & Materials: The healthy elderly+65, were assessed with aone-week interval, with a random combination of three levels of postural difficulty (i.e., standing on a rigid surface with eyes open, standing on a rigid surface with eyes closed and standing on a foam with eyesclosed) and two cognitive conditions (standing with/without performing the cognitive task of backward counting). The signals of center of pressure (COP) were recorded and the faceplate parameters were calculated. Intraclass correlation coefficient, standard error of measurement and coefficient of variation for all variables and conditions were alsocalculated. Results: During the single task, the area of COP sway, standard deviation (SD) of amplitude in both directions, and SD of velocity in mediolateral direction showed high to very high reliability in all levels of postural difficulty. During the dual task, the total mean velocity and SD of velocity in both directions showed high to very high reliability in alllevels of postural difficulty. Conclusion: Generally, the protocol used to assess balance in the present study, in both dual and single task conditions, showed a suitablerelative and absolute reliability levels in the elderly