13,475 research outputs found
A statistical analysis of a Galactic all sky survey at 1.4 GHz
Radio surveys at frequencies of about 1 GHz allow to map the synchrotron
emission in a frequency range where (except for very low Galactic latitudes or
towards localized regions) it dominates over the other radio components. New
all sky total intensity and polarization data at 1.4 GHz have been recently
collected. We focus on the Galactic radio emission correlation properties
described in terms of angular power spectrum (APS). We present for the first
time the APS, in both total intensity and polarization modes, for some
representative Galactic cuts and suitable APS power law parametrizations.Comment: Comments: 2 pages, 2 figures; in Astronomische Nachrichten, Vol.327,
Issue 5/6, p.491 (2006); Proceedings of International Conference "The Origin
and Evolution of Cosmic Magnetism", 29 August - 2 September 2005, CNR Area
della Ricerca, Bologna, Italy, eds. R. Beck, G. Brunetti, L. Feretti, and B.
Gaensle
A Multifrequency Analysis of the Polarized Diffuse Galactic Radio Emission at Degree Scales
The polarized diffuse Galactic radio emission, mainly synchrotron emission,
is expected to be one of the most relevant source of astrophysical
contamination at low and moderate multipoles in cosmic microwave background
polarization anisotropy experiments at frequencies lower then 50 to 100 GHz. We
present here preliminary results based on a recent analysis of the Leiden
surveys covering about 50% of the sky at low as well as at middle and high
Galactic latitudes. By implementing specific interpolation methods to deal with
these data, which show a large variation of the sampling across the sky, we
produce maps of the polarized diffuse Galactic synchrotron component at
frequencies between 408 and 1411 MHz with pixel sizes larger or equal to about
0.92 degrees. We derive the angular power spectrum of this component for the
whole covered region and for three patches in the sky significantly oversampled
with respect to the average and at different Galactic latitudes. We find
multipole spectral indices typically ranging between about -3 and about -1,
according to the considered frequency and sky region. At frequencies higher or
equal to 610 MHz, the frequency spectral indices observed in the considered sky
regions are about -3.5, compatible with an intrinsic frequency spectral index
of about -5.8 and a depolarization due to Faraday rotation with a rotation
measure RM of about 15 radians per square meter. This implies that the observed
angular power spectrum of the polarized signal is about 85% or 20% of the
intrinsic one at 1411 MHz or 820 MHz respectively.Comment: 6 pages, 5 figures. to appear in S.Cecchini et al., Astrophysical
Polarized Backgrounds, AIP Conf. Proceeding
The Unofficial Economy and Economic Development
macroeconomics, economy, economic development, formal firms, informal firms, finance
Complexity in cancer stem cells and tumor evolution: towards precision medicine
In this review, we discuss recent advances on the plasticity of cancer stem
cells and highlight their relevance to understand the metastatic process and to
guide therapeutic interventions. Recent results suggest that the strict
hierarchical structure of cancer cell populations advocated by the cancer stem
cell model must be reconsidered since the depletion of cancer stem cells leads
the other tumor cells to switch back into the cancer stem cell phenotype. This
plasticity has important implications for metastasis since migrating cells do
not need to be cancer stem cells in order to seed a metastasis. We also discuss
the important role of the immune system and the microenvironment in modulating
phenotypic switching and suggest possible avenues to exploit our understanding
of this process to develop an effective strategy for precision medicine.Comment: 2 Figures, to appear in Seminars in Cancer Biology, Available online
23 February 201
Self-Adaptive resource allocation for event monitoring with uncertainty in Sensor Networks
Event monitoring is an important application of sensor networks. Multiple parties, with different surveillance targets, can share the same network, with limited sensing resources, to monitor their events of interest simultaneously.
Such a system achieves profit by allocating sensing resources to missions to collect event related information (e.g., videos, photos, electromagnetic signals). We address the problem of dynamically
assigning resources to missions so as to achieve maximum profit with uncertainty in event occurrence. We consider timevarying resource demands and profits, and multiple concurrent surveillance missions. We model each mission as a sequence of monitoring attempts, each being allocated with a certain amount of resources, on a specific set of events that occurs as a
Markov process. We propose a Self-Adaptive Resource Allocation algorithm (SARA) to adaptively and efficiently allocate resources according to the results of previous observations. By means of simulations we compare SARA to previous solutions and show SARA’s potential in finding higher profit in both static and dynamic scenarios
Power adjustment and scheduling in OFDMA femtocell networks
Densely-deployed femtocell networks are used to enhance wireless coverage in public spaces like office buildings, subways, and academic buildings. These networks can increase throughput for users, but edge users can suffer from co-channel interference, leading to service outages. This paper introduces a distributed algorithm for network configuration, called Radius Reduction and Scheduling (RRS), to improve the performance and fairness of the network. RRS determines cell sizes using a Voronoi-Laguerre framework, then schedules users using a scheduling algorithm that includes vacancy requests to increase fairness in dense femtocell networks. We prove that our algorithm always terminate in a finite time, producing a configuration that guarantees user or area coverage. Simulation results show a decrease in outage probability of up to 50%, as well as an increase in Jain's fairness index of almost 200%
Progressive damage assessment and network recovery after massive failures
After a massive scale failure, the assessment of damages to communication networks requires local interventions and remote monitoring. While previous works on network recovery require complete knowledge of damage extent, we address the problem of damage assessment and critical service restoration in a joint manner. We propose a polynomial algorithm called Centrality based Damage Assessment and Recovery (CeDAR) which performs a joint activity of failure monitoring and restoration of network components. CeDAR works under limited availability of recovery resources and optimizes service recovery over time. We modified two existing approaches to the problem of network recovery to make them also able to exploit incremental knowledge of the failure extent. Through simulations we show that CeDAR outperforms the previous approaches in terms of recovery resource utilization and accumulative flow over time of the critical service
Energy-Efficient selective activation in Femtocell Networks
Provisioning the capacity of wireless networks is difficult when peak load is significantly higher than average load, for example, in public spaces like airports or train stations. Service providers can use femtocells and small cells to increase local capacity, but deploying enough femtocells to serve peak loads requires a large number of femtocells that will remain idle most of the time, which wastes a significant amount of power.
To reduce the energy consumption of over-provisioned femtocell networks, we formulate a femtocell selective activation problem, which we formalize as an integer nonlinear optimization problem. Then we introduce GREENFEMTO, a distributed femtocell selective activation algorithm that deactivates idle femtocells to
save power and activates them on-the-fly as the number of users increases. We prove that GREENFEMTO converges to a locally Pareto optimal solution and demonstrate its performance using extensive simulations of an LTE wireless system. Overall, we find that GREENFEMTO requires up to 55% fewer femtocells to serve a given user load, relative to an existing femtocell power-saving procedure, and comes within 15% of a globally optimal solution
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