3 research outputs found

    Vaccine response in hematopoietic stem cell transplantation at the Clinical Hospital of the Faculty of Medicine of Ribeir茫o Preto

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    Introdu莽茫o: Nos pacientes que realizam transplante de c茅lulas-tronco hematopoi茅ticas (TCTH), a morbilidade e a mortalidade est茫o frequentemente relacionadas com doen莽as infecciosas, muitas delas pass铆veis de preven莽茫o imunol贸gica. Rotineiramente, esquemas de revacina莽茫o s茫o aplicados ap贸s o transplante, por茅m seu potencial imunog锚nico nesses pacientes 茅 pouco conhecido. O presente estudo visa avaliar a resposta imunol贸gica de pacientes submetidos a TCTH a vacinas inativadas e vivas atenuadas. Metodologia: Trata-se de um estudo longitudinal, prospectivo, com coleta de dados cl铆nicos e amostras de sangue de pacientes em seguimento p贸s-transplante aut贸logo ou alog锚nico, para tratamento de leucemias, fal锚ncias medulares, doen莽as autoimunes e hemoglobinopatias. Dois grupos de pacientes foram avaliados de janeiro de 2018 at茅 dezembro de 2020. No grupo A avaliou-se a resposta vacinal para difteria, t茅tano e pertussis aos 6 meses p贸s-transplante (pr茅vacina莽茫o), e aos 12 meses p贸s-transplante (p贸s-vacina莽茫o); e no grupo B avaliou-se a resposta vacinal ao sarampo aos 24 meses p贸s-transplante (pr茅-vacina莽茫o) e aos 30 meses p贸stransplante (p贸s-vacina莽茫o). Os grupos foram analisados quanto 脿 resposta vacinal, definida atrav茅s de t铆tulos de anticorpos espec铆ficos contra as vacinas, antes e ap贸s a imuniza莽茫o. Os resultados foram correlacionados com caracter铆sticas cl铆nicas dos pacientes e dos transplantes. Resultados: Em nosso estudo, identificamos que a vacina dTpa provoca uma adequada resposta vacinal contra difteria e t茅tano em pacientes p贸s-transplante de c茅lulas-tronco hematopoi茅ticas. Por茅m, uma propor莽茫o importante de pacientes n茫o atingiu n铆veis adequados para garantir prote莽茫o de longo prazo. Al茅m disso, a resposta vacinal contra a pertussis mostrou-se deficiente. Tamb茅m identificamos uma melhor resposta vacinal contra difteria nas crian莽as do que nos adultos, resultado que precisa ser comprovado por estudos com maior n煤mero de pacientes, mas que demonstra especificidades do sistema imunol贸gico infantil. Com rela莽茫o 脿 imuniza莽茫o contra o sarampo, metade do grupo respondeu, por茅m com um n煤mero muito pequeno de pacientes para definir se houve resposta adequada 脿 vacina莽茫o. Fatores como o tipo de transplante, regime de condicionamento, e uso de globulina anti-timoc铆tica n茫o influenciaram a resposta vacinal em nenhum dos grupos. Conclus玫es: Consideramos importantes os achados do nosso estudo com rela莽茫o 脿 resposta vacinal no p贸s-transplante de c茅lulas-tronco hematopoi茅ticas no Brasil. Acreditamos que novos estudos poder茫o dar continuidade a esses achados iniciais, contribuindo para melhorar e padronizar a assist锚ncia vacinal aos pacientes transplantados. Os transplantes s茫o uma 谩rea da sa煤de em franco progresso, com cada vez maior sobrevida do paciente transplantado, portanto torna-se importante garantir a adequada prote莽茫o contra infec莽玫es.Background: in hematopoietic stem cell transplantation, morbidity and mortality are largely related to infectious diseases, many of them subject to immunological prevention. Routinely, revaccination regimens are applied after transplantation, although their immunogenic potential in patients is poorly evaluated. The present study aims to evaluate the immune response to inactivated and live vaccines in patients treated with hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT). Methodology: This is a prospective, longitudinal study, including patients that underwent autologous or allogeneic post-transplantation for the treatment of leukemias, bone marrow failure, autoimmune diseases, and hemoglobinopathies. Patients were recruited from January 2018 to December 2020 and were divided into two groups. Group A was evaluated for vaccine responses to diphtheria, tetanus and pertussis at 6 months after transplant (pre-vaccination), and at 12 months after transplant (post-vaccination). Group B was evaluated for vaccine responses to measles at 24 months post-transplant (pre-vaccination), and 30 months after transplant (postvaccination). Vaccine response was determined according to specific anti-vaccine antibody titers, before and after immunizations. The results were correlated with patients and transplant characteristics. Results: In our study we identified that the dTpa vaccine induced an adequate vaccine response for diphtheria and tetanus in patients after HSCT. However, an important proportion of patients did not meet long-term protection antibody levels. In addition, the vaccine response to pertussis immunization was insufficient to warrant protection. We also identified better vaccine responses against diphtheria in children than in adults. While these results should be confirmed by studies with a larger number of patients, they show how the child\'s immune system has specificities. Regarding the measles response, half of the group responded, but with few patients to define an adequate response to vaccination. Type of transplant, conditioning regimen, and use of anti-thymocyte globulin did not affect responses to vaccination. Conclusions: This is an important study that evaluated vaccine responses after HSCT in Brazil. Further studies can help to improve and standardize the vaccination in the post-transplantation setting. Transplants are an area of health in full progress and increasing importance. As survival of the transplanted patient increases, it becomes essential to ensure adequate protection against infections

    Treatment of multisystem inflammatory syndrome in children

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    BACKGROUND: Evidence is urgently needed to support treatment decisions for children with multisystem inflammatory syndrome (MIS-C) associated with severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2.METHODS: We performed an international observational cohort study of clinical and outcome data regarding suspected MIS-C that had been uploaded by physicians onto a Web-based database. We used inverse-probability weighting and generalized linear models to evaluate intravenous immune globulin (IVIG) as a reference, as compared with IVIG plus glucocorticoids and glucocorticoids alone. There were two primary outcomes: the first was a composite of inotropic support or mechanical ventilation by day 2 or later or death; the second was a reduction in disease severity on an ordinal scale by day 2. Secondary outcomes included treatment escalation and the time until a reduction in organ failure and inflammation.RESULTS: Data were available regarding the course of treatment for 614 children from 32 countries from June 2020 through February 2021; 490 met the World Health Organization criteria for MIS-C. Of the 614 children with suspected MIS-C, 246 received primary treatment with IVIG alone, 208 with IVIG plus glucocorticoids, and 99 with glucocorticoids alone; 22 children received other treatment combinations, including biologic agents, and 39 received no immunomodulatory therapy. Receipt of inotropic or ventilatory support or death occurred in 56 patients who received IVIG plus glucocorticoids (adjusted odds ratio for the comparison with IVIG alone, 0.77; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.33 to 1.82) and in 17 patients who received glucocorticoids alone (adjusted odds ratio, 0.54; 95% CI, 0.22 to 1.33). The adjusted odds ratios for a reduction in disease severity were similar in the two groups, as compared with IVIG alone (0.90 for IVIG plus glucocorticoids and 0.93 for glucocorticoids alone). The time until a reduction in disease severity was similar in the three groups.CONCLUSIONS: We found no evidence that recovery from MIS-C differed after primary treatment with IVIG alone, IVIG plus glucocorticoids, or glucocorticoids alone, although significant differences may emerge as more data accrue. (Funded by the European Union's Horizon 2020 Program and others; BATS ISRCTN number, ISRCTN69546370.).</p
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