The short time effect of spirulina supplementation on some oxidative stress markers of elite endurance cyclist

Background and aims: The aim of this study was to investigate short time effect of spirulina supplementation on serum malondialdehyde (MDA) and superoxide dismutase (SOD) level. Methods: The study design was quasi experimental with pre and post-test. For this reason, 14 male endurance cyclist (age 20.5±1.4, height 180.21±4.33, weight 66.4±2.16, BMI 20.22±0.7, VO2Max 71.78±2.93) that they are/were member of Iran national team were selected as participant. 1 week before test, Participants were asked to stop all supplements consumption containing vitamins and minerals which they have been using. Resting Blood sample were taken of fasting, for assessing research variable at least 18 hours after last their training session. After exhaustive exercise and body composition assessment at pretest, participates were derived into 2 groups, based on BMI (Spirulina group n=7, control group n=7). Participants used supplements in same way and same principle (6×500mg tablet per day) for 2 weeks. After 2 weeks supplementation, blood sample was taken for resting value of MDA and SOD. Results: Between and within groups analysis demonstrated significant increase in SOD and MDA levels under effect of exercise and 2 weeks spirulina supplementation reduced and increased significantly MDA levels (P<0.05) and SOD levels (P<0.05) at rest and after exhaustive exercise- in Spirulina group in comparison with placebo group. Conclusion: According to results, 2 weeks of spirulina supplementation can reduce oxidative stress in elite endurance cyclist

The short time effect of spirulina supplementation on some oxidative stress markers of elite endurance cyclist

Background and aims: The aim of this study was to investigate short time effect of spirulina supplementation on serum malondialdehyde (MDA) and superoxide dismutase (SOD) level. Methods: The study design was quasi experimental with pre and post-test. For this reason, 14 male endurance cyclist (age 20.5±1.4, height 180.21±4.33, weight 66.4±2.16, BMI 20.22±0.7, VO2Max 71.78±2.93) that they are/were member of Iran national team were selected as participant. 1 week before test, Participants were asked to stop all supplements consumption containing vitamins and minerals which they have been using. Resting Blood sample were taken of fasting, for assessing research variable at least 18 hours after last their training session. After exhaustive exercise and body composition assessment at pretest, participates were derived into 2 groups, based on BMI (Spirulina group n=7, control group n=7). Participants used supplements in same way and same principle (6×500mg tablet per day) for 2 weeks. After 2 weeks supplementation, blood sample was taken for resting value of MDA and SOD. Results: Between and within groups analysis demonstrated significant increase in SOD and MDA levels under effect of exercise and 2 weeks spirulina supplementation reduced and increased significantly MDA levels (P<0.05) and SOD levels (P<0.05) at rest and after exhaustive exercise- in Spirulina group in comparison with placebo group. Conclusion: According to results, 2 weeks of spirulina supplementation can reduce oxidative stress in elite endurance cyclist

The Effect Of Eight Week Continuous Training On Expression Of Mir29mRNA, In Healthy Male Rat’s Cardiac Muscle

مقدمه: هدف از مطالعه حاضر بررسی تاثیر هشت هفته تمرین تداومی شدید بر بیان ژن&zwnj;های خانواده miR29 در قلب رت&zwnj;های نر سالم بود. روش&zwnj;شناسی: 12 سر موش صحرایی نر نژاد ویستار با شرایط وزنی و سنی مشابه انتخاب و به طور تصادفی به دو گروه تمرین استقامتی تداومی و کنترل (6=n) تقسیم شدند. پروتکل تمرینی به مدت هشت هفته، هفته&zwnj;ای پنج جلسه و هر جلسه 30 دقیقه با شدت 75-70 درصد حداکثر اکسیژن مصرفی اجرا شد. معدوم کردن حیوانات و جداسازی بافت 24 ساعت پس از آخرین جلسه تمرینی صورت گرفت. تغییرات بیان ژن&zwnj;های miR29 با استفاده از تکنیک quantitave RT-PCR آنالیز شد و میزان بیان ژن&zwnj;های miR29 با استفاده از روش∆∆CT-2 محاسبه شد. معنادار بودن متغییرها بین گروه&zwnj;های تحقیق با استفاده از آزمون آماری t مستقل بررسی شد. یافته&zwnj;ها: بیان ژن miR29a,c و miR29b در گروه تمرین استقامتی تداومی نسبت به گروه کنترل به ترتیب افزایش معنی&zwnj;دار (001.0P=) و کاهش غیر معنی&zwnj;داری (416.0P=) داشت. نتیجه&zwnj;گیری: تمرین استقامتی تداومی سبب القا هایپرتروفی فیزیولوژیک در قلب گروه تمرینی و افزایش معناداری در میزان بیان miR29a,c می&zwnj;شود، از آنجایی که این افزایش منجر به کاهش معناداری در بیان ایزوفرم&zwnj;های کلاژن می&zwnj;شود، می&zwnj;توان نتیجه گرفت که افزایش miR29a,c در هایپرتروفی فیزیولوژیک ناشی از تمرین استقامتی به طور مستقیم در تنظیم ماتریکس خارج سلولی و کامپلیانس بطنی نقش دارد

Comparison of Two High-Intensity Interval Training (HIIT) For Two Weeks on Fat Oxidation, Body Fat Percentage and VO2max in Overweight Young Males

Background and Objectives: The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of 6 sessions of High Intensity Interval Training (HIIT) on fat oxidation, VO2max and body fat percentage in sedentary overweight young males. Materials and Methods: Overall, 16 inactive young males voluntarily participated in this study and were randomly divided to 2 Groups: Group A (HIIT-1) and Group B (HIIT-2). Two groups performed 3 HIIT sessions per week for 2 weeks. Group A (4 × 1 min /4 min R) and Group B (4×30s /2 min R) performed maximal sprint running within a 20 m area. Respiratory gas was collected 24 hours before and after the exercise protocol in a fasting state. Independent t test and paired t test were applied using the SPSS-18 software to analyze the data. Results: Statistical analysis showed that 6 sessions of HIIT led to an increase of 43% of fatty oxidation in Group A during the exercise test; these changes were significant compared to Group B (P <0.05). Changes in weight and body fat were significant in group A (P <0.05). Also, results showed a significant increase in VO2max in Group A (5.19%) and Group B (4%). Conclusions: According to the results of this study, it appears that 6 sessions of HIIT led to improvement of fatty oxidation and store glycogen. In conclusion, it appears that HIIT, in addition to reducing body fat and increasing aerobic fitness, is a time efficient means for decreasing weight and improving oxidation capacity in sedentary overweight young males

Investigating the Effect of Vitamin D and Calcium Supplementation Along With High-intensity Circuit Training on Lipid Profile and Body Fat in Overweight Elderly

Aims Lifestyle changes, such as dietary modifications and exercise, are highly recommended for managing dyslipidemia. This study aims to investigate the combined effects of high-intensity circuit training along with vitamin D and calcium supplementation on body fat and plasma lipid profiles in overweight elderly. Methods & Materials A total of 47 elderly subjects were randomly divided into 4 groups based on their body mass index as follows: Vitamin D and calcium supplementation+high-intensity circuit training group (D+Ca+T: n=12); high-intensity circuit training+placebo (T+P: n=13); vitamin D and calcium supplementation (D+Ca: n=12); and control group (CON: n=10). The subjects in the D+Ca group respectively received vitamin D and Ca supplements at 50 000 IU per week and 1000 mg per day for 8 weeks. Meanwhile, the subjects in training groups exercised 3 times per week for 8 weeks. The subjects in the D+Ca+T group participated in both treatments. The control group was instructed to maintain their regular daily routine throughout the study period. Body fat and blood lipid levels were assessed at the beginning of the study and after the 8-week intervention.  Findings The D+Ca+T, T+P, and D+Ca groups exhibited significant reductions in body fat percentage (P≤0.05), while no significant changes were observed in the control group. Additionally, total cholesterol, triglycerides, High-density lipoprotein cholesterol, and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol significantly improved in the D+Ca+T, T+P, and D+Ca groups (P≤0.05), with no significant changes observed in these variables in the control group. Conclusion The results showed that high-intensity circuit training, vitamin D, and calcium supplementation would positively affect body fat and blood lipid profiles in overweight elderly. Moreover, vitamin D and calcium supplementation were especially effective when combined with exercise training

Effect of eight weeks high-fat diet with endurance training on plasma levels of Amylin in male Wistar rats

Background: Amylin is a polypeptide hormone prevents weight gain and obesity by loss of appetite. Therefore, the purpose of this study was the effect of eight weeks high-fat diet with endurance training on body weight and plasma levels of amylin in male wistar rats. Materials and Methods: In this experimental study, 24 young male Wistar rats were divided into three groups (n=8) includes control (C), high fat diet + training (ET+HFD) and high fat diet (HFD) groups in age range 50 to 60 days and average weight 160&plusmn;10 g. The (ET+HFD) group rats run on treadmill without slope by 5 day/week, per session 20-63 min, 15-30 m/min velocity for eight weeks and they used a high fat diet. The control group used for initial sampling and high fat diet (HFD) group no train. High fat diet was included 60% fat, 24% CHO and 16% protein available two groups; C and ET. Blood sampling was conducted after latest training session with 12h fasting. The amylin concentration was measured by Cusabio Biotech elisa kit. The collected data were analyzed using the ANOVA and Tukey Post-Hoc tests (P<0/05). Results: There were no significant difference between amylin levels in (ET+HFD) and (HFD) groups compared to control (C) group (p=0/25, p=0/867). The reduction of amylin concentration was no significant in (ET+HFD) group than HFD group (p=0/543). The rats' body weight were higher significantly in ET+HFD and HFD than control group (p<0/0001). No difference significant appears between body weight in ET+HFD and HFD group rats (p=0/795). Conclusion: It seems that high fat diet for eight weeks with and without endurance exercise training does not change plasma level of amylin concentration in rats. However, high fat diet increase rats body weight and eight weeks endurance training was not able to reduce body weight in high fat diet-fed rats

Association of Age with the Expression of Denervation Marker in the Neuromuscular Junction of Male Wistar Rats

Background and Objectives: One of the major problems during aging is sarcopenia, which one of its important involved mechanisms is loss of motor neurons. The aim of this study was to investigate the association of age with the expression of denervation marker in the neuromuscular junction of male Wistar rats.   Methods: In this study, 7 young adult male rats of 4 to 6 months of age and 7 old male rats of 24 to 26 months of age, were tested. after a two-week familiarization period, the soleus and plantaris muscles of the rats were removed, embedded, and subjected to immunohistochemically staining to determine the neuromuscular junction site and neural cell adhesion molecule (NCAM) expression rate. The results were analyzed by analysis of variance at the significant level of p ≤ 0.01.   Results: The results showed that the expression of NCAM was significantly higher in the aged group compared to the young adult group, and in both groups, the expression rate of this protein in the fast plantaris muscle was more than slow soleus muscle.   Conclusion: With age, the peripheral nerve degradation process occurs in both slow contraction muscles and fast contraction muscles, but the severity of this denervation is higher in the fast contraction muscles compared to the slow contraction muscles

The Effects of Whole Body Vibration Training and Creatine Supplementation on Lower Extremity Performance and Balance in Elderly Males

Objectives: The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of whole body vibration training (WBVT) and creatine (Cr) supplementation on lower extremity performance and balance in elderly males. Methods & Materials: In this semi-experimental study, twenty two eligible males from the members of an elderly daycare center with more than 60 years of age were enrolled and were divided into three groups randomly, WBVT+Cr(n=7), WBVT+Pgroup (n=7), and control group (n=8). In WBVT+Cr and WBVT+P groups exercises were performed on the whole body vibration device for 10 days with 30-35 Hz intensity and 5 mm amplitude. The WBVT+Cr group consumed 20g/day Crsupplement for the first 5 days followed by 5g/days for the next 5 days of protocol. The WBVT+P group consumed dexterous. The control group neither did any exercise nor consumed any supplement during the protocol. Static balance by standing time on one leg, dynamic balance by TUG test and lower extremity performance by 30-meter walking test, sit and stand test and tandem gait test weremeasured. Paired sample t-test and one way ANOVAwere used for data analysis (&alpha;=0.05). Results: Our results showed that dynamic balance, lower body performance in 30- meter walking and tandem gait improved in experimental groups. However, ANOVA did not show any significant increase in static balance (P=0.514), dynamic balance (P=0.153), lower body performance in 30-meter walking test (P=0.339), sit and stand test (P=0.578) and tandem gait (P=0.151). Conclusion: In conclusion, it seems that WBVT plus Cr supplementation improves some of the motor fitness factors in elderly males during a short time