1,085 research outputs found
Energy Demand in Pakistan: A Disaggregate Analysis
This study examines the demand for energy at disaggregate level (gas, electricity and coal) for Pakistan over the period 1972-2007. Over main results suggest that electricity and coal consumption responds positively to changes in real income per capita and negatively to changes in domestic price level. The gas consumption responds negatively to real income and price changes in the shortrun, however, in the long-run real income exerts positive effect on gas consumption, while domestic price remains insignificant. Furthermore, in the short-run the average elasticities of price and real income for gas consumption (in absolute terms) are greater than that of electricity and coal consumption. The differences in elasticities of each component of energy have significant policy implications for income and revenue generation.Energy Demand, Cointegration, Pakistan
Energy Demand in Pakistan: A Disaggregate Analysis
This study examines the demand for energy at disaggregate level (gas, electricity and coal) for Pakistan over the period 1972-2007. Over main results suggest that electricity and coal consumption responds positively to changes in real income per capita and negatively to changes in domestic price level. The gas consumption responds negatively to real income and price changes in the short-run, however, in the long-run real income exerts positive effect on gas consumption, while domestic price remains insignificant. Furthermore, in the short-run the average elasticities of price and real income for gas consumption (in absolute terms) are greater than that of electricity and coal consumption. The differences in elasticities of each component of energy have significant policy implications for income and revenue generation.Energy Demand, Disaggregate Analysis, Cointegration
Energy Demand in Pakistan: A Disaggregate Analysis
This study examines the demand for energy at disaggregate level (gas, electricity and coal) for Pakistan over the period 1972-2007. Over main results suggest that electricity and coal consumption responds positively to changes in real income per capita and negatively to changes in domestic price level. The gas consumption responds negatively to real income and price changes in the shortrun, however, in the long-run real income exerts positive effect on gas consumption, while domestic price remains insignificant. Furthermore, in the short-run the average elasticities of price and real income for gas consumption (in absolute terms) are greater than that of electricity and coal consumption. The differences in elasticities of each component of energy have significant policy implications for income and revenue generation.Pakistan, Energy Demand
Technique detection software for Sparse Matrices
Sparse storage formats are techniques for storing and processing the sparse matrix data efficiently. The performance of these storage formats depend upon the distribution of non-zeros, within the matrix in different dimensions. In order to have better results we need a technique that suits best the organization of data in a particular matrix. So the decision of selecting a better technique is the main step towards improving the system's results otherwise the efficiency can be decreased. The purpose of this research is to help identify the best storage format in case of reduced storage size and high processing efficiency for a sparse matrix
A study of the GAM approach to solve laminar boundary layer equations in the presence of a wedge
We apply an easy and simple technique, the generalized ap- proximation method (GAM) to investigate the temperature field associated with the Falkner-Skan boundary-layer problem. The nonlinear partial differ- ential equations are transformed to nonlinear ordinary differential equations using the similarity transformations. An iterative scheme for the non-linear ordinary differential equations associated with the velocity and temperature profiles are developed via GAM. Numerical results for the dimensionless ve- locity and temperature profiles of the wedge flow are presented graphically for different values of the wedge angle and Prandtl number
Energy Demand in Pakistan: A Disaggregate Analysis
Energy is considered to be the life line of an economy, the
most vital instrument of socioeconomic development and has been
recognised as one of the most important strategic commodities [Sahir and
Qureshi (2007)]. Energy is not only essential for the economy but its
supply is uncertain [Zaleski (2001)]. Energy is a strategic source that
influenced the outcomes of wars, fueled and strangled economic
development and polluted as well as clean up the environment. In the era
of globalisation, a rapidly increasing demand for energy and dependency
of countries on energy indicate that energy will be one of the biggest
problems in the world in the next century. This requires for alternative
and renewable sources of energy. Traditional growth theories focus much
on the labour and capital as major factor of production and ignore the
importance of energy in the growth process [Stern and Cleveland (2004)].
The neo-classical production theories stresses that economic growth
increases with the increases in labour, capital and technology. Today
energy is indispensable factor and plays an important role in the
consumption as well as production process.1 Research suggests that
energy plays an important role as compared to other variables included
in the production and consumption function for countries which are at
intermediate stages of economic development [IEA (2005)]. When we
examine disaggregating components of energy demand, it is seen that
electricity is the highest quality energy component and its share in
energy consumption increases rapidly. Natural gas, petroleum and coal
follow electricity respectively
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