Binary immobilization: a newer approach for immobilizing lipase from a thermophilic sp. of Thermomyces lanuginosus

358-362We report binary immobilization of Thermomyces lanuginosus lipase enzyme using chitosan as the support. This method of enzyme immobilization is better than cross-linked enzyme aggregate (CLEA) in terms of better enzyme recovery and separation. This method of immobilization resulted in an increase in the thermostability of the binary immobilized lipase as against the crude free enzyme. This preparation could be used for nearly 15 consecutive cycles with 80-100% efficiency. Reusability of the immobilized enzyme makes it an economical alternative to the traditional way. Immobilized lipases in particular are a modern catalytic tool for various industrially significant reactions and applications

Oleaginous potential of indigenously isolated fresh water microalgae for biofuel production

Fresh water samples from six perennial rain fed reservoirs were collected for isolation of microalgae by enrichment method. Eighteen isolates belonging to cyanophyta and chlorophyta were obtained after 15 days of incubation in BG-11 medium under 16: 8 light and dark cycle at room temperature. Upon evaluation of oleaginous potential for future application in biodiesel synthesis, only three isolates BV3 (Nostoc sp.), BV4 (Nostoc sp.) and BV14 (Cyanobacteria) were selected. Lipid production, growth profile and lipid characteristic were also studied for the three isolates. The lipid content of the isolates BV 3, BV4 and BV14 were found to be 12.306 ± 1.313, 17.309 ± 2.129 and 26.567 ± 3.582% DW, respectively and lipid productivity recorded were 0.159 ± 0.011, 0.106 ± 0.007 and 0.046 ± 0.004 g L−1d−1, respectively. The specific growth rate was also determined for BV3 (0.177 d−1), BV4 (0.233 d−1) and BV14 (0.183 d−1). Analysis of lipid further revealed the presence of neutral lipids and saturated short chain alkanes

Binary immobilization: a newer approach for immobilizing lipase from a thermophilic sp. of Thermomyces lanuginosus

We report binary immobilization of Thermomyces lanuginosus lipase enzyme using chitosan as the support. This method of enzyme immobilization is better than cross-linked enzyme aggregate (CLEA) in terms of better enzyme recovery and separation. This method of immobilization resulted in an increase in the thermostability of the binary immobilized lipase as against the crude free enzyme. This preparation could be used for nearly 15 consecutive cycles with 80-100% efficiency. Reusability of the immobilized enzyme makes it an economical alternative to the traditional way. Immobilized lipases in particular are a modern catalytic tool for various industrially significant reactions and applications

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Not AvailableCumin wilt caused by Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. cumini is one of the most destructive diseases responsible for causing even up to 60 per cent yield losses in cumin belt of India. Due to the soil inhabiting and seed borne nature with aggressive sporulation ability of the pathogen, sustainable and effective management of this disease using cultural practices and chemical methods is tedious. However, the uses of resistant varieties as well as novel biocontrol agents offer more economic and environmental friendly method of management which can be integrated with regulated chemical methods to achieve maximum disease suppression. Therefore, in the present study Trichoderma spp. isolated from banana rhizosphere of wilt suppressive and salt affected soils of Uttar Pradesh were characterized using morphological and molecular methods. The isolates were evaluated for their antagonistic potential against the pathogen F. oxysporum f. sp. cumini through dual culture assay. Out of 21 Trichoderma isolates screened, three isolates viz., CSR-T-2, CSR-T-3 and CSR-T-4 showed significant inhibition of F. oxysporum f. sp. cumini with 62.65, 79.85 and 84.31 per cent inhibition, respectively. The three promising isolates were characterized morphologically on the basis of their colony characters on different culture media as well as microconidia size, setae, colour, hyphae, chlamydospores etc. The molecular identification for confirmation of. sp.cies status of these isolates were done by sequencing ribosomal RNA using ITS1 and ITS4 universal primers. The 3 isolates viz., CSR-T-2, CSR-T-3 and CSR-T-4 were identified as T. koningiopsis (KJ812401), T. reesei (MH997668) and T. asperellum (MN227242), respectively. In the present study the isolate CSR-T-4 identified as T. asperellum was found to be best in inhibiting the mycelia growth of cumin wilt pathogen under in-vitro conditions and thus can be further exploited for the biological management of cumin wilt under field conditions in form of bioformulation.Not Availabl

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Fusarium oxysporum f.sp. cubense Tropical Race 4 (FOC TR4), is one of the newly emerged dreaded pathogens of banana with an established global presence. Fungicides have not been effective in controlling the disease. There are very few effective antagonistic microbes reported for the biological management of this pathogen. In the present study, suppressive soil was selected for isolation of potential biocontrol plant growth-promoting bacteria. The bacterial strain CSR-D4 Bacillus licheniformis was identified with significant antagonistic attributes and plant growth-promoting properties. This strain exhibited a high inhibition percentage (77.59%) against the FOC TR4 pathogen in the dual plate assay. Further, the bioactive metabolite of the strain conferring biocontrol of FOC-TR4 was also identified through the Liquid Chromatography-Mass Spectrophotometry technique. Our analysis revealed the presence of many antifungal metabolites in the isolate CSR-D4, the majority of which were identified as iturin, fengycin, surfactin, and bacillomycin. These results indicated the involvement of metabolites in the antifungal activity of the strain CSR-D4 against FOC TR4. During sick-pots studies taken with susceptible Cavendish banana cultivar Grand Naine, application of B. licheniformis CSR-D4 showed a significant reduction in the disease incidence percentage (10%). B. licheniformis CSR-D4 treated plants also showed enhanced activity of defense-related enzymes such as β-1,3 glucanase, peroxidase, chitinase, polyphenol oxidase, and phenyl-alanine ammonium lyase compared to FOC TR4 alone treated plants that suggest the occurrence of induced host tolerance in Bacillus licheniformis CSR-D4 treated plants. Our results suggest the antagonistic potential of rhizobacterium Bacillus licheniformis CSR-D4 strain through secreted metabolites mediated the effective biocontrol of Fusarium oxysporum f.sp. cubense Tropical Race 4.Not Availabl

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Green Energy Storage Solutions: A Research

One of the key elements of decarbonizing global energy networks and integrating renewable energy sources is green energy storage technology. Energy Storage Systems (ESS), which store surplus produced electricity and make it available on demand, are essential for reducing fluctuations. Electromechanical, electromagnetic, thermodynamic, chemical and hybrid approaches have all been used in the development of energy storage technologies. A comprehensive list of current papers in the literature section is compiled to illustrate the range of advancements in this field. This paper reviews green energy storage systems, focusing on their primary uses. Power utilities will benefit from this thorough analysis of energy storage systems; the researchers choose the finest and newest energy storage technology based on its practicality and affordability. These days, several nations use energy storage systems to plan for future energy needs. Variations in solar radiation cause a solar photovoltaic generator to overproduce electricity. The implementation of a hybrid energy storage system would help to increase the reliability of solar-powered power generation. The microgrid is a crucial component of the smart grid network for solar installations. This study looks at the microgrid's energy storage system for photovoltaic systems. The topologies and storage system configurations of the microgrid are analyzed together with power electronic interference, control systems, and optimization of the energy storage system and renewable sources. a general technique for sizing the HESS of PV systems using design space as well as pinch analysis. HESS scales that link generator ratings to storage capacity are developed in the proper sizes by using pinch analysis to load and resources data

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Not AvailableFusarium oxysporum f.sp. cubense Tropical Race 4 (FOC TR4), is one of the newly emerged dreaded pathogens of banana with an established global presence. Fungicides have not been effective in controlling the disease. There are very few effective antagonistic microbes reported for the biological management of this pathogen. In the present study, suppressive soil was selected for isolation of potential biocontrol plant growth-promoting bacteria. The bacterial strain CSR-D4 Bacillus licheniformis was identified with significant antagonistic attributes and plant growth-promoting properties. This strain exhibited a high inhibition percentage (77.59%) against the FOC TR4 pathogen in the dual plate assay. Further, the bioactive metabolite of the strain conferring biocontrol of FOC-TR4 was also identified through the Liquid Chromatography-Mass Spectrophotometry technique. Our analysis revealed the presence of many antifungal metabolites in the isolate CSR-D4, the majority of which were identified as iturin, fengycin, surfactin, and bacillomycin. These results indicated the involvement of metabolites in the antifungal activity of the strain CSR-D4 against FOC TR4. During sick-pots studies taken with susceptible Cavendish banana cultivar Grand Naine, application of B. licheniformis CSR-D4 showed a significant reduction in the disease incidence percentage (10%). B. licheniformis CSR-D4 treated plants also showed enhanced activity of defense-related enzymes such as β-1,3 glucanase, peroxidase, chitinase, polyphenol oxidase, and phenyl-alanine ammonium lyase compared to FOC TR4 alone treated plants that suggest the occurrence of induced host tolerance in Bacillus licheniformis CSR-D4 treated plants. Our results suggest the antagonistic potential of rhizobacterium Bacillus licheniformis CSR-D4 strain through secreted metabolites mediated the effective biocontrol of Fusarium oxysporum f.sp. cubense Tropical Race 4.Not Availabl