Zingiber officinale acts as a nutraceutical agent against liver fibrosis

<p>Abstract</p> <p>Background/objective</p> <p><it>Zingiber officinale </it>Roscoe (ginger) (<it>Zingiberaceae</it>) has been cultivated for thousands of years both as a spice and for medicinal purposes. Ginger rhizomes successive extracts (petroleum ether, chloroform and ethanol) were examined against liver fibrosis induced by carbon tetrachloride in rats.</p> <p>Results</p> <p>The evaluation was done through measuring antioxidant parameters; glutathione (GSH), total superoxide dismutase (SOD) and malondialdehyde (MDA). Liver marker enzymes; succinate and lactate dehydrogenases (SDH and LDH), glucose-6-phosphatase (G-6-Pase), acid phosphatase (AP), 5'- nucleotidase (5'NT) and liver function enzymes; aspartate and alanine aminotransferases (AST and ALT) as well as cholestatic markers; alkaline phosphatase (ALP), gamma glutamyl transferase (GGT), total bilirubin were estimated. Liver histopathological analysis and collagen content were also evaluated. Treatments with the selected extracts significantly increased GSH, SOD, SDH, LDH, G-6-Pase, AP and 5'NT. However, MDA, AST, ALT ALP, GGT and total bilirubin were significantly decreased.</p> <p>Conclusions</p> <p>Extracts of ginger, particularly the ethanol one resulted in an attractive candidate for the treatment of liver fibrosis induced by CCl₄. Further studies are required in order to identify the molecules responsible of the pharmacological activity.</p

CHEMO-PROTECTIVE EFFECT ON HEPATO-RENAL TOXCICITY AND CYTOTOXIC ACTIVITY OF LIPOIDAL MATTER OF ATRIPLEX LINDLEYI MOQ

Objective: Bromobenzene (BB) is frequently encountered in table-ready foods as contaminant residues. Therefore, the present study is designed to evaluate the petroleum ether extract of Atriplex lindleyi to attenuate the hepato-renal injury induced by BB exposure and study its cytotoxic activity against different human cell line as well as to describe the chemical composition of the petroleum ether extract. Methods: The phytochemical study of petroleum ether extract was implemented using both GC/MS and column chromatography analysis. The isolated compounds were identified using different spectroscopic analysis. Hepato-renal assay, rats were intraperitonealy injected bromobenzene at a dose 460 mg/kg BW. The petroleum ether extract as well as Hepaticum were administrated orally twice a week for three consecutive weeks with a dose 150 &amp; 100 mg/kg body weight, respectively. Liver marker enzymes, liver function indices and kidney function tests were estimated. The cytotoxic activity of, petroleum ether extract was assessed by the mitochondrial dependent reduction of MTT (3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyl tetrazolium bromide). Results: Forty two compounds as well as sixteen fatty acids were identified in unsaponifiable and saponifiable fractions, respectively. Unsaponifiable fraction constituted of hydrocarbons (73.39% of total unsaponifiable matter), alcoholic (0.88%) and steroidal compounds (2.22%). Furthermore, column chromatography of petroleum ether extract afforded nonsterol tritrepenoids; olean-12-en-3,11-dione (1), β-amyrenone (2), erythrodiol I (3), Lupeol (4) as well as sterol triterpenoids; cholesterol (5) and mixture of β-sitosterol and stigmasterol (6). Compounds 1, 3 and 5 are first reported from Atriplex lindleyi. In addition, GC/MS analysis of the main fraction isolated from column chromatography revealed phytol as a major component. Drastic changes were observed after BB intoxication in liver function parameters; kidney disorder indices and certain oxidative stress markers. Treatment with petroleum ether extract improved all biochemical parameters under investigation as well as the histopathology of liver and kidney. Petroleum ether extract showed growth inhibition of HepG2 and MCF7 human cells by 44.8 and 29.9%, respectively at 100 µg/ml. Conclusion: The petroleum ether extract of A. lindleyi contains bioactive compounds exhibiting hepato-renal protection and cytotoxic activity

ASSESSING THE BIOACTIVITY AND ANTIOXIDATIVE PROPERTIES OF SOME COMPOUNDS ISOLATED FROM ABUTILON HIRTUM (LAM.)

ABSTRACTObjectives: The present study on the methanol extract of Abutilon hirtum (Lam.) [Malvaceae] afforded ten compounds. Findings from this assessmentindicated that A. hirtum leaves possessed vast potential as medicinal product especially in liver cancer treatment.Methods: Dried-powdered leaves were boiled under reflux in 10 L of petroleum ether for 8 hrs. After filtration, the solvent was evaporated; afforded15 g of petroleum ether extract followed by boiling with reflux for 8 hrs with chloroform, then filtration and the residue was evaporated to give 34 gchloroform extract. Ethyl acetate was added and refluxed for 8 hrs, then filtration and evaporation to give 31 g ethyl acetate extract. Finally the leaveswere refluxed with 10 L of 85 % aqueous MeOH, after cooling, the solution was filtered and evaporated and the residue was 210 g methanol extractthen the residue was dissolved in de-ionized water (250 ml), then the salt was removed by adding excess methanol solution (2.5 L), and finally filtered.The cytotoxicity of the isolated compounds was evaluated towards HepG2 liver-carcinoma cell line using MTT assay, the antimicrobial activity wastested using the Disc agar plate method and the total antioxidant capacity was determined according to phosphomolybdenum method.Results: The isolated compounds identified as methyl gallate, cuneataside E, bergapten, gallic acid, ellagic acid, epigallocatechin-3-O-gallate,kaempferol-3-O-α-L-rhamnoside, benzyl-1-O-β-D-glucopyranoside, 2(4-hydroxyphenyl)ethyl-O-β-D-glucopyranoside and β-sitosterol. All the isolatedcompounds are known; but they were isolated from Abutilon hirtum for the first time.Conclusion: This report may serve as a footprint concerning the biological and pharmacological activities of A. hirtum leaves.Keywords: Abutilon hirtum, Malvaceae, HepG2, Phenolics, Antioxidant.Â

Flavones composition and therapeutic potential of Dodonaea viscosa against liver fibrosis

Dodonaea viscosa (L.) Jaeq (Sapindaceae) is used in traditional medicine for the treatment of hemorrhoids, ulcer, and pains of hepatic or stomach origin. The current study was designed to investigate the phytochemical constituents of the plant and evaluate its activity against liver fibrosis induced by carbon tetrachloride (CCl4) in rats.   The phytochemical analysis has afforded one flavanone; 5,7-dihydroxy flavanone (pinocembrin) (1) and eight flavones. The compounds were isolated and elucidated as; 5,7-dihydroxy-3,6,4'-trimethoxyflavone (santin) (2), 5,7,4'-trihydroxy-3-methoxy flavone (kaempferol 3-O-methyl ether) (3), 3,4',5-trihydroxy-7-methoxy flavone (kaempferol 7-O-methyl ether) (4), 3',4',5,7-tetrahydroxy-3-methoxy-flavone (quercetin 3'-O-methyl ether) (5), 3,3',4',5,7-pentahydroxyflavone (quercetin) (6), 5,7,4'-trihydroxy-3,6-dimethoxy flavone (7), 5,7-dihydroxy 3,6,3',4'-tetramethoxy flavone (8), and isorhamnetin-3-O-robinobioside (9).. In vitro screening of ethanol extract, fractions of toluene and ethyl acetate, the flavanone and major flavone compounds as antioxidants was carried out. In addition, D. viscosa ethanol extract and two fractions were examined in vivo against liver fibrosis induced by CCl4 in rats. The evaluation was done through measuring hepatic oxidative stress markers; malondialdehyde (MDA), glutathione (GSH) and superoxide dismutase (SOD). The work was extended to measure serum protein content and liver function enzymes; aspartate and alanine aminotransferases (AST and ALT), alkaline phosphatase (ALP­) and gamma glutamyl transferase (GGT). Liver histopathological analysis was done for results confirmation. In conclusion, among the isolated flavones, compounds 3, 4, and 8 were isolated for the first time. The ethanol extract and compound of 6, 5 followed by 7 exhibited the strongest antioxidant activities. Treatment with D. viscosa extract and its fractions attenuates the increments of MDA, AST, ALT, ALP, GGT, total protein and increased GSH and SOD levels. The ethanol extract showed the most potent effect. The data confirmed the rationale for the traditional use of D. viscosa extracts to hepatic disorders. Further studies are needed in order to evaluate the isolated flavones as protective agents against liver injury and for their clinical application

Flavones composition and therapeutic potential of Dodonaea viscosa against liver fibrosis

Dodonaea viscosa (L.) Jaeq (Sapindaceae) is used in traditional medicine for the treatment of hemorrhoids, ulcer, and pains of hepatic or stomach origin. The current study was designed to investigate the phytochemical constituents of the plant and evaluate its activity against liver fibrosis induced by carbon tetrachloride (CCl4) in rats.   The phytochemical analysis has afforded one flavanone; 5,7-dihydroxy flavanone (pinocembrin) (1) and eight flavones. The compounds were isolated and elucidated as; 5,7-dihydroxy-3,6,4'-trimethoxyflavone (santin) (2), 5,7,4'-trihydroxy-3-methoxy flavone (kaempferol 3-O-methyl ether) (3), 3,4',5-trihydroxy-7-methoxy flavone (kaempferol 7-O-methyl ether) (4), 3',4',5,7-tetrahydroxy-3-methoxy-flavone (quercetin 3'-O-methyl ether) (5), 3,3',4',5,7-pentahydroxyflavone (quercetin) (6), 5,7,4'-trihydroxy-3,6-dimethoxy flavone (7), 5,7-dihydroxy 3,6,3',4'-tetramethoxy flavone (8), and isorhamnetin-3-O-robinobioside (9).. In vitro screening of ethanol extract, fractions of toluene and ethyl acetate, the flavanone and major flavone compounds as antioxidants was carried out. In addition, D. viscosa ethanol extract and two fractions were examined in vivo against liver fibrosis induced by CCl4 in rats. The evaluation was done through measuring hepatic oxidative stress markers; malondialdehyde (MDA), glutathione (GSH) and superoxide dismutase (SOD). The work was extended to measure serum protein content and liver function enzymes; aspartate and alanine aminotransferases (AST and ALT), alkaline phosphatase (ALP­) and gamma glutamyl transferase (GGT). Liver histopathological analysis was done for results confirmation. In conclusion, among the isolated flavones, compounds 3, 4, and 8 were isolated for the first time. The ethanol extract and compound of 6, 5 followed by 7 exhibited the strongest antioxidant activities. Treatment with D. viscosa extract and its fractions attenuates the increments of MDA, AST, ALT, ALP, GGT, total protein and increased GSH and SOD levels. The ethanol extract showed the most potent effect. The data confirmed the rationale for the traditional use of D. viscosa extracts to hepatic disorders. Further studies are needed in order to evaluate the isolated flavones as protective agents against liver injury and for their clinical application

Diagnostic value of portal venous pulsatility index in patients with high-risk nonalcoholic fatty liver disease

Background: As commonest form among liver diseases, nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) presents no symptoms. It is possible to use regular ultrasound scanning, which are always available in medical care centers everywhere, to quickly and quantitatively assess portal vein pulsatility. Objective: To evaluate the value of the portal venous pulsatility index for noninvasively diagnosing nonalcoholic fatty liver disease who are at high risk.Patients and Methods: The trial was a comparative cross-sectional trial involving 145 NAFLD patients, conducted in Radiodiagnosis Department, Faculty of Medicine, Zagazig University Hospitals. Abdominal ultrasound fibroscan, and Doppler US examinations of portal venous system were done to all patients.Results: Basal lab features, triphasic right hepatic vein flow pattern, and Doppler flow characteristics differed significantly between the two groups. Except for the BARD score, there was a high statistically significant difference between the two groups for venous pulsatility index values as well as all clinical risk scores. VPI, NAFLD-FS, and FIB-4 odds ratios all showed high significant differences between the two groups. Optimism-Corrected ROC AUC of VPI +NAFLD FS was 0.89, VPI + FIB-4 was 0.90, VPI+BARD score was 0.86 and VPI + APRI was 0.85. There was a high significant difference regarding VPI +NAFLD FS &amp; VPI + FIB-4.Conclusion: High-risk NAFLD can be predicted using VPI and this could improve the effectiveness of frequently used clinical predictor tools

FLAVONOIDS FROM SUGAR BEET LEAVES AS HEPATOPROTECTIVE AGENT

Objective: This work was designed to investigate the activity of Beta vulgaris (B. vulgaris) extract against hepatotoxicity induced by (carbon tetrachloride) CC14 in male rats.Methods: Hepatoprotective study was performed on rats, divided into different groups; control healthy rats, the group received B. vulgaris extract, intoxicated rats by CC14, CCl4 group treated with alcoholic leaves extract, and CCl4 intoxicated rats treated with silymarin. The evaluation was done through measuring liver function indices and oxidative stress markers.Results: The activities of Alanine Transferase (ALT), Aspartate Transferase (AST), Alkaline Phosphatase (ALP), and gamma-glutamyl transferase (GGT) increased by 187.07, 52.37, 50.58, and 94.59% respectively in CCl4 group from control. Supplementation of beet extract decreased this elevation to 10.83, 26.43, 17.07 and 37.21% for the previous parameters respectively. The values obtained of the enzymes activity return nearly to that of control values, also a histopathological investigation of liver confirmed the results obtained.Conclusion: Beet showed a remarkable anti-hepatotoxic activity against CC14 induced hepatic damageKeywords: B. vulgaris, Hepatoprotective, Flavonoids, Liver function, Antioxidant enzyme, Histopatholog

Digital Twins Approaches and Methods Review

© 2023 IEEE. Personal use of this material is permitted. Permission from IEEE must be obtained for all other uses, in any current or future media, including reprinting/republishing this material for advertising or promotional purposes, creating new collective works, for resale or redistribution to servers or lists, or reuse of any copyrighted component of this work in other works. This is the accepted manuscript version of a conference paper which has been published in final form at https://doi.org/10.1109/ITC-Egypt58155.2023.10206196This paper investigates the recent advances in Digital Twin technologies. The aim is to compare the approaches, available open source and proprietary technologies and methods, their features, and their integration capabilities. The motivation is to enable better design decisions based on the available literature and case studies. Various tools for 3D reconstruction and visualisation, IoT and sensor integration, Physical simulations and other complete platforms provide complete solutions. A conclusion of current challenges and future work identified that the lack of standardisation and interoperability makes the lifetime of a digital twin short, with a high cost and time to build and rebuild if required

ANTIOXIDANT AND HEPATOPROTECTIVE EFFECTS OF JUSTICIA SPICIGERA ETHYL ACETATE FRACTION AND CHARACTERIZATION OF ITS ANTHOCYANIN CONTENT

Objective: The antioxidant and hepatoprotective activities of ethyl acetate (EA) fraction of the dried aerial part of Justicia spicigera were evaluated and the characterization of its anthocyanin content was done. Methods: Hepatic fibrosis was induced by carbon tetrachloride (CCl4) in rats. The ethyl acetate fraction was obtained by successive liquid/liquid fractionation of the crude cold ethanolic extract and the pigments were characterized by HPLC technique. The in vitro studies were carried out through evaluation of the EA fraction on the attenuation of 1, 1-Diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) free radicals. The in vivo biological evaluation was done in CCl4 injured rats through determination of liver function indices, oxidative stress markers and the histopathological picture of the treated liver.Results: The phenolic content in the EA fraction was 42.94 mg/g. Twelve anthocyanins were identified, the major of which are peonidin 3, 5-diglucoside (64.30%), malvidin 3, 5-diglucoside (10.59%) and petunidin 3,5-diglucoside (4.71%). Treatment of CCl4 intoxicated rats with EA fraction recorded improvement in the liver function indices and oxidative stress markers. The histopathological observations confirmed our results.Conclusion: The ethyl acetate fraction of the dried aerial part of Justicia spicigera recorded antioxidant and hepato protective activities.Â