A New Combination of RAKE Receiver and Adaptive Antenna Array Beamformer for Multiuser Detection in WCDMA Systems

The aim of this paper is to combine smart antenna beamforming and RAKE receiver in wideband code division multiple access (WCDMA). The proposed method combines spatial diversity as well as temporal diversity to improve the performance and overcome both interferences and multipath fading. This investigation has focused on one of the new proposed blind beamforming algorithms. It is based on constrained constant modulus (CCM) algorithm which is used for deriving a recursive-least-squares (RLS-) type optimization algorithm. We illustrate the comparison of bit error rate (BER) of the proposed receiver with simple correlator and also 1D-RAKE receiver in multiuser detection (MUD) WCDMA. The simulation results show that the proposed 2D-RAKE receiver offers lower BER rather than conventional ones, that is, it is an effective solution for decreasing the effect of interference and increasing the capacity, in a joint state

Determining Undeclared Synthetic Pharmaceuticals as Adulterants in Weight Loss Herbal Medicines

Background: The popularity and use of herbal medicines and supplements are growing worldwide. Herbal anti-obesity products have been considered as suitable alternatives to synthetic pharmaceuticals as they are introduced as harmless natural products. However, some manufacturers often add undeclared synthetic pharmaceuticals to the anti-obesity herbal medicine products to improve their efficacy and potency. The present study aimed to analyze herbal weight loss products collected from the drug market in Bojnurd City, Iran.Methods: Ninety-six herbal drug samples, as weight loss products, were obtained from herb shops and pharmacies in Bojnurd City, Iran. All samples were analyzed to detect undeclared active pharmaceutical ingredients using High-Performance Liquid Chromatography with Diode Array Detector (HPLC-DAD) and Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry (GC-MS) techniques.Results: Caffeine, trimethoxyamphetamine, and vitamin E were identified in herbal weight loss products. Caffeine was detected in 21.8% of the obtained samples, as the most common undeclared active pharmaceutical adulterant. Conclusion: Undeclared active pharmaceutical ingredients in herbal weight loss products could threaten patients’ health. Thus, it is necessary to create awareness through health authorities in this regard

Explaining the Clinical Education Stressors in Nursing Students: A Qualitative Study

Background: Nurses are an important part of the health system, and the effectiveness of their clinical education has a significant impact on community health. The clinical environment is constantly changing, making student education very stressful. Due to the negative effects of stressors on education, the present study was conducted to explain the stressors in the clinical environment.Methods: In this qualitative study (content analysis), the participants were selected using the purposive sampling method. In-depth semi-structured interviews were conducted with 16 nursing students who had completed at least one semester of internship in Khalkhal University of Medical Sciences until data saturation was achieved. The data were coded, the related codes were classified into categories, and the main themes were extracted.Results: Four categories were obtained in this study: personal problems, the interaction between students and patients, patients’ families, instructors, and ward staff, executive planning, and clinical education environment. The most important source of stress was personal problems, including a lack of awareness and fear of following some clinical guidelines. The lower-semester students were reported to have more stress than last-semester students.Conclusion: Due to the many clinical stressors, the related authorities should be required to promote students’ professional development by identifying the clinical environment stressors and providing appropriate solutions to reduce and control them. In this regard, considering the role of instructors in reducing stress and facilitating student learning, providing educational programs to train instructors in this area can be one of the main steps to reduce student stress

Relationship between Job Satisfaction and Emotional Intelligence in Critical and Emergency Nurses

Background & Objectives:Job satisfaction and emotional intelligence are the most important factors in providing the best quality of nurses' services to patients. Lack of attention to this problem is disrupted the organization system in the long term.It causes reduce in the sense of responsibility, burnout and eventually leave of serve. Therefore, this study aimed to determine the relationship between job satisfactions with emotional intelligence among nurses of Kerman University of Medical Sciences hospitals. Material & Methods: This is a cross-sectional and descriptive study. The study population formed of 150 critical and emergency nurses of Kerman University of Medical Science hospitals. Data were collected via instrument which includes background information and 28 items form ofBradbry-Graves, emotional intelligence and 21 items from of job satisfaction by census method. Data analysis was performed by t-test and ANOVA test andPearson correlation coefficients. Results: Results showed that the mean score of job satisfaction was 83.72±17.69 and the mean scoreof emotional intelligence was 121.09±17.56. It was observed that there is a significant relationship between total score of job satisfaction (intrinsic and extrinsic satisfaction) and total score of emotional intelligencewith a correlation coefficient of 0.351 (P>0.0001).The results of analysis of (ANOVA) and t-test showed thatthere is not a significant relationship between demographic variables (age, education, experience, organizational unit, sex) with job satisfaction and emotional intelligence and their dimensions(P>0.05). Conclusions: Job satisfaction is directly related to emotional intelligence and it seems that people with high emotional intelligence feel more satisfaction in their work with colleagues and patients. It is suggested that further studies should be done to reveal the relationship between these two concepts and their relationships with demographic variables

Death anxiety in students of medical emergency and emergency technicians of Sabzevar in 1392

Introduction: The death anxiety is defined as the fear of your death and others�. Being aware of death is inescapable the anxiety beside that leads to different behaviors and the health care workers are exposed to this kind of anxiety more than others. Especially when a sudden and unexpected death occurs and a wide obvious malfunction is seen in the emergency department staffs. Study examined the factors associated with death anxiety in students of medical emergencies and emergency technicians performed. Methods: The cross-sectional study was done on157students in Sabzevar, 75 emergency technicians and 82 emergency medical students. Sampling was done using enumeration and gathering information took place by a two-part questionnaire including demographic characteristics and factors affecting on the level of death anxiety and Templer�s standard questionnaire of death anxiety. The data was analyzed by Spss statistics software using T-test, correlation and regression. Results: The results showed that there�s a significant difference(P=0/000)between the medical emergency students� mean score of death anxiety (6/2 ± 41/24) and the emergency technicians (7.6 ± 27/26). The mean score has also a significant statistical relationship with the students� marital status, employment status, educational certification, age and occupation (student / technician) (P=0/000) but in emergency technicians, the mean score didn�t have a significant statistical relationship with the parents�s (P<0/088), being interested in the major, the number of work shifts and missions (P<0/123). Conclusion

Comparison of Matricaria chamomilla oil, Trachyspermum copticum oil and Clonidin on Withdrawal syndrome in Narcotics Anonymous

Comparison of Matricariachamomilla oil, Trachyspermumcopticum oil and Clonidine on Withdrawal syndrome in Narcotics Anonymous Abstract: Introduction: Study aimed to compare the effects of chamomile oil , oil copticum and clonidine withdrawal syndrome NA groups was performed . Method and Materials: This study is a Double-blind one stage clinical trial with the comparison group. The sample consisted of 135 patients who were randomly NA groups in thecontrol and intervention groups (two groups) were placed. In intervention groups1, chamomile oil, in the intervention group2, oil copticum common and in control group treated with clonidine withdrawal is received. COW's symptoms questionnaire was recorded in6steps, and the results were analyzed using SPSS software. Results: Baseline mean and standard deviation of withdrawal syndrome in the group of Matricariachamomilla oil, Trachyspermumcopticum oil and Clonidine respectively (241/7 ± 15/24), (845/8 ± 52/26) and (469/7 ± 03/23) and after the intervention (442/7 ± 11/12), (452/8 ± 42/11) and (775/7 ± 51/8), respectively. ANOVA test showed that the three groups before the intervention (p=0/32) and after (p= 0/70) no significant difference in the degree of addiction syndrome. Conclusion: Vegetable oil on the impact of the withdrawal syndrome More studies are needed. Keywords: Matricariachamomilla oil, Trachyspermumcopticum oil, Clonidin withdrawal syndrome, Narcotics Anonymou

Optimal multi-product supplier selection under stochastic demand with service level and budget constraints using learning vector quantization neural network

In today’s competitive marketplace demand, evaluation and selection of suppliers are pivotal for firms, and therefore decision makers need to select suppliers and the optimal order quantities when outsourcing. However, there is uncertainty and risk due to lack of precise data for supplier selection. Uncertainty can impose shortage or overstocks, because of stochastic demand, to firms; in this case, considering inventory control is essential. In this research, an appropriate spatial model is developed for a multi-product supplier selection model with service level and budget constraints. Learning Vector Quantization Neural Network is used to find the optimal number of decision variables with the goal of maximizing the expected profit of supply chains. By analyzing a practical example and conducting sensitivity analysis, we find that corporate profit will be maximized if the optimal integration of suppliers and the optimal order quantities from each supplier is determined. In addition, budget and service level should be considered in the process of finding the best result

Exploring Perceptions of Students’ Academic Motivation by University Professors - A Qualitative Study

Background Motivation is the key factor for success and welfare. It is a pre-requisite in the process of teaching-learning and a factor in academic growth. Objectives The purpose of the present research is to convey the experiences of medical sciences professors on the educational motivations of students in universities of medical sciences. Methods The research was carried out in 2017 in Iran. A purposive sampling method was used and continued until theoretical saturation of data. Sixteen professors and Ph.D. students with teaching experience in medical schools participated. Data was collected with in-depth and semi-structured interviews. All the participants were asked at least two of the following open questions: “What is your understanding of the motivation or lack of motivation for student learning?”, “Which factors are effective in motivation learning?”, and “Which strategies have you used to promote student motivation in learning?” The conventional content analysis approach was used for data analysis. Validity, acceptance, confirmation and transmission criteria were used for correctness and solidity of data. Results By analyzing the transcriptions of interviews, the four main themes of educational motivation for students were determined as “communication between teacher and student”, “characteristic traits of trainer and leaner”, “Importance of motivation in the teaching and learning process” and “educational skills”. Conclusions Based on the research findings, professors expressed that the students’ educational motivations were not satisfactory and educational and training programs in universities needed improvement. They also emphasized on the teachers’ abilities and training skills in sciences for effective communication between teacher and student