Nonablative Fractional Laser Resurfacing

The desire to achieve cosmetic rejuvenation and reduce effects of aging and photodamage urged scientists to develop effectual techniques which have minimal side effects and impressive long-term efficacy. Traditional ablative resurfacing laser therapy has been used for several years;however, it has harmful side effects on the patient’s skin such as dyspigmentation, persistent erythema, infections, acneiform eruptions and scarring. It also prolongs downtime, so it puts a significant burden on society. Nonablative resurfacing laser therapy declines side effects of traditional therapies, although it has lower effectiveness in comparison with ablative one.Nonablative fractional resurfacing laser therapy commenced a modern technique which diminished side effects, while maintains the efficacy of traditional methods. The aim of of this current review is to sum up nonablative fractional laser therapies used for skin photorejuvenation at the past and present time and to evaluate the indications,advantages and classification of it and non-fractional resurfacing laser therap

A Comparative Study on New Claim in the Appeal Process in Iranian and French Laws

The principle of prohibition of submitting a new claim in the appeal process is one of the governing principles in the court of appeals that is stipulated in Article 362 of the Code of Civil Procedure. Given the opposition between Articles 98 and 362 of the Code of Civil Procedure, it is essential to effectively investigate the matter. In view of the French Code of Civil Procedure, the mentioned principle is compared in the Iranian and French legal systems. A comparative study of the two legal systems indicates that Article 564 of the French Code of Civil Procedure and the two subsequent Articles, after mentioning the said principle, specify the exceptions by pointing out the criterion. The criteria mentioned in similar instances can be generalized to reach a united criterion to be applied. After mentioning the said principle as an instance, Article 362 of the Iranian Code of Civil Procedure states the exception and asserts that the said instances cannot be taken as criteria and the instances under Article 362 of the Iranian Code of Civil Procedure should be viewed exclusively, judicial procedure has not reached the unity of procedure and the deficiency shall be amended through enacting appropriate regulation

Evaluating the effects of air disinfectants in decontamination of COVID‐19 aerosols

Abstract Introduction Airborne transmission is the most  crucial mode of COVID‐19 transmission. Therefore, disinfecting the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus‐2 (SARS‐CoV‐2) aerosols float can have important implications in limiting COVID‐19 transmission. Herein, we aimed to review the studies that utilized various disinfectants to decontaminate and inactivate the SARS‐CoV‐2 aerosols. Methods This study was a review that studied related articles published between December 1, 2019 and August 23, 2022. We searched the online databases of PubMed, Scopus, Web of Science, Cochrane, on August 23, 2021. The studies were downloaded into the EndNote software, duplicates were removed, and then the studies were screened based on the inclusion/exclusion criteria. The screening process involved two steps; first, the studies were screened based on their title and abstract and then their full texts. The included studies were used for the qualitative analysis. Results From 664 retrieved records, only 31 met the inclusion criteria and were included in the final qualitative analysis. Various materials like Ozone, H2O2, alcohol, and TiO2 and methods like heating and using Ultraviolet were described in these studies to disinfect places contaminated by COVID‐19. It appeared that the efficacy of these disinfectants varies considerably depending on the situation, time, and ultimately their mode of application. Conclusion Following reliable protocols in combination with the proper selection of disinfectant agents for each purpose would serve to achieve desired elimination of the SARS‐CoV‐2 transmission