Comparative Antimicrobial Activity of Silver Nanoparticles Synthesized by Corynebacterium glutamicum and Plant Extracts

        نال البناء الحيوي للجسيمات النانوية اهتمام كبير يعود ذلك  للضرورة المتزايدة  لتطوير عمليات غير خطرة بيئيا لتصنيع جزيئات نانوية  دون استخدام مواد كيميائية سامة، لذا برزت طرق البناء الحيوي بمساعدة العوامل  البايولوجية كالبكتريا والفطريات او المستخلصات النباتية  كطرق بسيطة ومغايرة لطرق البناء الكيميائية  والفيزيائية.  من المعروف ان العديد من الميكروبات تنتج  مواد عضوية اما خارج او داخل خلوي التي تلعب دور مهم  في ازالة الايونات المعدنية السامة وتعمل كمصانع نانوية.  نتيجة لذلك، في الدراسة الحالية تم بناء جزيئات الفضة النانوية باستخدام الراشح البكتيري لبكتريا Corynebacterium glutamicum التي عزلت من التربة والمستخلص النباتي للنباتات الخضرية كالجرجير، السبانخ والخباز المعاملة بالمحلول المائي لنترات الفضة بتركيز 1ملي مولر. تم التحري عن البناء الحيوي لجزيئات الفضة النانوية من خلال التغير اللوني لمزيج التفاعل  من اللون الاصفر الشاحب الى اللون البني واثبات ذلك بواسطة جهاز المطياف الضوئي  ذي الاشعة فوق البنفسجية. جزيئات الفضة النانوية المبنية من قبل C. glutamicum ابدت اعلى تأثير على السلالات المرضية والبيئية  قيد الدراسة  من  جزيئات الفضة  النانوية التي تم بنائها بطريقة البناء الخضري من  المستخلص النباتي لنبات  الخباز ،السبانخ  والجرير.           Biosynthesis of nanoparticles has received considerable attention due to the growing need to develop environmentally benign nanoparticle synthesis processes that do not use toxic chemicals. Therefore, biosynthetic methods employing both biological agents such as bacteria and fungus or plant extracts have emerged as a simple and a viable alternative to chemical synthetic and physical method .It is well known that many microbes produce an organic material either intracellular or extracellular which is playing important role in the remediation of toxic metals through reduction of metal ions and acting as interesting Nano factories. As a result, in the present study Ag NPs were synthesized by two methods biosynthetic technique using supernatant of Corynebacterium glutamicum that isolated from soil and green synthesis method by using plant extracts of fresh green plants.Ag NPs which synthesized by two methods were investigated visually by monitoring the color shift of reaction mixture from pale yellow to brown color, UV-Visible spectrophotometer was used to measure maximum absorbance of synthesized Ag NPs. The nanoparticles synthesized from Corynebacterium glutamicum exhibited maximum antimicrobial activity against selected pathogenic and environmental strains more than Ag NPs synthesized by green synthesis method from Spinacia oleracea, Malva parviflora and Eruca sativa. plant extract

Communication and Content Trust Aware Routing For Clustered IoT Network

Security has become a major concern in practical applications related to Internet of Things, a Trust Aware Routing is found as second line of defence. To ensure a secure and hassle-free communication in IoT, this paper proposes a new routing strategy called as Communication and Content Trust Aware Routing (CCTAR) for Clustered IoT network. CCTAR is applied on a clustered IoT network in which the entire nodes are clustered into different clusters. Distance, initial energy, transmission range, angle of overlap and the sensing range are the fur major metrics used to cluster the network into hierarchical clusters followed by Cluster Head Selection. Next, the Trust Aware routing computes three different trust metrics namely Nobility rust, bilateral trust and Data oriented trust to determine the trustworthiness of Cluster Heads. The experimental evaluation of the proposed mechanism shows its superiority in terms of malicious nodes identification, Storage overhead reduction and Network lifetime improvisation

Thrombolysis improves reperfusion and the clinical outcome in tandem occlusion stroke related to cervical dissection: TITAN and ETIS pooled analysis

BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE: Despite the widespread adoption of mechanical thrombectomy (MT) for the treatment of large vessel occlusion stroke (LVOS) in the anterior circulation, the optimal strategy for the treatment tandem occlusion related to cervical internal carotid artery (ICA) dissection is still debated. This individual patient pooled analysis investigated the safety and efficacy of prior intravenous thrombolysis (IVT) in anterior circulation tandem occlusion related to cervical ICA dissection treated with MT. METHODS: We performed a retrospective analysis of two merged prospective multicenter international real-world observational registries: Endovascular Treatment in Ischemic Stroke (ETIS) and Thrombectomy In TANdem occlusions (TITAN) registries. Data from MT performed in the treatment of tandem LVOS related to cervical ICA dissection between January 2012 and December 2019 at 24 comprehensive stroke centers were analyzed. The primary endpoint was a favorable outcome defined as 90-day modified Rankin Scale (mRS) score of 0-2. RESULTS: The study included 144 patients with tandem occlusion LVOS due to cervical ICA dissection, of whom 94 (65.3%) received IVT before MT. Prior IVT was significantly associated with a better clinical outcome considering the mRS shift analysis (common odds ratio, 2.59; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.35 to 4.93; P=0.004 for a 1-point improvement) and excellent outcome (90-day mRS 0-1) (adjusted odds ratio [aOR], 4.23; 95% CI, 1.60 to 11.18). IVT was also associated with a higher rate of intracranial successful reperfusion (83.0% vs. 64.0%; aOR, 2.70; 95% CI, 1.21 to 6.03) and a lower rate of symptomatic intracranial hemorrhage (4.3% vs. 14.8%; aOR, 0.21; 95% CI, 0.05 to 0.80). CONCLUSIONS: Prior IVT before MT for the treatment of tandem occlusion related to cervical ICA dissection was safe and associated with an improved 90-day functional outcome

Impact of Artificial Intelligence based Learning Process on Students' Tendency to Involve in Independent Research at the Higher Secondary School

The integration of artificial intelligence (AI) has become increasingly essential in implementing innovative instructional approaches at Higher Secondary School (HSS). The demand for advanced education that integrates intelligent technologies to improve the overall educational experience is growing. Individuals that actively study artificial intelligence are more equipped to face future difficulties related to technology, society, and the environment. The Knowledge and Attitudes Survey (KAS) lacks empirical evidence regarding the motivation levels of students in their involvement with the field of AI. The main purpose of this study was to examine how students' self-confidence, peer opinions, and personal beliefs affect their willingness to participate in AI education. A comprehensive longitudinal survey covered a total of 707 students who entered in higher secondary school. The survey examined the subjective norms, intentions, and knowledge of the participants, as well as their acquaintance with AI, their attitude towards acquiring knowledge of AI, their inclination towards AI-based learning, and their self-assurance in studying AI. The participants displayed a primarily optimistic perspective on AI education, with 78.1% expressing positivity. Moreover, an overwhelming majority of 73.1 percent of participants exhibited assurance in their capacity to gain knowledge in the realm of artificial intelligence. The data indicate that a substantial majority of respondents, precisely 82%, recognized the influence of different elements, such as peer pressure, instructors, and families, on their choice to participate in AI courses. The results indicate that students' perception of social norms significantly impacts their motivation to study artificial intelligence. Students must demonstrate a heightened openness to AI learning, especially if they perceive support and approval from their teachers and peers. The desire of pupils to participate in AI learning was discovered to be impacted by their viewpoint, self-assurance, and perceived proficiency in the subject matter. Various tactics can be employed to boost students' motivation to engage in the study of AI at a HSS, as indicated by the research results. These tactics encompass the dissemination of knowledge regarding the importance of AI education, fostering favorable views towards the subject, and nurturing students' self-perception of their abilities and control. This study offers significant insights for government authorities, educators, and other stakeholders in KAS and similar educational settings

AMALAN PEWARISAN TANAH ADAT BERDASARKAN UNDANG-UNDANG TANAH ADAT DI KALANGAN MASYARAKAT: KAJIAN DI NEGERI SEMBILAN

Tanah adat merupakan salah satu ciri utama dalam pewarisan harta mengikut adat perpatih yang memberikan amanah kepada kaum perempuan untuk mewarisi tanah adat. Namun, sejauh manakah pengamalan masyarakat di Negeri Sembilan ini terhadap tanah adat? Apakah isu-isu yang timbul sepanjang perlaksanaan adat ini? Justeru, objektif kajian ini adalah untuk mengenal pasti tahap amalan masyarakat di Negeri Sembilan dalam pewarisan tanah adat dan perlaksanaan undang-undang tanah adat serta isu-isu yang berkaitan dengannya. Kajian kuantitatif ini menggunakan kaedah survei yang melibatkan 525 orang sampel berdasarkan teknik prosedur pensampelan rawak mudah. Hasil kajian mendapati bahawa tahap amalan masyarakat di Negeri Sembilan berkaitan pewarisan tanah adat masih lagi tinggi disamping perlaksanaan undang-undang tanah adat yang terus berjalan sehingga kini . Namun, terdapat beberapa isu yang timbul di sepanjang perlaksanaan undang-undang ini. Masalah yang timbul berpunca sama ada daripada pihak pejabat tanah mahupun pengamal tanah adat itu sendiri. Implikasi kajian ini dapat meningkatkan kesedaran masyarakat terhadap tahap amalan serta isu-isu yang timbul berkaitan tanah adat dan undang-undang tanah adat. Kajian lanjutan boleh dilakukan untuk mengenal pasti kaedah yang terbaik untuk menangani masalah-masalah yang timbul agar amalan pewarisan tanah adat dan perlaksanaan undang-undang tanah adat boleh dijalankan dengan lebih berkesan

Study the histopathological changes accompanied with canine parvovirus infection

This study considered to be the first in Iraq intended to identify the gross and microscopic pathological alterations in the susceptible organs of the naturally infected pups were comer to Private Vet. Clinics in Baghdad. These infected cases were checked previously by rapid test to detect canine parvovirus antigen in canine feces. After the death of an animal, the susceptible organs (intestine and heart) were taken and examined grossly, then prepared for histopathological examinations. Results were revealed the presence of severe congestion and bleeding of the small intestine, further to other organs. Also, the microscopic examinations declare the presence of extensive necrosis and loss of epithelial cells of the villi, with infiltration of mononuclear cells in lamina properia, in addition to changes in other organs that took to be pathognomic for infection

Soldier/Hardware-in-the-loop Simulation-based Combat Vehicle Duty Cycle Measurement: Duty Cycle Experiment 2

This paper describes a human-in-the-loop motion-based simulator interfaced to hybrid-electric power system hardware both of which were used to measure the duty cycle of a combat vehicle in a virtual simulation environment. The project discussed is a greatly expanded follow-on to the experiment published in [1]. This paper is written in the context of [1] and therefore highlights the enhancements. The most prominent of these enhancements is the integration (in real-time) of the Power & Electric System Integration Lab (P&E SIL) with a motion base simulator by means of a “long haul” connection over the Internet (a geographical distance of 2,450 miles). The P&E SIL is, therefore, able to respond to commands issued by the vehicle’s driver and gunner and, in real-time, affect the simulated vehicle’s performance. By thus incorporating hardware into a human-in-the-loop experiment, TARDEC engineers are able to evaluate the actual power system as it responds to actual human behavior. After introducing the project, the paper describes the simulation environment which was assembled to run the experiment. It emphasizes the design of the experiment as well as the approach, challenges and issues involved in creating a real-time link between the motion-base simulator and the P&E SIL. It presents the test results and briefly discusses on-going and future work

Delay in Diagnosis of Brain Tumors: A Dilemma For Neurosurgical Community Due To Spirituality and Quackery In A Developing Country

Objectives:  Primary and metastatic brain tumors are a significant cause of mortality and morbidity. The complex pathway to a cancer diagnosis is not human error and the achievements of better outcomes solely depend on the early diagnosis and management of symptomatic tumors. The estimated time between the first presentation to any health care professional and diagnosis is approximately 3 times longer in the UK as compared to other developed countries. Material and Methods:  It was a descriptive study and included 52 patients who were admitted to the Neurosurgery department at Jinnah hospital Lahore. The required data were collected either directly from the patients or from the hospital record of discharged patients. Our study compares the time interval difference of presentation of a patient to a local care provider (Quacks, Hakeem, and spiritual healers) and Neurosurgeon as well as delay in surgical intervention even after diagnosis and radiological investigations. Results:  54% of patients presented with supratentorial lesions and out of these, parietal lobe lesions were more common (39%) while 29% of lesions were infratentorial. Around 50% of patients presented to a Local Care Provider within 20 days. However, only 42% of patients presented to a neurosurgeon after 6-9 months of the onset of symptoms. Conclusion:  Public awareness is the key to timely diagnosis, proper management, and better outcomes. The availability of specialists in peripheral hospitals can bring a change in this regard

Integrated inhibition of citrus leafminer, Phyllocnistis citrella in Mazandaran Province, Iran

In this research, the effect of irrigation management on the production of new shoots and leaves produced by citrus plants, and damage rate caused by citrus leafminer, Phyllocnistis citrella was investigated. The study was performed in a completely randomized design with 3 treatment and 5 replicates for two consecutive years (2014-2015) in Besat citrus orchard of Sari Fajr Company. Treatment included control (without irrigation), conventional irrigation and irrigating based on water requirements (WaterCrop). The number of shoots and leaves produced and damaged by P. citrella in each treatment were counted from the beginning to the end of the growing season and then compared statistically. According to the obtained results, during sampling after the leaf miner emerged, the maximum number of shoots produced and infected related to conventional irrigation. The mean leaves produced by each plant in WaterCrop, conventional and control treatments was 111a, 108.3a, and 51.7b, respectively, which of these, 2, 26.5 and 3.5 of leaves was produced at a time that P. citrella was active and damaged the leaves to 1.71, 21.6, and 4.31%, respectively. The results of this study showed that irrigation is effective in germinating and producing the leaves of citrus trees. As it is clear, over the year, the maximum and minimum leaves before and after emerging the pest have been produced by the trees that were irrigated by WaterCrop method, which because the lower number of the leaves produced during periods when the pest is active, these trees suffered the lowest damage without the use of common pesticides

Effects of different pest managements on biodiversity of insects in citrus orchards of Babolsar and Hadishahr districts in Iran

In this research, insect populations in citrus orchards of Hadishahr, Babolsar, Mazandaran Province, Iran, under different types of pest management including conventional orchard (CO), low input orchard (LIO) and free pesticides protocol orchard (FPPO) in winter and spring seasons during December 22, 2017 to June 21, 2018 were evaluated by installation of pitfall traps, sticky yellow cards and branch and leaf samples. The results on foliage samples in winter showed that the highest Shanon-Weiner index, Brilloun index, species richness and species frequency was obtained for LIO. In spring, the highest values of diversity indices, species richness and frequency was also calculated for LIO. The highest eveness indices was obtained for CO in winter and spring. Mean comparisons on data collected by sticky yellow cards showed that in winter and spring, the highest values of diversity indices, species richness and frequency was estimated for LIO, while in winter, the values of eveness indices for CO was significantly more than those for FPPO and LIO, and in spring, the highest values of eveness indices belonged to FPPO. Based on the results related to pitfall traps, the highest values of diversity indices, species richness and frequency was obtained for LIO, while the values of eveness indices calculated for CO was higher than those for FPPO and LIO