Application efficacy of newly released pre-mixed herbicide in winter wheat: Joystick®

Saabunud / Received 29.01.2022 ; Aktsepteeritud / Accepted 28.04.2022 ; Avaldatud veebis / Published online 28.04.2022 ; Vastutav autor / Corresponding authors: Ebrahim Mamnoie, Akbar Aliverdi ; [email protected], [email protected] a field experiment, the efficacy of the newly released pre-mixed herbicide, Joystick®, in comparison with other pre-mixed herbicides was evaluated in winter wheat, Iran. The treatments included: weedy check, weed-free check (hand-weeded), Bromicide®MA at 600 g a.i. ha–1 + Axial® at 60 g a.i. ha–1 , Othello® at 96 g a.i. ha–1 , Axial One® at 55, 65, 75, and 85 g a.i. ha–1 , Joystick® at 80, 94, and 108 g a.i. ha–1 . The latter three treatments mentioned were applied with and without non-ionic surfactant Citogate® at 0.1% v v–1 . The results revealed that all treatments significantly decreased the density and dry biomass of each weed species and increased the grain yield and biological yield of wheat. The highest performing treatment was Bromicide®MA + Axial®, followed by Joystick® at 108 g a.i. ha–1 plus Citogate®. The application of Joystick® at 108 g a.i. ha–1 plus Citogate® decreased the biomass of Malva neglecta, Lolium rigidum, Hirschfeldia incana, Centaurea pallescens, Veronica persica, and Carthamus oxyacantha up to 96.2, 78.1, 100, 91.0, 91.0, and 96.1%; respectively; with an 88% reduction in total weed dry biomass. Because of Joystick® at 108 g a.i. ha–1 plus Citogate® activity against weed species, the grain and biological yields of wheat improved up to 28% as compared to weedy check treatment

Plant Spacing and Cultivar Affects Yield Components, Qualitative Traits and Early Ripening of Tomato (<i>Lycopersicon esculentum</i>)

Two-year field trial was set up on sandy clay soil in the Jiroft and Kahnouj Agricultural Research Center with the objective to determine the effect of plant spacing and different cultivars on the yield and qualitative characteristics of tomato (<i>Lycopersicon esculentum</i>). This experiment was performed as split plot based on complete randomized block design with 3 replications. The main plots were in – row\ud spacing in 4 levels include 0.3, 0.4, 0.5 and 0.6 m and the subplots were cultivars naming ‘Shef ’, ‘Peto Early CH’ and ‘FDT 202’. The results showed that, fruit length to diameter ratio, total acidity, fruit number per plant, mean fruit weight, yield per plant, total yield and first harvest to total harvests ratio were significantly affected by plant spacing. In addition, cultivars showed significant effect on all traits evaluated (p<0.01). In this experiment, fruit length to diameter ratio and total acidity increased as plant spacing increased, however it\ud had no effect on total soluble solids. In this study, total fruit yield is being increased while the yield per plant, number of fruit per plant and fruit weight is being reduced by increased number of plants per unit area. Although among tomato cultivar, ‘Peto Early CH’ had a higher yield over other cultivars, but cultivar ‘Shef ’ showed higher yield in the first harvest. Generally it seems according to the results collected that plant spacing 0.3 m and ‘Shef ’ cultivar owing to better adaptation and higher commercial yield for production in Jiroft\ud city is suggested

The Effect of Organic and Bio Fertilizers on Maize (Zea mays), and HydroMax Adjuvants Application on Optimizing of Nicosulfuron Herbicide Efficacy

In order to study the effect of adjuvant on nicosulfuron herbicide efficacy improvement in maize weed control under organic fertilizers application, field study was conducted during 2013- 2014 at research field of Ferdowsi University of Mashhad, Iran. Experiment was arranged in completely randomized design with factorial arrangement of treatments with 16 treatments and three replications. Factors in this experiment were application of organic fertilizers (cow manure and vermicompost) and bio fertilizer mycorrhiza, and a plot without fertilizer as control, nicosulfuron dose at 40, and 80 g a.i ha-1 (Cruz&reg;,4% SC) with and without the adjuvant of HydroMax&trade;. Common purslane (Portulaca oleracea), black nightshade (Solanum nigrum L.), and redroot pigweed (Amaranthus retroflexus L) were the dominant weeds in the experimental fields. Black nightshade and common purslane had the highest relative density 20 and 45 days after spraying (DAS). Results showed that application of hydromax adjuvant increased herbicide efficiency, significantly. However dry weight of common purslane, black nightshade and redroot pigweed decreased 84, 71, 86 and 71, 79, 100 %, when nicosulfuron applied at reduced dose (40 g a.i. ha-1) with adjuvant 20 and 45 DAS, respectively. On the other hand, seed yield and dry weight of maize increased 49 and 60 % respectively, when nicosulfuron applied at 40 g a.i. ha-1 with Hydromax pulse cow manure.&nbsp

Evaluation of some Herbicides for Potato (Solanum tuberosum L.) Weed Control in Jiroft and Karaj

Introduction: Potato (Solanum tuberosum) is an annual crop that belongs to the Solanaceae family. It contains abundant starch and ranks as the world’s fourth most important food crop, after maize, wheat and rice. It is one of most important crops in Iran. The total area under potato cultivation was 186 thousand hectares during 2011 and 2012. Weeds are one of the greatest limiting factors to efficient crop production. Application of herbicides is the key method of weed control in potato fields, both in the world and Iran. Herbicides that commonly are used for weed control in potato fields of Iran are metribuzin, paraquat, rimsulfuron, pendimethalin and sulfosulfuron. Materials and Methods: In order to study the effect of herbicides to control weeds of potato fields, field experiments were conducted at the Agricultural Research Center of Jiroft and Karaj. Plots were located on a sandy loam soil with a pH of 7.4 in Jiroft, and loamy soil with a pH of 7.7 in Karaj. The experiments were conducted during 2009-2010. Potato variety used in Jiroft was Santeh and Satina in Karaj. The experimental design was the randomized complete blocks design (RCBD), with four replications. Weed control treatments included paraquat (20% SL) at 3 lit/ha as early post- emergence, metribuzin (70% WP) at 750 gr/ha as preemergence, pendimethalin (33% EC) at 3 lit/ ha as preemergence, rimsulfuron (25% DF) at 60 gr/ha applied with adjuvant cytogate at 2.5% volume of water early post emergence, sulfosulfuron (75% DF) at 35 gr/ha (postemergence), metribuzin at 750 gr/h + rimsulfuron at 60 gr/ha with adjuvant cytogate at 2.5% volume of water, , metribuzin at 750 gr/ha+ pendimethalin at 3 lit/ ha, metribuzin at 750 gr/ha+ sulfosulfuron at 35 gr/ha, paraquat at 3 lit/ha + rimsulfuron at 60 gr/ha with adjuvant cytogate at 2.5% volume of water, paraquat at 3 lit/ha + pendimethalin at 3 lit/ha, paraquat at 3 lit/ha + sulfosulfuron at 35 gr/ha and hand weeding. Each plot was 4 m wide and 8 m long with 4 rows and 75 cm distance among rows. Density and dry weight of weeds and potato yield were recorded. Results and Discussion: Results indicated that 6 broadleaf weeds were dominant in the fields included prostrate pigweed (Amaranthus blitoides), bindweed (Convolvulus arvensis), malva (Malva neglecta) in Jiroft, and red rooted pigweed (Amaranthus retroflexus), datura (Datura stramonium), bladder hibiscus (Hibiscus trionum) in Karaj. Visual observation confirmed that the most weeds were effectively controlled using herbicide treatments. The statistical analysis of the data revealed that the herbicides applied for weed control in potato have significantly decreased weed density and dry weight. The lowest weed density and dry weightof prostrate pigweed were observed in plots treated with paraquat + rimsulfuron. This treatment reduced density and dry weight of prostrate pigweed by 70% and 69% in Jiroft. However, Red rooted pigweed was controlled better than prostrate pigweed in Karaj. All treatments of mixed herbicides reduced density and dry weight of red rooted pigweed by 100% in Karaj. Maximum control of bindweed was obtained with metribuzin + rimsulfuron. This treatment reduced density and dry weight of bindweed by 35 % in Jiroft. The highest control of malva was achieved with metribuzin plus rimsulfuron in Jiroft. This treatment reduced density and biomass of malva by 61 and 56%, respectively. The best control of datura was obtained with paraquat plus rimsulfuron in Karaj. This treatment reduced datura biomass by 98%. Maximum control of bladder hibiscus was obtained with paraquat plus rimsulfuronin which dry weight was reduced by 98%. The highest potato yield (48 ton/ha) was obtained by application of metribuzin plus rimsulfuron in Jiroft. Potato yield was also increased with this treatment by 40%. The least potato yield (32 ton/ha) was obtained with pendimethalin in Jiroft. The maximum potato yield (32 ton/ha) was obtained by application of paraquat plus rimsulfuron and paraquat plus pendimethalin in Karaj, and minimum potato yields were obtained by application of sulfosulfuron and pendimethalin. Conclusion: Results of both years and locations showed that application of herbicide mixture improved weed control and potato yields. Pendimethalin and rimsulfuron are suitable alternatives for herbicide rotations in potato fields and can replace metribuzin and paraquat