Molecular identification of Theileria and Babesia in sheep and goats in the Black Sea Region in Turkey

This study was carried out to investigate presence and distribution of Theileria and Babesia species via microscopic examination and reverse line blotting (RLB) techniques in sheep and goats in the Black Sea region of Turkey. For this purpose, 1,128 blood samples (869 sheep and 259 goats) were collected by active surveillance from sheep and goats in different provinces of various cities in the region in the years 2010 and 2011. Smears were prepared from the blood samples, stained with Giemsa, and examined under the light microscope for Theileria and Babesia piroplasms. The genomic DNAs were extracted from blood samples. The length of 360–430-bp fragment in the variable V4 region of 18S SSU rRNA gene of Theileria and Babesia species was amplified using the gDNAs. The polymerase chain reaction products were hybridized to the membraneconnected species-specific probes. A total of 38 animals (3.37 %) including 34 sheep (3.91 %) and 4 goats (1.54 %) were found to be positive for Theileria spp. piroplasms in microscopic examination of smears while Babesia spp. piroplasm could not detected. Infection rates were 34.64 % in sheep, 10.04 % in goats, and totally 28.99 % for Theileria ovis while 0.58 % in sheep and totally 0.44 % for Babesia ovis. However, Theileria sp. OT3 was detected in 2.65 % of sheep and 2.04 % of all animals; besides Theileria sp., MK had 0.58 % prevalence in sheep and 0.77 % in goats, with a total 0.62 % with RLB. Although T. ovis and Theileria sp. MK were determined in both sheep and goats, B. ovis and Theileria sp. OT3 were observed only in the sheep. These results provide the first detailed molecular data for sheep and goat theileriosis and babesiosis in the region

Köpek ve kedilerde görülen parazit hastalıkları-kene enfestasyonları

Keneler (Acari: Ixodidae, Argasidae) evcil köpek ve kediler de dalıil karada yaşayan omurgalı hayvanlardan kan emerek beslenen zorunlu ektoparazitler olarak bilinmekte olup kene enfestasyonları köpeklerde, kedilere kıyasla daha fazla görülmektedir. Keneler kan emmek suretiyle anemiye sebep olmakta ve nadiren deride dermatitlere yol açmakla birlikte, esas zararlı etkilerini bakteriyel, viral, riketsiyal ve protozoer etkenleri kan emdiği konağa nakletmek suretiyle göstermektedirler (Wall ve Shearer, 2001)

Tick Species of Cattle, Sheep and Goats in Turkey

Kenelerin insan ve hayvanlar üzerine direk ve indirek çok sayıda zararlı etkileri vardır. Bu zararlı etkiler arasında hastalık taşımadaki rolleri öne çıkmaktadır. Kenelerin tüm dünyada 200’ün üzerinde hastalığı naklettikleri bilinmektedir. Türkiye’de bugüne kadar 30’u aşkın kene türü tespit edilmiştir. Bunlardan; Rhipicephalus (Boophilus) R. bursa, R. sanguineus, R. turanicus, Dermacentor marginatus, Hyalomma aegytium, H. anatolicum, H. detritum, H. excavatum, H. mar-ginatum, Haemaphysalis parva, Hae. puncatata, Hae. sulcata, Argas percicus ve Ornithodorus laho- rensis türlerine Türkiye’nin tüm coğrafi bölgelerinde rastlanmaktadır. Ayrıca theileriosis, babesiosis ve anaplasmosis gibi kenelerle nakledilen hastalıklar oldukça yaygın olup, sığır, koyun ve keçiler¬de verim kayıpları ve ölümlere neden olmaktadırlar. Bu derlemede günümüze kadar konu hakkın¬da yapılan çalışmalar ışığında Türkiye’de sığır, koyun ve keçilerde belirlenen kene türleri ile bunların mevsimsel aktiviteleri ve bölgesel dağılımları incelenmiştir.Ticks have many direct and indirect harmful effects on human and animals. The dise¬ase transport role of ticks come forward among the harmful effects. Over 200 diseases are transmit¬ted by ticks all over the world. More than 30 tick species have been identified in Turkey. Rhipicephalus (Boophilus) annulatus, R. bursa, R. sanguineus, R. turanicus, Dermacentor margina¬tus, Hyalomma aegytium, H. anatolicum, H. detritum, H. excavatum, H. marginatum, Haemaph¬ysalis parva, Hae. puncatata, Hae. sulcata, Argas percicus and Ornithodorus lahorensis have been seen in all geographical regions of Turkey. On the other hand tick borne diseases such as theileri¬osis, babesiosis and anaplasmosis are prevalant in Turkey and they cause mortality and yield losses in livestock. This article reviews ticks species which detected on cattle, sheep and goats in Turkey and their seasonal activity and geographical distribution

Türkiye’nin Karadeniz Bölgesindeki koyun ve keçilerde kene enfestasyonları

WOS:000303296300004This study was carried out to determine the status of tick infestation of sheep and goats in some cities (Bolu, Kastamonu, corum, Samsun,Tokat, Giresun and Bayburt) in the Black Sea region of Turkiye. For this purpose, a total of 2608 small ruminants (2161 sheep, 447 goat) in 53 town were examined in the period of 2010-2011 and 812 of them (665 sheep, 147 goat) were infested. Whole body parts of the animals were examined and 2797 ticks belong to five genus and 12 species [Rhipicephalus turanicus (28.63%), Haemaaphysalis parva (22.59%), Rhipicephalus bursa (18.26%), Dermacentor marginatus (16.55%), Rhipicephalus sanguineus (3.32%), Ixodes ricinus (2.46%), Haemaphysalis punctata (2.35%), Hyalomma marginatum (2.21%), Haemaphysalis sulcata (1.39%), Hyalomma excavatum (1.17%), Haemaphysalis concinna (0.53%), Hyalomma detritum (0.46%)] were collected. Infestation rates in sheep and goats were 30.77% and 32.88% respectively. It was found that R. turanicus, H. parya and R. bursa were the dominant species on sheep and goats in the region. Seasonal distribution of identified tick species was also determined. Rhipicephalus and Hyalomma species were detected in spring and summer while Haemaphysalis in winter, spring and autumn and Dermacentor and Ixodes in all seasons on sheep and goats in this region.Karadeniz Bölgesi’ndeki bazı illerde (Bolu, Kastamonu, Çorum, Samsun, Tokat, Giresun ve Bayburt) koyun ve keçilerde bulunan kene türleri ile bu türlerin enfestasyon oranlarının ve mevsimsel dağılımlarının belirlenmesi amacıyla yürütülmüştür. Bu amaçla 2010 ve 2011 yıllarında bölgede yer alan 53 farklı yerleşim merkezinden toplam 2608 küçükbaş hayvan (2161 koyun, 447 keçi) kene enfestasyonu yönünden muayene edilmiş ve 812 tanesi (665 koyun, 147 keçi) enfeste bulunmuştur. Hayvanların tüm vücutları kene enfestasyonu yönünden muyene edilmiş, 5 soya ait 12 türde [Rhipicephalus turanicus (%28.63), Haemaphysalis parva (%22.59), Rhipicephalus bursa (%18.26), Dermacentor marginatus (%16.55), Rhipicephalus sanguineus (%3.32), Ixodes ricinus (%2.46), Haemaphysalis punctata (%2.35), Hyalomma marginatum (%2.21), Haemaphysalis sulcata (%1.39), Hyalomma excavatum (%1.17), Haemaphysalis concinna (%0.53), Hyalomma detritum (%0.46)] toplam 2797 adet kene toplanmıştır. Koyun ve keçilerdeki enfestasyon oranları sırasıyla %30.77 ve %32.88 olarak belirlenmiş ve en yaygın türlerin R. turanicus, H. parva ve R. bursa olduğu ortaya konmuştur. Tespit edilen türlerden Rhipicephalus ve Hyalomma’ların ilkbahar ve yaz aylarında görülürken; Haemaphysalis’lerin kış, ilkbahar ve sonbahar; Dermacentor ve Ixodes’lerin ise bütün mevsimlerde hayvanlar üzerinde bulunduğu görülmüştü

First molecular detection ofdirofilaria immitisandd. repensin dogs from Kyrgyzstan

WOS:000543280500001 PubMed ID: 32588179Background Dirofilaria immitisandDirofilaria repensare the causative agents of cardiopulmonary and subcutaneous dirofilariosis, respectively. This neglected disease mainly seen in dogs, cats and wild carnivores is re-emerging recent years. No study was conducted on dirofilariosis in dogs in Kyrgyzstan. Purpose The goal of this study was to investigateDirofilariaspecies using PCR and sequencing in dogs from Kyrgyzstan. Method Dirofilariaspp. infection in dogs was screened via convential PCR and sequencing in 337 dogs from Kyrgyzstan. Result The overall prevalence ofDirofilariaspp. was 0.59% (2/337): DNA ofD. immitiswas detected in one sample and DNA ofD. repensin second positive sample. In second sample, parallel co-infection ofD. repenswithWolbachiawas also found. WhileD. immitissequence showed 98.70-100% similarity with previously reported sequences ofD. immitisfrom dog blood,D. repensshared 100% identity with other sequences ofD. repens. Conclusion These results provided first evidence forDirofilariaspp. in Kyrgyzstan and emphasized the veterinary and medical importance

Molecular detection of tick-borne rickettsial and protozoan pathogens in domestic dogs from Turkey

Abstract Background Canine tick-borne parasites have emerged in recent years, showing a wider geographic distribution and increased global prevalence. In addition to their veterinary importance, domestic dogs play an important role in the transmission cycles of some agents by acting as reservoirs and sentinels. This study investigated Babesia, Theileria, Anaplasma, and Ehrlichia species in asymptomatic dogs in ten provinces of Turkey. Methods DNA obtained from blood samples collected from 757 domestic dogs (243 stray, 351 shelter, 163 pet) of both sexes and various ages were evaluated using PCR and reverse line blotting (RLB) assays. Results Of the 757 dogs tested, 41 (5.4%) were found to be infected with one or more parasites. Ehrlichia canis (37/757, 4.9%) was the most common canine tick-borne pathogen, followed by Anaplasma platys (4/757, 0.5%). Babesia canis and Theileria annulata were each detected in 1 (0.13%) sample. Combined infection of E. canis and A. platys was detected in 2 (0.3%) samples. The prevalence of tick-borne pathogens was higher in adult dogs (6.8%) than in those under one year old (3.1%). Difference in infection rate of male and female dogs was not significant. Pet dogs had a lower prevalence of infection (1.2%) compared to stray (7.4%) and shelter dogs (6%) although the difference between stray and shelter dogs was not significant. Conclusions Babesia canis, T. annulata, A. platys, and E. canis species were identified at the molecular level in dogs in several provinces of Turkey, with E. canis being the most common species among tick-borne pathogens. Detailed studies should be conducted regarding the existence and prevalence of B. canis and Dermacentor reticulatus in eastern Turkey