Incidência E Mortalidade Por Aids Em Crianças E Adolescentes: Desafios Na Região Sul Do Brasil

The objective of this study is to describe the time trend of coefficients of incidence and mortality associated with AIDS in children and adolescents. An ecological time trend study was conducted among individuals under 14 living in the regional context of high incidence of AIDS – Porto Alegre and the State of Rio Grande do Sul – from 1996 to 2012. For this purpose, a segmented regression model was adjusted for age categories and place of residence. AIDS morbidity and mortality indicators in Porto Alegre are still higher than those registered in the State, the southern region and other areas of the country. In Porto Alegre, 59.1% of cases (371/628) occurred in children under four years of age, the incidence showed peaks in the period and the mortality dropped from 9 to 2 per 100,000. A significant decreasing in annual percentage change in mortality was observed especially in children under 1 year of age in Porto Alegre. This drop may be related to prevention and treatment of pregnant women. The challenge is to identify possible fragilities of the STD/AIDS Program and its vulnerable points in order to make specific interventions and investments with a greater impact potential. © 2016, Associacao Brasileira de Pos - Graduacao em Saude Coletiva. All rights reserved.21123889389

Activity and Rotation of Nearby Field M Dwarfs in the TESS Southern Continuous Viewing Zone

The evolution of magnetism in late-type dwarfs remains murky, as we can only weakly predict levels of activity for M dwarfs of a given mass and age. We report results from our spectroscopic survey of M dwarfs in the Southern Continuous Viewing Zone (CVZ) of the Transiting Exoplanet Survey Satellite (TESS). As the TESS CVZs overlap with those of the James Webb Space Telescope, our targets constitute a legacy sample for studies of nearby M dwarfs. For 122 stars, we obtained at least one R ≈ 2000 optical spectrum with which we measure chromospheric Hα emission, a proxy for magnetic field strength. The fraction of active stars is consistent with what is expected for field M dwarfs; as in previous studies, we find that late-type M dwarfs remain active for longer than their early-type counterparts. While the TESS light curves for ≈20% of our targets show modulations consistent with rotation, TESS systematics are not well enough understood for confident measurements of rotation periods (P rot) longer than half the length of an observing sector. We report periods for 12 stars for which we measure P rot ≲ 15 days or find confirmation for the TESS-derived P rot in the literature. Our sample of 21 P rot, which includes periods from the literature, is consistent with our targets being spun-down field stars. Finally, we examine the Hα-to-bolometric luminosity distribution for our sample. Two stars are rotating fast enough to be magnetically saturated, but are not, hinting at the possibility that fast rotators may appear inactive in Hα