Postpartum women’s use of medicines and breastfeeding practices: a systematic review

The objectives of this article are to systematically review i) the extent of medicine use in postpartum women, and ii) the impact of maternal medicine use (excluding contraceptives and galactogogues) on breastfeeding outcomes (initiation and/or duration). PubMed, Medline (Ovid), Scopus (Elsevier), Cinahl (EBSCO), PsycINFO (Ovid), Embase (Ovid) and Web of Science (ISI) databases were searched to find original studies on medicine use in women after the birth. Additional studies were identified by searching Google Scholar, Wiley Online Library, Springer Link, selected journals and from the reference list of retrieved articles. Observational studies with information about postpartum women’s use of any type of medicine either for chronic or acute illnesses with or without breastfeeding information were included. The majority of relevant studies suggest that more than 50 % of postpartum women (breastfeeding or not) required at least one medicine. Due to the lack of uniform medication use reporting system and differences in study designs, settings and samples, the proportion of medicine use by postpartum women varies widely, from 34 to 100 %. Regarding the impact of postpartum women’s medicine use on breastfeeding, a few studies suggest that women’s use of certain medicines (e.g. antiepileptics, propylthiouracil, antibiotics) during lactation can reduce initiation and/ or duration of breastfeeding. These studies are limited by small sample size, and with one exception, all were conducted in Canada more than a decade ago. Large scale studies are required to establish the relationship between maternal medicine use and breastfeeding, considering type of illness, period of use and total duration of medicine use

The impact of surgical delay on resectability of colorectal cancer: An international prospective cohort study

AIM: The SARS-CoV-2 pandemic has provided a unique opportunity to explore the impact of surgical delays on cancer resectability. This study aimed to compare resectability for colorectal cancer patients undergoing delayed versus non-delayed surgery. METHODS: This was an international prospective cohort study of consecutive colorectal cancer patients with a decision for curative surgery (January-April 2020). Surgical delay was defined as an operation taking place more than 4 weeks after treatment decision, in a patient who did not receive neoadjuvant therapy. A subgroup analysis explored the effects of delay in elective patients only. The impact of longer delays was explored in a sensitivity analysis. The primary outcome was complete resection, defined as curative resection with an R0 margin. RESULTS: Overall, 5453 patients from 304 hospitals in 47 countries were included, of whom 6.6% (358/5453) did not receive their planned operation. Of the 4304 operated patients without neoadjuvant therapy, 40.5% (1744/4304) were delayed beyond 4 weeks. Delayed patients were more likely to be older, men, more comorbid, have higher body mass index and have rectal cancer and early stage disease. Delayed patients had higher unadjusted rates of complete resection (93.7% vs. 91.9%, P = 0.032) and lower rates of emergency surgery (4.5% vs. 22.5%, P < 0.001). After adjustment, delay was not associated with a lower rate of complete resection (OR 1.18, 95% CI 0.90-1.55, P = 0.224), which was consistent in elective patients only (OR 0.94, 95% CI 0.69-1.27, P = 0.672). Longer delays were not associated with poorer outcomes. CONCLUSION: One in 15 colorectal cancer patients did not receive their planned operation during the first wave of COVID-19. Surgical delay did not appear to compromise resectability, raising the hypothesis that any reduction in long-term survival attributable to delays is likely to be due to micro-metastatic disease

Mise au point d’une méthode d’étude de l’efficacité des produits destinés à combattre Tetranychus urticae Koch, en serre légumière

Cette méthode tient compte de certaines caractéristiques biologiques de l’acarien et des propriétés physicochimiques des acaricides. L’expérimentation se déroule sur plus de 40 jours afin d’observer au moins 3 cycles du ravageur. La plante-hôte est l’aubergine, variété « Bonica ». Il est procédé à une infestation artificielle sur une feuille homologue de tous les pieds, dans la serre, ce qui permet une distribution spatiale à peu près homogène. Les observations ont lieu 3 fois par semaine ; elles concernent un ou deux secteurs foliaires délimités par la nervure principale et une nervure secondaire (fig. 1), en fonction de la population. On procède à 8 prélèvements par observation et par parcelle. La première application est générale quand la population sur les feuilles prélevées a atteint le seuil de traitement. Chaque parcelle est ensuite traitée indépendamment des autres, en fonction de l’évolution de sa population propre. A cet effet, un seuil d’intervention établi à 45 formes mobiles en moyenne par secteur foliaire prélevé a été défini. Lorsque ce seuil est atteint dans une parcelle, celle-ci est traitée le jour même. L’évolution de la population de chaque parcelle est représentée par une courbe qui sert à évaluer l’efficacité des produits et d’où l’on tire un certain nombre de critères, pour comparer les produits : surface sous la courbe, moyenne des dates d’application, moyenne des écarts entre les dates d’application, nombre de traitements appliqués.This method takes into count some biological characteristics of the mite as well as physico-chemical properties of the acaricide. The experiment takes place over a period exceeding 40 days to observe more than 3 pest cycles. The host-plant is eggplant, « Bonica » variety. The same leaf in each plant is artificially infested in the greenhouse, thus giving a homogeneous spatial distribution. The observation of one or 2 leaf sections determined by the main and a secondary vein (fig. 1 as a function of the population, occurs 3 times a week. Two sections are observed (1 + 3 or 2 + 4 as in figure 1) when the postembryological population in the first section (1 or 2) is < 50. Only one section (1 or 2) is observed when the postembryological population level exceeds 50. Eight samples per observation per plot. The first application is general when the population on sampled leaves has reached the treatment threshold (300 postembryological forms per section observed). Each plot is then treated independently, depending on the development of its own population. For this purpose, the intervention level was set for a mean population of 45 postembryological forms per sampled leaf section. When this level is reached in a plot, this plot is treated on the very same day. Population evolution in each plot is represented by a curve (fig. 4) used to evaluate the product efficacy. From this curve, a number of criteria are deducted to compare the different products : surface under the curve, mean of application dates, mean of intervals between application dates, number of treatments applied

Changes of electric patterns related to feeding in a mesophyll feeding leafhopper, Zyginidia scutellaris

International audienc

Nanisme du ble : Distribution geographique du vecteur et du virus

National audienc

Edwardsiana rosae devient-elle un ravageur ?

National audienc