Selection for growth is associated in gilthead sea bream (Sparus aurata) with diet flexibility, changes in growth patterns and higher intestine plasticity

Farmed gilthead sea bream (Sparus aurata) is able to grow efficiently with new feed formulations based on plant ingredients. Here, two experimental diets with standard and high inclusion levels of plant ingredients were formulated to assess the suited use of plant-based diets in fish with different growth genetic backgrounds. To pursue this issue, a long-term feeding trial (12-months) was conducted with fish (17 g initial body weight) of 16 families coming from the broodstock of PROGENSA project, that were grown communally in the IATS-CSIC experimental facilities. All fish in the study (2545) were PIT-tagged, and their pedigree was re-constructed with 96% success by using a SMsa1 multiplex of 11 microsatellites, which revealed the main parents contributions of 5 females and 6 males. Each diet was randomly assigned to replicate 3000 L tanks, gathering each replicate a similar family composition through all the feeding trial. Data on growth performance highlighted a strong ge- netic effect on growth trajectories, associated with enhanced growth during winter in fish selected for faster growth. No main dietary effects were found on growth rates or condition factor, and regression-correlation analyses of growth rates across families on both diets suggest that genome by diet interaction was weak, while genetic variation accounted for most of the growth phenotypic variation. Hepatosomatic index (HSI) and me- senteric fat index (MSI) of five families, covering the growth variability of the population, were regulated nu- tritionally and genetically, but without statistically significant genome by diet interactions. Fish from faster growing families showed shorter intestines after being fed the control diet, but this phenotype was masked by the enriched plant-based diet. Collectively, the results demonstrate that selection for faster growth is associated in gilthead sea bream with different growth trajectories and a high diet flexibility and intestine plasticity.Versión del editor2,04

Impact of low fish meal and fish oil diets on the performance, sex steroid profile and male-female sex reversal of gilthead sea bream (Sparus aurata) over a three-year production cycle

Juveniles of the protandrous hermaphrodite gilthead sea bream (Sparus aurata) were fed from early life stages to completion of sex maturation with plant-based diets formulated by BioMar. Total fish meal (FM) was included at 25% in the control diet (D1) and at 5% in the other three diets (D2, D3, D4). Added oil was either fish oil (FO) (D1) or a blend of vegetable oils replacing 58% (D2) and 84% (D3, D4) of FO. A commercial butyrate preparation (BP-70® NOREL) was added to the D4 diet at 0.4%. All fish grew fast through a three-year ongrowing cycle with overall specific growth rates of 1.4%, 0.7% and 0.5% for fish harvest at 300 g, 1 kg and 1.5–1.7 kg, respectively. Overall feed efficiency decreased progressively as fish size increased from 0.99 in 300 g fish to 0.8–0.7 in 1–1.7 kg fish. At the last stage, a clear sexual dimorphism was found for body weight and hepatosomatic index when all sampled fish were considered as a whole. A sexual dimorphism was also found for sex steroids with a peak of estradiol in the females sampled in October–December, whereas the peak of 11-ketotestosterone was delayed in males to December. Plasma levels of testosterone were similar in both sexes. The two first components of principal component analysis (PCA) explained >90% of total variance of plasma levels of sex steroids. The displacement along X-axis clearly separated males and females, whereas the movement along Y-axis was related to sampling time. An androgenic effect in the steroid plasma profile of fish fed plant-based diets was also shown, which was especially evident for the low FM/FO diet formulation (D3). This effect was reversed by butyrate and the female/male ratio of D4 fish (age class +3) did not differ from that of control fish, whereas the proportion of females in D2 + D3 fish was higher (P < 0.06) than in control fish (64% vs. 50%). This group also showed increased circulating levels of vitellogenin, non-detectable in males/intersex fish of any experimental group. Taken together, well balanced plant-based diets did not compromise the maximum growth of farmed gilthead sea bream over a 3-year production cycle, and data on key performance indicators with a wide range of FM/FO formulations can be considered as reference values for the species. It is noteworthy that the plant-based diets had an impact on sex reversal, but this effect was mitigated by butyrate supplementation.This work has been carried out with financial support from the European Union (ARRAINA, FP7-KBBE-2011-5-288925, Advanced Research Initiatives for Nutrition and Aquaculture). Additional funding was obtained from the Spanish MINECO (MI2-Fish, AGL2013-48560; Pubertrait, AGL2016-75400) and from Generalitat Valenciana (PROMETEO FASE II-2014/085 and 051).Peer reviewe

Stop Hypertension with SLP/UCM I

El Proyecto Stop Hipertensión con ApS/UCM pretende aportar nuestro granito de arena a la lucha contra la hipertensión arterial (HTA), utilizando una herramienta educativa de aprendizaje en servicio (ApS), que permita a los estudiantes de los Grados en ciencias de la salud de la UCM aprender a la vez que realizan un servicio público. La hipertensión arterial (HTA) es un problema de salud pública y un importante factor de riesgo de padecer enfermedades cardiovasculares (ECV). Su diagnóstico está determinado por la medida de la presión arterial (PA) por lo que es de extrema importancia asegurar una medida fiable y válida. La automedida de la PA (AMPA) consiste en la medida de la PA por el propio paciente o un familiar, habitualmente en su domicilio, y es una herramienta útil para el diagnóstico y control de la HTA. Pero ¿sabemos medirnos de forma correcta la PA? ¿Usamos bien los tensiómetros? ¿Sabemos interpretar los registros de la PA y cuándo consultar al médico? Realizar AMPA correctamente no es fácil y exige un esfuerzo extraordinario de recursos humanos y económicos por parte de los profesionales de Atención Primaria. Por ello son necesarias nuevas estrategias para capacitar a la población en AMPA. Con este Proyecto nos proponemos luchar contra la HTA a través de la metodología educativa de aprendizaje-servicio que combina objetivos académicos con el servicio comunitario. El alumnado de los grados de Ciencias de la Salud de la UCM forman a la población en la correcta AMPA, asesorándoles sobre el uso correcto de los tensiómetros, enseñándoles a interpretar los resultados y alertándoles de cuándo acudir al médico. En el curso 2022-2023, el servicio público se ha dirigido principalmente al colectivo de mayores por ser especialmente vulnerables a padecer ECV en los Ayuntamientos de Coslada, Alcobendas y Alcorcón, y en las residencias Afanias y Neurovida, y a la población general que acuda a la Facultad durante la Semana de la Ciencia CAM/UCM 2022, a la Feria de la Salud de Coslada y a la campaña contra la HTA de la UCM junto con el Servicio de Medicina del Trabajo. Hemos demostrado que este proyecto es una herramienta rentable y efectiva en la lucha contra la HTA, vinculando la salud pública, los recursos de los ayuntamientos y la universidad. Se cubre así una necesidad y servicio social que podría salvar muchas vidas con recursos de bajo costo, cumpliendo con los objetivos del desarrollo sostenible y con los objetivos de la Sociedad Española de Hipertensión (SEH-LELHA) y de la estrategia HEARTS de la OPS/OMS. Los estudiantes se dan cuenta de la realidad de la Salud pública al tener contacto directo con la población, realizando un servicio a la sociedad, y desarrollándose profesionalmente. Agrademos su colaboración a: Los ayuntamientos de Coslada, Alcorcón y Alcobendas de Madrid. Las residencias de mayores Afanias y Neurovida. Las Sociedades científicas SEH-LELHA, SECF y SEAPEC. El Dr. Orduñez, lider de la estrategia HEARTS PAHO/WHO Los colegios profesionales COFM y CODEM. Las empresas River International S.L. (Beurer) and Peroxfarma S.L. (Omrom)Oficina APS UCMDepto. de FisiologíaFac. de FarmaciaTRUEunpu