Caracterización clínica y serológica de las infecciones por el virus del dengue en la ciudad de Barranquilla y área metropolitana durante los años 2006 - 2007

Cincuenta millones de casos de dengue alrededor del mundo son reportados anualmente por la Organización Mundial de la Salud (OMS), ilustrando el impacto de esta enfermedad. Barranquilla está en riesgo de presentar epidemias de las formas más severas por la co-circulación de serotipos y localización geográfica.MaestríaMagister en Ciencias Básicas Biomédica

Manifestaciones clínicas y factores de riesgo asociados a la infección por Cryptosporidium en pacientes de Barranquilla y tres municipios del Atlántico (Colombia)

Resumen Objetivos: Caracterizar manifestaciones clínicas y factores de riesgo asociados a Cryptos- poridiosis. Materiales y métodos: Se realizó un estudio descriptivo transversal en 423 pacientes, con análisis macroscópico y microscópico de muestras fecales, para identificar manifestaciones clínicas y factores de riesgo asociados a Cryptosporidiosis en tres municipios del Atlántico y su capital en un período de 4 meses. Se identificaron ooquistes de Cryptosporidium spp. después de teñirse con Ziehl-Neelsen modificado. Se comparó el método de concentración NaCl saturado con el método en fresco, para la detección de parásitos intestinales en 279/423 (66.0%) pacientes. El análisis estadístico se realizó usando EPI-INFO 6.04. Resultados: La prevalencia de Cryptosporidium spp. fue 1.9% (8/423). Se encontraron asociaciones estadísticas entre cryptosporidiosis y fiebre (p=0.01), sangre en muestras fe- cales (p=0.01) y presencia de animales domiciliarios (p=0.02). La mayoría de los pacientes (267/423:20.3 %) fueron positivos para parásitos intestinales. Los parásitos identificados con mayor frecuencia fueron protozoos no enteropatógenos, Entamoeba coli (118/423: 27.9%) y Endolimax nana (86/423: 20.3%), seguido de Blastocystis hominis (76/423: 18%), Entamoeba histolytica/dispar (28/423: 6.6%) y Giardia lamblia (23/423: 5.4%). Ascaris lumbricoides (6/423: 1.4%) fue el helminto identificado con mayor frecuencia. Una sensibilidad/especificidad de 99.45/95.2% y 87.5%/99.6% se obtuvo para protozoos y helmintos respectivamente usando el método de NaCl saturado. Conclusiones: Los pacientes con cryptosporidosis tuvieron fiebre y muestras fecales san- guinolentas. Probablemente fueron infectados por animales domésticos. Microscópicamente, la utilización de la tinción Ziehl Neelsen modificado fue esencial para la identificación de ooquistes de Cryptosporidium spp. El método de NaCl saturado concentró eficientemente los parásitos. Palabras claves: Cryptosporidium spp., Ziehl-Neelsen modificado, parasitosis in- testinales. Abstract Objectives: To characterize the clinical manifestations and risk factors associated with cryptosporidiosis. Materials and methods: A descriptive study was performed on 423 patients, with mac- roscopic and microscopic faecal sample analyses, to identify the clinical manifestations and risk factors associated with cyptosporidiosis in 3 towns and the principal city in Atlantico (Colombia) over a 4-month period. Cryptosporidium spp oocysts were identified after stain- ing with modified Ziehl-Neelsen. A saturated NaCl parasite-concentration method was also compared with wet-mount method for the detection of all intestinal parasites in 279/423 (66.0%) patients. Statistical analyses were performed using EPI-INFO 6.04. Results: The prevalence of Cryptosporidium spp. was 1.9% (8/423). Statistical associations were found between cryptosporidiosis infections and fever (p=0.01), blood in the faecal samples (p=0.01) and the presence of household animals (p=0.02). Most of the patients (267/423: 63.1%) were positive for intestinal parasites. The most commonly identified parasites were the non-pathogenic protozoa, Entamoeba coli (118/423: 27.9%) and Endoli- max nana (86/423: 20.3%), followed by Blastocystis hominis (76/423: 18%), Entamoeba histolytica/dispar (28/423: 6.6%) and Giardia lamblia (23/423: 5.4%). Ascaris lumbricoi- des (6/423: 1.4%) was the most common helminth identified. Sensitivities/specificities of 99.4%/95.2% and 87.5%/99.6% were obtained for protozoa and helminths respectively using the saturated NaCl method. Conclusions: Patients with cryptosporidiosis had fever and bloody faecal samples, and were probably infected by domestic animals. Microscopy, using the modified Ziehl-Neelsen stain, was essential for Cryptosporidium spp. oocyst identification. The saturated NaCl method efficiently concentrated the parasites. Key words: Cryptosporidium spp., modified Ziehl-Neelsen stain, intestinal parasi- tesis

Manifestaciones clínicas y factores de riesgo asociados a la infección por Cryptosporidium en pacientes de Barranquilla y tres municipios del Atlántico (Colombia)

Resumen Objetivos: Caracterizar manifestaciones clínicas y factores de riesgo asociados a Cryptos- poridiosis. Materiales y métodos: Se realizó un estudio descriptivo transversal en 423 pacientes, con análisis macroscópico y microscópico de muestras fecales, para identificar manifestaciones clínicas y factores de riesgo asociados a Cryptosporidiosis en tres municipios del Atlántico y su capital en un período de 4 meses. Se identificaron ooquistes de Cryptosporidium spp. después de teñirse con Ziehl-Neelsen modificado. Se comparó el método de concentración NaCl saturado con el método en fresco, para la detección de parásitos intestinales en 279/423 (66.0%) pacientes. El análisis estadístico se realizó usando EPI-INFO 6.04. Resultados: La prevalencia de Cryptosporidium spp. fue 1.9% (8/423). Se encontraron asociaciones estadísticas entre cryptosporidiosis y fiebre (p=0.01), sangre en muestras fe- cales (p=0.01) y presencia de animales domiciliarios (p=0.02). La mayoría de los pacientes (267/423:20.3 %) fueron positivos para parásitos intestinales. Los parásitos identificados con mayor frecuencia fueron protozoos no enteropatógenos, Entamoeba coli (118/423: 27.9%) y Endolimax nana (86/423: 20.3%), seguido de Blastocystis hominis (76/423: 18%), Entamoeba histolytica/dispar (28/423: 6.6%) y Giardia lamblia (23/423: 5.4%). Ascaris lumbricoides (6/423: 1.4%) fue el helminto identificado con mayor frecuencia. Una sensibilidad/especificidad de 99.45/95.2% y 87.5%/99.6% se obtuvo para protozoos y helmintos respectivamente usando el método de NaCl saturado. Conclusiones: Los pacientes con cryptosporidosis tuvieron fiebre y muestras fecales san- guinolentas. Probablemente fueron infectados por animales domésticos. Microscópicamente, la utilización de la tinción Ziehl Neelsen modificado fue esencial para la identificación de ooquistes de Cryptosporidium spp. El método de NaCl saturado concentró eficientemente los parásitos. Palabras claves: Cryptosporidium spp., Ziehl-Neelsen modificado, parasitosis in- testinales. Abstract Objectives: To characterize the clinical manifestations and risk factors associated with cryptosporidiosis. Materials and methods: A descriptive study was performed on 423 patients, with mac- roscopic and microscopic faecal sample analyses, to identify the clinical manifestations and risk factors associated with cyptosporidiosis in 3 towns and the principal city in Atlantico (Colombia) over a 4-month period. Cryptosporidium spp oocysts were identified after stain- ing with modified Ziehl-Neelsen. A saturated NaCl parasite-concentration method was also compared with wet-mount method for the detection of all intestinal parasites in 279/423 (66.0%) patients. Statistical analyses were performed using EPI-INFO 6.04. Results: The prevalence of Cryptosporidium spp. was 1.9% (8/423). Statistical associations were found between cryptosporidiosis infections and fever (p=0.01), blood in the faecal samples (p=0.01) and the presence of household animals (p=0.02). Most of the patients (267/423: 63.1%) were positive for intestinal parasites. The most commonly identified parasites were the non-pathogenic protozoa, Entamoeba coli (118/423: 27.9%) and Endoli- max nana (86/423: 20.3%), followed by Blastocystis hominis (76/423: 18%), Entamoeba histolytica/dispar (28/423: 6.6%) and Giardia lamblia (23/423: 5.4%). Ascaris lumbricoi- des (6/423: 1.4%) was the most common helminth identified. Sensitivities/specificities of 99.4%/95.2% and 87.5%/99.6% were obtained for protozoa and helminths respectively using the saturated NaCl method. Conclusions: Patients with cryptosporidiosis had fever and bloody faecal samples, and were probably infected by domestic animals. Microscopy, using the modified Ziehl-Neelsen stain, was essential for Cryptosporidium spp. oocyst identification. The saturated NaCl method efficiently concentrated the parasites. Key words: Cryptosporidium spp., modified Ziehl-Neelsen stain, intestinal parasi- tesis

Síndrome HELLP. A propósito de un caso en el Hospital Universidad del Norte

Resumen El Síndrome Hellp es descrito como una enfermedad ocasional en la que ocurre hemólisis, enzimas hepáticas elevadas y trombocitopenia en pacientes con preeclampsial severa. Aunque las características del Síndrome Hellp pueden ser similares a las de la preeclampsia severa, muchos estudios han reportado algunas diferencias en su presentación clínica. Se hizo una revisión del número de casos de Síndrome Hellp en el servicio de gineco-obstetricia de nuestra institución, y encontramos 8 casos de abril a diciembre del 2005, lo que nos estimuló a revisar esta patología debido al incremento de su presentación. El objetivo de este caso clínico fue revisar factores de riesgo, curso clínico, manejo y hacer énfasis en la importancia del control prenatal en un caso presentado en el Hospital Universidad del Norte. Palabras claves: Síndrome Hellp, trombocitopenia, factores de riesgo, preeclampsia, embarazo, alto riesgo obstétrico / SALUD UNINORTE. Barranquilla (Col.) 2006; 22 (2): 188-194 Abstract The Hellp syndrome is described as an occasional disease where a combination of hemolysis, elevated liver enzymes, and thrombocytopenia is displayed in patients with severe gestational hypertension. While many features of Hellp syndrome may be similar to severe preeclampsia, several studies have reported some differences in their clinical presentation. A casesreview of Hellp syndrome was performed in gynecology and obstetric service. Eight cases were found from april to december of 2005, which stimulate to review this pathology. The aim of this clinic case was to review the risk factors, the clinic course and the management, with an emphasis on the importance of prenatal care in a case presented in Universidad del Norte Hospital. Key words: Hellp syndrome, thrombocytopenia, risk factors, preeclampsia , pregnancy, high risk pregnanc

Adrenohepatic fusion: Adhesion or invasion in primary virilizant giant adrenal carcinoma? Implications for surgical resection. Two case report and review of the literature

Introduction: Adrenohepatic fusion means union between the adrenal gland and the liver, intermingling its parenchymas. It is not possible to identify this condition by image tests. Its presence implies radical and multidisciplinar approach. Presentation of cases: We report two female cases of 45 and 50 years old with clinical virilization and palpable mass on the abdominal right upper quadrant corresponding to adrenocortical carcinoma with hepatic fusion. The contrast-enhanced tomography showed an indistinguishable mass involving the liver and the right adrenal gland. In the first case, the patient had a two-time operation, the former removing only the adrenal carcinoma, and the second performing a radical surgery after an early relapse. In the second case, a radical right en bloc adrenohepatectomy was performed. Both cases were pathologically reported as liver-infiltrating adrenal carcinoma. Only in the second case the surgery was radical effective as first intention to treat, with 3 years of disease-free survival. Discussion: ACC is a rare entity with poor prognosis. The major indicators of malignancy are tumour diameter over 6 cm, local invasion or metastasis, secretion of corticosteroids, virilization and hypertension and hypokalaemia. The parenchymal fusion of the adrenal cortical layer can be misdiagnosed as hepatocellular carcinoma with adhesion with the Glisson capsule. AHF in such cases may be misinterpreted during surgery, what may impair its resectability, and therefore the survival. The surgical treatment must be performed en bloc, often using liver vascular control. Postoperative treatment must be offered immediately after surgery. Conclusion: We report two consecutive rare cases of adrenohepatic fusion in giant right adrenocortical carcinoma, not detectable by imaging, what has important implications for the surgical decision-making. As radical surgery is the best choice to offer a curative treatment, it has to be performed by a multidisciplinary well-assembled team, counting with endocrine and liver surgeons, and transplant surgeons in case of vena cava involvement, in order to maximize the disease-free survival