Supuestos de relevancia del Derecho canónico en el Ordenamiento civil español. (A propósito de las Sentencias del Tribunal Supremo de 27 de febrero y de 6 de octubre de 1997).

Material incluido en el volumen especial de la revista del Instituto Martín de Azpilcueta, Universidad de Navarra : Ius Canonicum (1999), en honor de Javier Hervada

On the driver of relativistic effects strength in Seyfert galaxies

Spectroscopy of X-ray emission lines emitted in accretion discs around supermassive black holes is one of the most powerful probes of the accretion flow physics and geometry, while also providing in principle observational constraints on the black hole spin.[...] We aim at determining the ultimate physical driver of the strength of this relativistic reprocessing feature. We first extend the hard X-ray flux-limited sample of Seyfert galaxies studied so far (FERO, de la Calle Perez et al. 2010) to obscured objects up to a column density N_H=6x10^23 atoms/cm/cm. We verify that none of the line properties depends on the AGN optical classification, as expected from the Seyfert unification scenarios. There is also no correlation between the accretion disc inclination, as derived from formal fits of the line profiles, and the optical type or host galaxy aspect angle, suggesting that the innermost regions of the accretion disc and the host galaxy plane are not aligned. [...]. Data are not sensitive enough to the detailed ionisation state of the line-emitting disc. However, the lack of dependency of the line EW on either the luminosity or the rest-frame centroid energy rules out that disc ionisation plays an important role on the EW dynamical range in Seyferts. The dynamical range of the relativistically broadened K-alpha iron line EW in nearby Seyferts appears to be mainly determined by the properties of the innermost accretion flow. We discuss several mechanisms (disc ionisation, disc truncation, aberration due to a mildly relativistic outflowing corona) which can explain this. [...] Observational data are still not in contradiction with scenarios invoking different mechanisms for the spectral complexity around the iron line, most notably the "partial covering" absorption scenario. (abridged).Comment: Accepted for publication on Astronomy & Astrophysics. 14 pages, 9 figure

Conservation status of the world’s carnivorous mammals (order Carnivora)

CRUE-CSIC (Acuerdos Transformativos 2022)The conservation of carnivores (order Carnivora) can lead to the conservation of other species as well as entire ecosystems since they play an important ecosystemic role. However, their predatory behaviour has caused many of these species to experience marked population declines worldwide and they may therefore face greater anthropogenic threats than other animal groups. To examine the conservation status, population trends, distribution patterns, habitats and threats of all extant species belonging to this order (N=290), we collected data from the International Union for the Conservation of Nature's Red List. In addition, we calculated the Red List Index (RLI) to measure the change in extinction risk of species over time. Carnivores are more threatened than mammals in general (26.9% of endangered species vs. 22.7%) and have a signifcantly higher proportion of species with declining populations (48.3% vs. 31.9%). Eupleridae, Ursidae and Felidae families have the worst conservation status. Between the 1990s and 2000s, most families sufered a considerable decline in their RLI value, the most notable being Felidae. The greatest numbers of threatened carnivore species are found in forest, shrubland and grassland habitats. East and South Asia hold great numbers of carnivore species as well as the highest proportion of threatened and declining species. Hunting and trapping of terrestrial animals, along with habitat loss (caused by deforestation and agricultural expansion), pose the main threats to the Carnivora order. Our fndings indicate that, within mammals, the conservation of carnivores should be a priority, and conservation measures directed at this group should be undertaken or increased as a matter of urgency.Depto. de Biodiversidad, Ecología y EvoluciónFac. de Ciencias BiológicasTRUEpu

La protección de los lugares de culto en las organizaciones internacionales (especial referencia a la jurisprudencia del Tribunal Europeo de Derechos Humanos)

La protección de los lugares de culto frente a los ataques consentidos o propiciados por los gobiernos se ha convertido en uno de los asuntos que más preocupa a las organizaciones internacionales para la protección de los derechos humanos. En la primera parte del trabajo, dedicada a las declaraciones de los órganos de Nacio- nes Unidas, la Unión Europea y el Consejo de Europa, la lectura de los informes de estos órganos dibuja un preciso mapa de los puntos calientes en materia de intolerancia religiosa, en donde la posesión y reunión pacífica en los lugares de culto de las minorías son sistemáticamente violados. En la segunda se estudian las resoluciones del Tribunal europeo de derechos humanos, en donde se pre- cisa, con una detallada argumentación jurídica, las condiciones básicas de la apertura y establecimiento de los lugares de culto conformes con los standards mínimos del derecho a la libertad religiosa consagrado en el artículo 9 de la Convención Europea.One of the major issues of concern in the international organizations of human rights is the protection of places of worship against attacks of other groups or governments. The first part of this paper analyzes the documents of United Nation, European Union or Council of Europe organizations dealing with human rights. The result of the research offers a precise map of the «hot spots» of religious intolerance along the world. Main aspects of religious liberty, as the access to places of worship, the peaceful reunion inside them or the conservation, are infringed. The second part focuses on the European Court of Human Rights cases dealing with places of worship. We could notice how the Court analyzes carefully conditions and limitations of the establishment of places of worship in several European States, examining accomplishment with the minimum standards of the right of religious freedom enshrine in article 9 of the European Convention