DYNAMICS OF VEGETATION IN AN ATLANTIC FOREST FRAGMENT IN NORTHEASTERN BRAZIL

Para testar a hip\uf3tese que a fisionomia, estrutura e din\ue2mica de esp\ue9cies lenhosas s\ue3o influenciadas pelo gradiente espacial borda-interior, foram coletados dados desses par\ue2metros em 2004, 2007 e 2010 em um fragmento de Floresta Atl\ue2ntica. Foram amostradas para o Dossel (DS), plantas com circunfer\ueancia do caule a altura do peito (CAP) > 15 cm e do sub-bosque (SB) com circunfer\ueancia ao n\uedvel do solo entre > 3 cm e CAP < 15 cm em um gradiente borda-interior formado h\ue1 35 anos. Em 2004, foram avaliadas tr\ueas posi\ue7\uf5es no fragmento: borda, intermedi\ue1ria e interior (> 150 m do limite florestal), sendo analisados 1000 m\ub2 por local, divididos em parcelas de 10 m\ub2, para medir os indiv\uedduos de maior classe. Em cada parcela foi instalada uma subparcela de 5 m\ub2 para amostragem do sub-bosque. Foram recolhidos ramos de tr\ueas indiv\uedduos adultos das esp\ue9cies, para obten\ue7\ue3o da densidade da madeira. O n\ufamero de indiv\uedduos (NI), \ue1rea basal (AB), taxa de mortalidade (TM), taxa de recrutamento (TR), incremento peri\uf3dico anual em di\ue2metro (IPA), taxa de perda (P) e ganho (G) de \ue1rea basal e as taxas de rotatividade em n\ufamero de indiv\uedduos (TN) e em \ue1rea basal (TA) da classe do componente arb\uf3reo nos tr\ueas locais evidenciaram n\ue3o haver efeito de borda significativo. Na borda, o sub-bosque teve menores valores de NI e AB e maiores TM, que no interior do fragmento. Diferen\ue7as entre os estratos acontecem, independentemente do selamento da borda, j\ue1 que plantas jovens na maior classe amostral apresentam indiv\uedduos no SB, que s\ue3o mais sens\uedveis que as \ue1rvores adultas \ue0s mudan\ue7as causadas pela cria\ue7\ue3o da borda. Taxas de perda e ganho de AB e de rotatividade em NI e AB, no SB, apresentaram valores maiores que no DS, o que aponta para um estrato com maiores mudan\ue7as. No DS n\ue3o ocorreram diferen\ue7as de riqueza de esp\ue9cies entre os ambientes, distinto do observado no SB. A composi\ue7\ue3o flor\uedstica no DS nos ambientes mais pr\uf3ximos ao limite florestal foi bastante distinta que a do interior, indicando que ainda n\ue3o houve recupera\ue7\ue3o da composi\ue7\ue3o flor\uedstica. Todos os ambientes do SB tiveram baixa similaridade. As bordas do DS e SB apresentaram maior concentra\ue7\ue3o de indiv\uedduos em intervalos de classe de menores valores de densidade de madeira. O DS j\ue1 recuperou a biomassa, embora os ambientes de borda e intermedi\ue1rio n\ue3o tenham recuperado a composi\ue7\ue3o de esp\ue9cies tardias. O SB ainda sofre efeito de borda. Possivelmente, a maior concentra\ue7\ue3o de indiv\uedduos em classe de menor densidade da madeira sendo resultado na borda.To test the hypothesis that the physiognomy, structure and dynamics of woody species are influenced by the spatial gradient edge-interior, data were collected from these parameters in 2004, 2007 and 2010 in an Atlantic forest fragment. Species were sampled for the Canopy (DS), with circumference > 15 cm to 1.3 m soil and understory (SB) in circumference between ground level> 3 cm and CAP <15 cm on edge-gradient formed within 35 years. In 2004, we assessed three positions in the fragment: edge, intermediate and inner (> 150 m from the forest boundary), and analyzed 1,000 m\ub2 per site, divided into plots of 10 m\ub2, to measure individuals of higher class. In each plot a sub-plot of 5 m\ub2 for sampling understory was installed. Branches were collected from three adult individuals from the species to obtain the density of the wood. The number of individuals (NI), basal area (BA), mortality (TM), recruitment rate (TR), periodic annual diameter increment (IPA), loss rate (P) and gain rate (G) Area and basal turnover rates in number of individuals (TN) and basal area (TA) class tree component in the three locations showed no significant edge effect. At the edge, the understory had lower values of NI and AB and higher TM than in the forest interior. Differences between the strata occur regardless of edge sealing, since young plants present in most individuals in the sample class SB, which are more sensitive than adult trees to changes caused by the creation of the edge. Rates of loss and gain of AB and AB turnover in NI and in SB presented higher values than on the DS, which points to a stratum with larger changes. In DS there were no differences in species richness among environments differs from that observed in SB. The floristic composition of the DS in environments closer to the forest limit was quite distinct from that of the interior, indicating that there has been no recovery of floristic composition. All environments SB had low similarity. The edges of the DS and SB had a higher concentration of individuals in class intervals smaller density values timber. The DS has already recovered biomass, although the edge and intermediate environments have not recovered species composition late. The SB still suffers the edge effect. Possibly, the highest concentration of individuals is in class with lower density wood result on edge

PHYSIOGNOMY AND VEGETATION STRUCTURE IN DIFFERENT ENVIRONMENTS OF \u201cCAATINGA\u201d IN \u201cSERRA TALHADA\u201d PERNAMBUCO STATE, BRAZIL

Este estudo foi realizado com o objetivo de investigar a influ\ueancia da heterogeneidade espacial dos fatores abi\uf3ticos sobre os padr\uf5es espaciais da estrutura da vegeta\ue7\ue3o do componente lenhoso e sua regenera\ue7\ue3o em uma \ue1rea de caatinga, no sert\ue3o de Pernambuco. O estudo foi realizado em uma \ue1rea de caatinga localizada no Parque Estadual da Mata da Pimenteira, munic\uedpio de Serra Talhada, Pernambuco. A amostragem foi dividida em dois ambientes, um pr\uf3ximo ao curso d\u2019\ue1gua com vegeta\ue7\ue3o mais densa (I) e outro a 100 m do curso d\u2019\ue1gua com vegeta\ue7\ue3o mais aberta (II). Em cada ambiente foram instaladas quatro parcelas permanentes de 20 7 50 m subdivididas em 10 parcelas de 10 7 10 m, nas quais foram medidos os indiv\uedduos vivos com di\ue2metro do caule ao n\uedvel do solo (DNS) 65 3 cm e altura total 65 1 m. Em um dos v\ue9rtices de cada parcela foi plotada uma subparcela de 2 7 2 m para medir a altura e o di\ue2metro dos indiv\uedduos das esp\ue9cies amostradas no componente lenhoso com DNS entre 0,5 e 2,9 cm (regenera\ue7\ue3o). Foram calculados os descritores fitossociol\uf3gicos gerais da comunidade dos diferentes ambientes e avaliada a distribui\ue7\ue3o de indiv\uedduos em histogramas, tanto do componente lenhoso como para a regenera\ue7\ue3o. Ap\uf3s verifica\ue7\ue3o da normalidade pelo teste Kolmogorov-Smirnov, os valores dos descritores fitossociol\uf3gicos por parcela foram comparados entre os ambientes. Nos dados com distribui\ue7\ue3o normal, foi empregada a an\ue1lise de vari\ue2ncia (ANOVA) de um crit\ue9rio. Dados sem distribui\ue7\ue3o normal foram analisados pelo teste n\ue3o param\ue9trico de Mann- Whitney. Os ambientes apresentaram diferen\ue7as significativas quanto ao n\ufamero de indiv\uedduos (4047,5 versus 3332,5 ind.ha-1) e \ue1rea basal (23,6 versus 17,6 m2. ha-1), com valores significativamente superiores no ambiente I, padr\ue3o oposto ao da regenera\ue7\ue3o em que o n\ufamero de indiv\uedduos e a \ue1rea basal foram maiores no ambiente II (9187,5 versus 10937,5 ind.ha-1) e (1,9 versus 2,5 m2. ha-1), respectivamente. No total foram amostradas 50 esp\ue9cies (incluindo o componente arb\uf3reo e regenerante), havendo diferen\ue7as significativas em termos de diversidade entre os ambientes nos diferentes estratos, embora a similaridade seja superior a 80%. A maioria das vari\ue1veis qu\uedmicas e texturais dos solos n\ue3o diferiram estatisticamente, com exce\ue7\ue3o dos teores de Al3+ que apresentou teores superiores no ambiente I. Das demais vari\ue1veis ed\ue1ficas, apenas a pedregosidade diferiu entre os ambientes I e II (3,87 versus 1,47%). A distin\ue7\ue3o fision\uf4mica da vegeta\ue7\ue3o entre os ambientes \ue9 resultado da presen\ue7a de popula\ue7\uf5es com indiv\uedduos de maiores alturas e di\ue2metros no ambiente I. A heterogeneidade espacial das vari\ue1veis ambientais encontrada nos ambientes estudados, explicou parte das varia\ue7\uf5es das caracter\uedsticas flor\uedstico-estrutural da vegeta\ue7\ue3o.This study aimed to investigate the influence of spatial heterogeneity of abiotic factors on the spatial patterns of vegetation structure of the woody component and of its regeneration; it was carried out in an area of \u201ccaatinga\u201d located in the Parque Estadual Mata of Pimenteira, municipality of \u201cSerra Talhada\u201d, interior of Pernambuco State, Brazil. The sample was divided into two environments, one near the watercourse with denser vegetation (I) and another at 100 meters away from the watercourse with more open vegetation (II). In each environment, four permanent plots of 20 750 m were installed and divided into ten plots of 10 710 m; alive individuals with stem ground level diameter (GD) of 653 cm and total height of 651 m were measured. In one corner of each plot, a sub-plot of 2 72 m was allocated to measure the individuals\u2019 height and diameter of the sampled species in woody component with GD from 0.5 to 2.9 cm (regeneration). Community\u2019s general phytosociological descriptors of the different environments were calculated and the individuals\u2019 distribution in histograms was evaluated for the woody component as for regeneration. After testing for normality using Kolmogorov-Smirnov test, values of phytosociological descriptors per plot were compared between the environments. Analysis of variance (ANOVA) of a criterion was used for data with normal distribution. Data without normal distribution were analyzed by non-parametric Mann- Whitney test. Environments showed significant differences in the number of individuals (4047.5 versus 3332.5 ind.ha-1) and basal area (23.6 versus 17.6 m2. ha-1) with significantly higher values in environment I; this pattern was opposite to the regenerating pattern in which the number of individuals and basal area were higher in the environment II (9187.5 vs. 10937.5 ind.ha-1 and 1.9 vs. 2.5 m2. ha-1, respectively). In total, fifty species, including woody and regenerating component, were sampled; significant differences in diversity were found between environments in the different strata, although the similarity was more than 80%. Most chemical and textural soil variables did not differ statistically, except for levels of Al3+, which showed higher levels in the environment I. Among other edaphic variables, only the stony variables differed between environments I and II (3.87 versus 1.47%). The vegetation physiognomic distinction between the environments is result from populations\u2019 presence of individuals with greater heights and diameters in the environment I. The spatial heterogeneity of environmental variables found in the studied environments explained part of changes in floristic and structural characteristics of the vegetation

Expression of Interest for a Phase-II LHCb Upgrade: Opportunities in flavour physics, and beyond, in the HL-LHC era

https://cds.cern.ch/record/224431