5,214 research outputs found
Turbulent spectra and spectral kinks in the transition range from MHD to kinetic Alfv\'en turbulence
A weakly dispersive sub-range (WDR) of kinetic Alfv\'en turbulence is
distinguished and investigated for the first time in the context of MHD/kinetic
turbulence transition. We found perpendicular wavenumber spectra ~ k^{-3} and ~
k^{-4} formed in WDR by strong and weak turbulence of kinetic Alfv\'en waves
(KAWs), respectively. These steep WDR spectra connect shallower spectra in the
MHD and strongly dispersive KAW sub-ranges, which results in a specific
double-kink (2-k) pattern often seen in observed turbulent spectra. The first
kink occurs where MHD turbulence transforms into weakly dispersive KAW
turbulence; the second one is between weakly and strongly dispersive KAW
sub-ranges. Our analysis suggests that the partial turbulence dissipation due
to amplitude-dependent super-adiabatic ion heating may occur in the vicinity of
the first spectral kink. A threshold-like nature of this process results in a
conditional selective dissipation affecting only largest over-threshold
amplitudes and decreasing intermittency in the range below the first spectral
kink. Several recent counter-intuitive observational findings can be explained
by the selective dissipation coupled to the nonlinear interaction among weakly
dispersive KAWs.Comment: 11 pages, 3 figure
Model based control strategies for a class of nonlinear mechanical sub-systems
This paper presents a comparison between various control strategies for a class of mechanical actuators common in heavy-duty industry. Typical actuator components are hydraulic or pneumatic elements with static non-linearities, which are commonly referred to as Hammerstein systems. Such static non-linearities may vary in time as a function of the load and hence classical inverse-model based control strategies may deliver sub-optimal performance. This paper investigates the ability of advanced model based control strategies to satisfy a tolerance interval for position error values, overshoot and settling time specifications. Due to the presence of static non-linearity requiring changing direction of movement, control effort is also evaluated in terms of zero crossing frequency (up-down or left-right movement). Simulation and experimental data from a lab setup suggest that sliding mode control is able to improve global performance parameters
On the potential of using fractional-order systems to model the respiratory impedance
This contribution provides an analysis of the human respiratory system in frequency domain by means of estimating the respiratory impedance. Further on, analysis of several models for human respiratory impedance is done, leading to the conclusion that a fractional model gives a better description of the impedance than the classical theory of integer-order systems. A mathematical analysis follows, starting from the conclusions obtained heuristically. Correlation to the physiological characteristics of the respiratory system is discussed
The disturbance model in model based predictive control
Model Based Predictive Control (MBPC) is a control methodology which uses a process model on-line in the control computer; this model is used for calculating output predictions and optimizing control actions. The importance of the system model has been generally recognized, but less attention has been paid to the role of the disturbance model. In this paper the importance of the disturbance model is indicated with respect to the EPSAC approach to MBPC. To illustrate this importance, an example of this advanced control methodology applied to a typical mechatronic system is presented, to compare the performances obtained by using different disturbance models. It clearly shows the benefits of using an "intelligent" disturbance model instead of the "default" model generally adopted in practice
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