Advances in Yield Calibration of Scintillators

By means of a photomultiplier tube, a Si-photodiode, and a Si-avalanche photodiode, the absolute scintillation yield of recently developed LaBr3:Ce, LaCl3:Ce, and (Lu Y)2SiO5:Ce scintillators and traditional Lu2SiO5:Ce, Bi4Ge3O12, NaI:Tl CsI:Tl, and CsI:Na scintillators were determined. These are all well known scintillators that cover emission wavelengths from 250 nm to 750 nm. By comparing the scintillation yield independently measured with the three different photon detectors reliable yield values are obtained.Radiation, Radionuclides and ReactorsApplied Science

Gamma ray spectroscopy with a O19/spl times/19 mm/sup 3/ LaBr/sub 3/:0.5% Ce/sup 3+/ scintillator

Applied Science

Scintillation properties of O 1/spl times/1 Inch/sup 3/ LaBr/sub 3/: 5%Ce/sup 3+/ crystal

Applied Science

Li-Based Thermal Neutron Scintillator Research: Rb2LiYBr6 : Ce3+ and Other Elpasolites

Radiation, Radionuclides and ReactorsApplied Science

Luminescence quenching by photoionization and electron transport in a LaAlO3:Ce3+ crystal

A combined photoconductivity, absorption, and thermoluminescence study was performed to understand the absence of luminescence from Ce3+ in LaAlO3:Ce3+. It is demonstrated that the absence of luminescence is the result of Ce3+ ionization from the 5d excited states, which are all located in the conduction band. Ce3+ ionization is accompanied by the formation of several broad absorption and photoconductivity bands, which are assigned to electron traps. A time and temperature dependent optical investigation of these traps reveals the conditions under which electrons are transferred from Ce3+ to traps and vice versa, from traps back to Ce4+. The observed difference in energy needed to thermally or optically release electrons from traps is qualitatively explained in terms of the location of the ground and excited states of the electron traps with respect to the conduction band.Radiation, Radionuclides and ReactorsApplied Science

33000 photons per MeV from mixed (Lu0.75Y0.25)3Al5O12:Pr scintillator crystals

(LuxY1-x)3Al5O12:Pr (x = 0.25, 0.50, 0.75) crystals have been grown by the Czochralski method and their scintillation properties have been examined. Compared to the well-respected LuAG:Pr scintillator, which has so extensively been studied in the recent years, the new mixed LuYAG:Pr crystals display markedly higher light yields, regardless of the value of x. In particular, (Lu0.75Y0.25)3Al5O12:0.2%Pr characterized by a yield of 33000 ph/MeV, an energy resolution of 4.4% (at 662 keV), and a density of 6.2 g/cm3, seems to be an ideal candidate to supercede Lu3Al5O12:0.2%Pr (19000 ph/MeV, 4.6%, 6.7 g/cm3) in various applications. The observed enhancement of light output following the partial substitution of lutetium by yttrium is most probably related to some specific differences in distributions of shallow traps in particular materials.RST/Radiation, Science and TechnologyApplied Science