4,282 research outputs found
Development and Validation of an Index Based on EAT-Lancet Recommendations: The Planetary Health Diet Index
The EAT-Lancet Commission has proposed a planetary health diet. We propose the development of the Planetary Health Diet Index (PHDI) based on this proposed reference diet. We used baseline dietary data obtained through a 114-item FFQ from 14, 779 participants of the Longitudinal Study on Adult Health, a multicenter cohort study conducted in Brazil. The PHDI has 16 components and a score from 0 to 150 points. Validation and reliability analyses were performed, including principal component analyses, association with selected nutrients, differences in means between groups (for example, smokers vs. non-smokers), correlations between components and total energy intake, Cronbach''s alpha, item-item correlations, and linear regression analysis between PHDI with carbon footprint and overall dietary quality. The mean PHDI was 60.4 (95% CI 60.2:60.5). The PHDI had six dimensions, was associated in an expected direction with the selected nutrients and was significantly (p < 0.001) lower in smokers (59.0) than in non-smokers (60.6). Cronbach''s alpha value was 0.51. All correlations between components were low, as well as between components and PHDI with total energy intake. After adjustment for age and sex, the PHDI score remained associated (p < 0.001) with a higher overall dietary quality and lower carbon footprint. Thus, we confirmed the PHDI validity and reliability
Prevalence of iron deficiency anemia and iron deficiency in a pediatric population with inflammatory bowel disease
OBJECTIVES: Iron deficiency is the most common cause of anemia in children with inflammatory bowel disease, although the real prevalence is unknown. Intravenous iron is suggested as the first line treatment. This study aims to determine the prevalence of iron deficiency anemia in children with inflammatory bowel disease followed in a Pediatric Gastroenterology Unit of a tertiary center and to evaluate this unit's experience with intravenous iron.
MATERIALS AND METHODS: A retrospective cohort study was designed involving children with inflammatory bowel disease followed in that unit between January 2001 and April 2016. Laboratory results were collected at the moment of diagnosis, after one-year follow-up and prior each IV iron administration performed during the study period. Anemia was defined according to World Health Organization criteria and the iron deficiency was defined using recent guidelines.
RESULTS: Were studied 69 patients 71% had CD and 29% UC. 50.7% were female. Mean patient age at diagnosis was 13.3 years (range 1--17 years). Prevalence of ID and IDA at diagnosis was 76.8% and 43.5%, respectively. After one year follow-up, those values decreased to 68.1% (p=.182) and 21.7% (p=.002), respectively. Hemoglobin significantly increased (p<.001). Intravenous iron was administered to 92.8% of patients. No adverse reactions were reported.
CONCLUSIONS: Intravenous iron is the first line in the treatment of Iron deficiency anemia in Inflammatory Bowel disease and it is safe and effective. Persistent anemia and iron deficiency are common.info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio
Neuropatia Auditiva: Avaliação ClĂnica E Abordagem diagnĂłstica
A neuropatia auditiva Ă© uma condição na qual hĂĄ alteração na condução neuronal do estĂmulo sonoro. Este trabalho pretende descrever e caracterizar a casuĂstica de doentes com neuropatia auditiva. Material e MĂ©todos: RealizĂĄmos um estudo transversal, retrospetivo, com descrição de uma sĂ©rie de casos consecutivos. O diagnĂłstico da neuropatia auditiva foi definido nas seguintes situaçÔes: Presença de otoemissĂ”es acĂșsticas com potenciais auditivos de tronco encefĂĄlico ausente ou anormal e presença do microfonismo coclear independentemente da presença de otoemissĂ”es acĂșsticas. Resultados: Foram avaliados 34 doentes com perda auditiva bilateral, 67% deles do sexo masculino. O aparecimento dos sintomas foi congĂȘnito em 80% dos casos. Na pesquisa das otoemissĂ”es acĂșsticas, a resposta foi ausente em 67% dos doentes. O icrofonismo coclear foi detetado em 79% dos doentes. Antecedentes gestacionais, perinatais ou ambientais relevantes estiveram presentes em 35,3% dos casos. DiscussĂŁo: A literatura mĂ©dica ainda apresenta grande variabilidade nos achados relacionados com a neuropatia auditiva, tanto na sua etiologia quanto nos dados epidemiolĂłgicos. ConclusĂŁo: A neuropatia auditiva apresenta um amplo espectro de alteraçÔes que podem resultar em disfunçÔes leves a severas no funcionamento da via auditiva. Na nossa amostra, observĂĄmos que 80% das neuropatias auditivas terĂŁo tido origem congĂȘnita e/ou apresenta microfonismo coclear, 91% dos doentes apresenta dĂ©fice auditivo significativo e 53% sofrem de surdez severa ou profunda.2935335
Targeted Next-Generation Sequencing Study in Familial ALS-FTD Portuguese Patients Negative for C9orf72 HRE
Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) is a neurodegenerative disease with clinical and etiological heterogeneity and a complex genetic contribution. Clinical, neuropathological, and genetic evidence revealed that ALS and frontotemporal dementia (FTD) are in part of a single disease continuum. Genetic causes have been identified in sporadic (SALS) and familial patients (FALS) and the recurrent genetic factor underlying ALS and FTD is the C9orf72 hexanucleotide repeat expansion (HRE). However, in our population, the concomitance of ALS and FTD cannot be explained by C9orf72 HRE in many FALS and SALS cases. Our aim is to further understand the genetic basis of ALS in Portuguese patients. 34 patients with FALS or SALS-FTD, negative for C9orf72 HRE, were screened for rare variants in a panel of 29 relevant genes by next-generation sequencing. We detected 15 variants in 11 genes, one classified as pathogenic in TARDBP, two as likely pathogenic in TARDBP and PRPH, and the others as variants of unknown significance (VUS). Gene variants, including VUS, were found in 41.2% FALS patients and 40% SALS-FTD. In most patients, no potential pathogenic variants were found. Our results emphasize the need to enhance the efforts to unravel the genetic architecture of ALS-FTD.info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio
The Power of Non-Determinism in Higher-Order Implicit Complexity
We investigate the power of non-determinism in purely functional programming
languages with higher-order types. Specifically, we consider cons-free programs
of varying data orders, equipped with explicit non-deterministic choice.
Cons-freeness roughly means that data constructors cannot occur in function
bodies and all manipulation of storage space thus has to happen indirectly
using the call stack.
While cons-free programs have previously been used by several authors to
characterise complexity classes, the work on non-deterministic programs has
almost exclusively considered programs of data order 0. Previous work has shown
that adding explicit non-determinism to cons-free programs taking data of order
0 does not increase expressivity; we prove that this - dramatically - is not
the case for higher data orders: adding non-determinism to programs with data
order at least 1 allows for a characterisation of the entire class of
elementary-time decidable sets.
Finally we show how, even with non-deterministic choice, the original
hierarchy of characterisations is restored by imposing different restrictions.Comment: pre-edition version of a paper accepted for publication at ESOP'1
SPORTS DEVELOPMENT ENVIRONMENT IN SWIMMING CLUBS: A PRELIMINARY STUDY ON PORTUGUESE SWIMMERS' PERCEPTIONS
The main purpose of this article was to analyse the perceptions of Portuguese swimmers about their context of sport development. We studied the perceptions of 207 Portuguese national level swimmers (Junior and Senior), both males and females, from 28 swimming clubs. The swimmers were differentiated into three groups, according to the club performance level. In this work was applied an adapted version of the Talent Development Environment Questionnaire for Sport (TDEQ), which revealed, statistically, as having an excellent (> .8) or satisfactory (> .6) reliability in 5 out of 7 factors. On the other hand, the commonalities linked to each variable show huge variance (between 0.04 and 0.768). Analysing the results about the swimmer's perceptions, data suggests that the sport development environment does not appear to be significantly different within the 28 Portuguese swimming clubs involved on different sporting divisions
Endometrial Cancer Spheres Show Cancer Stem Cells Phenotype and Preference for Oxidative Metabolism
This study aimed to characterize endometrial cancer regarding cancer stem cells (CSC) markers, regulatory and differentiation pathways, tumorigenicity and glucose metabolism. Endometrial cancer cell line ECC1 was submitted to sphere forming protocols. The first spheres generation (ES1) was cultured in adherent conditions (G1). This procedure was repeated and was obtained generations of spheres (ES1, ES2 and ES3) and spheres-derived cells in adherent conditions (G1, G2 and G3). Populations were characterized regarding CD133, CD24, CD44, aldehyde dehydrogenase (ALDH), hormonal receptors, HER2, P53 and ÎČ-catenin, fluorine-18 fluorodeoxyglucose ([18F]FDG) uptake and metabolism by NMR spectroscopy. An heterotopic model evaluated differential tumor growth. The spheres self-renewal was higher in ES3. The putative CSC markers CD133, CD44 and ALDH expression were higher in spheres. The expression of estrogen receptor (ER)α and P53 decreased in spheres, ERÎČ and progesterone receptor had no significant changes and ÎČ-catenin showed a tendency to increase. There was a higher 18F-FDG uptake in spheres, which also showed a lower lactate production and an oxidative cytosol status. The tumorigenesis in vivo showed an earlier growth of tumours derived from ES3. Endometrial spheres presented self-renewal and differentiation capacity, expressed CSC markers and an undifferentiated phenotype, showing preference for oxidative metabolism.info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio
CoronaviridaeâOld friends, new enemy!
Coronaviridae is a family of singleâstranded positive enveloped RNA viruses. This article aimed to review the history of these viruses in the last 60 years since their discovery to understand what lessons can be learned from the past. A review of the PubMed database was carried out, describing taxonomy, classification, virology, genetic recombination, host adaptation, and main symptoms related to each type of virus. SARSâCoVâ2 is responsible for the ongoing global pandemic, and SARSâCoV and MERSâCoV were responsible for causing severe respiratory illness and regional epidemics in the past while the four other strains of CoVs (229âE OC43, NL63, and HKU1) circulate worldwide and normally only cause mild upper respiratory tract infections. Given the enormous diversity of coronavirus viruses in wildlife and their continuous evolution and adaptation to humans, future outbreaks would undoubtedly occur. Restricting or banning all trade in wild animals in wet markets would be a necessary measure to reduce future zoonotic infections
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