Syntonets: Toward A Harmony-Inspired General Model of Complex Networks

We report an approach to obtaining complex networks with diverse topology, here called syntonets, taking into account the consonances and dissonances between notes as defined by scale temperaments. Though the fundamental frequency is usually considered, in real-world sounds several additional frequencies (partials) accompany the respective fundamental, influencing both timber and consonance between simultaneous notes. We use a method based on Helmholtz's consonance approach to quantify the consonances and dissonances between each of the pairs of notes in a given temperament. We adopt two distinct partials structures: (i) harmonic; and (ii) shifted, obtained by taking the harmonic components to a given power $\beta$, which is henceforth called the anharmonicity index. The latter type of sounds is more realistic in the sense that they reflect non-linearities implied by real-world instruments. When these consonances/dissonances are estimated along several octaves, respective syntonets can be obtained, in which nodes and weighted edge represent notes, and consonance/dissonance, respectively. The obtained results are organized into two main groups, those related to network science and musical theory. Regarding the former group, we have that the syntonets can provide, for varying values of $\beta$, a wide range of topologies spanning the space comprised between traditional models. Indeed, it is suggested here that syntony may provide a kind of universal complex network model. The musical interpretations of the results include the confirmation of the more regular consonance pattern of the equal temperament, obtained at the expense of a wider range of consonances such as that in the meantone temperament. We also have that scales derived for shifted partials tend to have a wider range of consonances/dissonances, depending on the temperament and anharmonicity strength

Understanding the Vegetable Oil Debate and Its Implications for Sustainability through Social Media

The global production and consumption of vegetable oils have sparked several discussions on sustainable development. This study analyzes over 20 million tweets related to vegetable oils to explore the key factors shaping public opinion. We found that coconut, olive, and palm oils dominate social media discourse despite their lower contribution to overall global vegetable production. The discussion about olive and palm oils remarkably correlates with Twitter's growth, while coconut increases more significantly with bursts of activity. Discussions around coconut and olive oils primarily focus on health, beauty, and food, while palm draws attention to pressing environmental concerns. Overall, virality is related to environmental issues and negative connotations. In the context of Sustainable Development Goals, this study highlights the multifaceted nature of the vegetable oil debate and its disconnection from scientific discussions. Our research sheds light on the power of social media in shaping public perception, providing insights into sustainable development strategies.Comment: 26 pages including figures and the S

A influência dos níveis séricos de IGF-1 no perfil lipídico e glicêmico de acromegálicos

A acromegalia é uma doença insidiosa e rara, associada a uma alta taxa de mortalidade, que decorre da hiperprodução autônoma patológica do hormônio do crescimento (GH) e subsequente aumento dos níveis do fator de crescimento semelhante à insulina-1 (IGF-1). A hipersecreção crônica desses hormônios causa diversas alterações metabólicas, dentre eles podemos destacar a lipólise, os processos ateroscleróticos, a hiperinsulinemia, a gliconeogênese e a resistência periférica à insulina. Essas alterações no metabolismo lipídico e glicêmico estão relacionadas a um risco aumentado de eventos cardiovasculares nos pacientes acromegálicos, sendo hoje a segunda causa mais comum de mortalidade desses pacientes. Em virtude disso, é necessário avaliar se o controle da doença corresponde, também, a um melhor controle metabólico desses pacientes, resultando em um menor risco cardiovascular e menor taxa de mortalidade.  Avaliar a influência dos níveis de IGF-1 no perfil lipídico e glicêmico de pacientes acromegálicos atendidos em um Centro de Especialidades Médicas. Trata-se de um estudo epidemiológico, transversal e descritivo, com base em análise exploratória dos prontuários de um Serviço de Endocrinologia do Centro de Especialidades Médica no Pará no período de agosto de 2019 a junho de 2020. Ao comparar a atividade da acromegalia na primeira e na última consulta, verificou-se que houve um aumento no controle da doença, de 22,2% para 71,1%. Quanto ao perfil glicêmico, a glicemia dos pacientes acromegálicos diabéticos foi estatisticamente superior aos dos não diabéticos, tanto na primeira avaliação (Média ± DP: 135,8 ± 59,4 vs 95,1 ± 15,2; P<0,001), quanto na última (Média ± DP: 98,6 ± 13,2 vs 84,0 ± 11,1; P<0,001). Ao observarmos os pacientes acromegálicos diabéticos, houve uma diminuição significativa dos níveis de IGF-1 (média± DP: 480,9 ± 250,5 vs 189,5 ± 91,5, P< 0,001) e de IGF-1 pelo LSN (média± DP: 1,8 ± 1,0 vs 1,0 ± 0,6, P< 0,001), ao se comparar as duas avaliações.  Foi possível observar, comparando os parâmetros laboratoriais entre a primeira e última avaliação, que na acromegalia não controlada ao final (n=13), houve uma diminuição dos níveis de colesterol total (Média ± DP: 179,3 ± 30,0 vs 155,9 ± 28,8; P=0,018) e, aumento significativo do HDL (Média ± DP: 46,8 ± 14,3 vs 53,3 ± 7,9; P=0,048).  Já para os pacientes com acromegalia controlada ao final (n=32), houve aumento significativo no nível de HDL (Média ± DP: 46,3 ± 26,0 vs 58,0 ± 24,2; P=0,003) e diminuição dos níveis de IGF-1, GH, colesterol total, LDL e TG. Esses resultados sugerem que a maioria dos acromegálicos em estudo tiveram o controle da doença a partir da redução dos níveis de IGF-1, evidenciando sucesso na conduta terapêutica destes. Concomitantemente, a maioria obteve, também, melhora nos níveis de glicose, hemoglobina glicada, colesterol total e HDL. Isso sugere que o controle da atividade da doença é uma das intervenções mais importantes para a redução do risco cardiovascular nesses pacientes

Non-compacted myocardium in an adult with acute neurological deficit in the Emergency Department: a case report

Non-Compacted Myocardium (NCM) is an uncommon cardiac condition with a genetic predisposition, often characterized by trabeculae and distinct myocardial layers. This case report discusses a 59-year-old hypertensive, diabetic male with acute neurological symptoms. Diagnosed with an ischemic stroke, subsequent investigations revealed features indicative of NCM. Confirmatory Cardiac Magnetic Resonance Imaging (CMR) and echocardiography were pivotal for diagnosis. The patient received specialized outpatient follow-up, emphasizing the importance of early diagnosis and tailored treatment. This report contributes to the understanding of NCM's diverse clinical presentations and underscores the significance of a multidisciplinary approach for effective patient care