465 research outputs found
Two Dimensional Quantum Dilaton Gravity and the Positivity of Energy
Using an argument due to Regge and Teitelboim, an expression for the ADM mass
of 2d quantum dilaton gravity is obtained. By evaluating this expression we
establish that the quantum theories which can be written as a Liouville-like
theory, have a lower bound to energy, provided there is no critical boundary.
This fact is then reconciled with the observation made earlier that the Hawking
radiation does not appear to stop. The physical picture that emerges is that of
a black hole in a bath of quantum radiation. We also evaluate the ADM mass for
the models with RST boundary conditions and find that negative values are
allowed. The Bondi mass of these models goes to zero for large retarded times,
but becomes negative at intermediate times in a manner that is consistent with
the thunderpop of RST.Comment: 16 pages, phyzzx, COLO-HEP-309. (Confusing points in previous version
clarified, discussion of ADM and Bondi masses in RST case added.
Brane Worlds, the Cosmological Constant and String Theory
We argue that traditional methods of compactification of string theory make
it very difficult to understand how the cosmological constant becomes zero.
String inspired models can give zero cosmological constant after fine tuning
but since string theory has no free parameters it is not clear that this is
allowed. Brane world scenarios on the other hand while they do not answer the
question as to why the cosmological constant is zero do actually allow a choice
of integration constants that permit flat four space solutions. In this paper
we discuss gauged supergravity realizations of such a world. To the extent that
this starting point can be considered a low energy effective action of string
theory (and there is some recent evidence supporting this) our model may be
considered a string theory realization of this scenario.Comment: 18 pages, 5 figures. Shorter version and a few new comments adde
Semi-classical Approach to Charged Dilatonic Black Hole in Two Dimensions
We consider exactly solvable semi-classical theory of two dimensional
dilatonic gravity with electromagnetic interactions. As was done in the paper
by Russo, Susskind and Thorlacius, the term which changes the kinetic term is
added to the action. The theory contains massless fermions as matter fields and
there appear the quantum corrections including chiral anomaly. The screening
effect due to the chiral anomaly has a tendency to cloak the singularity. In a
region of the parameter space, the essential behavior of the theory is similar
to that of Callan, Giddings, Harvey and Strominger's dilatonic black hole
theory modified in the paper by Russo, Susskind and Thorlacius and the
singularity formed by the collapsing matter emerges naked. We find, however,
another region of the parameter space where the singularity disappears in a
finite proper time. Furthermore, in the region of the parameter space, there
appears a discontinuity in the metric on the trajectory of the collapsing
matter, which would be a signal of topology changeComment: 21pp, NDA-FP-5/92, OCHA-PP-2
Duality of Super D-brane Actions in General Type IIB Supergravity Background
We examine duality transformations of supersymmetric and -symmetric
Dp-brane actions in a general type II supergravity background where in
particular the dilaton and the axion are supposed to not be zero or a constant
but a general superfield. Due to non-constant dilaton and axion, we can
explicitly show that the dilaton and the axion as well as the two 2-form gauge
potentials transform as doublets under the transformation from the
point of view of the world-volume field theory.Comment: 32 pages, LaTex 2
The Problem of Time and Quantum Black Holes
We discuss the derivation of the so-called semi-classical equations for both
mini-superspace and dilaton gravity. We find that there is no systematic
derivation of a semi-classical theory in which quantum mechanics is formulated
in a space-time that is a solution of Einstein's equation, with the expectation
value of the matter stress tensor on the right-hand side. The issues involved
are related to the well-known problems associated with the interpretation of
the Wheeler-deWitt equation in quantum gravity, including the problem of time.
We explore the de Broglie-Bohm interpretation of quantum mechanics (and field
theory) as a way of spontaneously breaking general covariance, and thereby
giving meaning to the equations that many authors have been using to analyze
black hole evaporation. We comment on the implications for the ``information
loss" problem.Comment: 30 pages, COLO-HEP-33
Dimensional reduction from entanglement in Minkowski space
Using a quantum field theoretic setting, we present evidence for dimensional
reduction of any sub-volume of Minkowksi space. First, we show that correlation
functions of a class of operators restricted to a sub-volume of D-dimensional
Minkowski space scale as its surface area. A simple example of such area
scaling is provided by the energy fluctuations of a free massless quantum field
in its vacuum state. This is reminiscent of area scaling of entanglement
entropy but applies to quantum expectation values in a pure state, rather than
to statistical averages over a mixed state. We then show, in a specific case,
that fluctuations in the bulk have a lower-dimensional representation in terms
of a boundary theory at high temperature.Comment: 9 pages, changes to presentation, some content corrections, version
published in JHE
Semiclassical Approach to Black Hole Evaporation
Black hole evaporation may lead to massive or massless remnants, or naked
singularities. This paper investigates this process in the context of two quite
different two dimensional black hole models. The first is the original CGHS
model, the second is another two dimensional dilaton-gravity model, but with
properties much closer to physics in the real, four dimensional, world.
Numerical simulations are performed of the formation and subsequent evaporation
of black holes and the results are found to agree qualitatively with the
exactly solved modified CGHS models, namely that the semiclassical
approximation breaks down just before a naked singularity appears.Comment: 15 pages, PUPT-1340, harvmac, 11 figures available on reques
Storage life of silverbelly (Leiognathus sp.) with delayed icing
Silver belly (leiognathus splendens) caught in September spoiled faster than the fish caught in May. This could be due to seasonal changes. For silver belly, Total Volatile Base (TVB) value could be used as a measure of spoilage. At the beginning of spoilage TVB value is between 30-40 mg. N/100g sample. The main spoilage for silver belly appears to start between 6 and 8 hours (at 28° C-30°C) after landing on board. Therefore it is not necessary to ice silverbelly immediately; it seems to be sufficient if icing can be done within 6 hours of landing on board
Hamiltonian Approach to 2D Dilaton-Gravities and Invariant Adm Mass
The formula existing in the literature for the ADM mass of 2D dilaton gravity
is incomplete. For example, in the case of an infalling matter shockwave this
formula fails to give a time-independent mass, unless a very special coordinate
system is chosen. We carefully carry out the canonical formulation of 2D
dilaton gravity theories (classical, CGHS and RST). As in 4D general relativity
one must add a boundary term to the bulk Hamiltonian to obtain a well-defined
variational problem. This boundary term coincides with the numerical value of
the Hamiltonian and gives the correct mass which obviously is time-independent.Comment: revised, 12 pages, PUPT-1379; we added a reference and corrected some
minor typo
Black Hole Formation by Sine-Gordon Solitons in Two-dimensional Dilaton Gravity
The CGHS model of two-dimensional dilaton gravity coupled to a sine-Gordon
matter field is considered. The theory is exactly solvable classically, and the
solutions of a kink and two-kink type solitons are studied in connection with
black hole formation.Comment: 11 pages, no figures, revte
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