Mental and psychosocial predictors of toothache in Brazilian dam rupture: a cross-sectional study

Introduction: The burst of Fundão's dam in Mariana, Brazil, was one of the most significant technological disasters and, for instance, may be associated with negative consequences in oral and mental health. Objective: The present study aimed to investigate the toothache prevalence and the associated factors in disaster survivors. Method: This research is an observational, cross-sectional study carried out as a health household survey with the Mariana dam rupture survivors. Results: the study included 225 adults; age mean 45.5±17.8 years. In univariate analysis, the prevalence of toothache was 16.9% and was higher in women (20.1% versus 11.1%, p= 0.097) subjects with generalized anxiety disorders (GAD) (57.9% versus 25.8%, p≥0.0001), major depressive disorder (MDD) (50 versus 24.6%, p=0.003), post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) (26.3 versus 9%, p=0.006), a lower social support satisfaction (SSSS). Multivariate Data Analysis (MVA) results reveal how individuals dissatisfied with their oral appearance were 3.2 times more likely to present with toothaches (p=0.004, 95% CI-1.46-7.02). Of those affected by the disaster, survivors diagnosed with GAD were 2.5 times more likely to present tooth aches (p=0.019, 95% CI=1.16-5.48). Ultimately, the likelihood of an individual presenting with toothaches after the disaster rose to 4% to each point in the SSSS (p.=0.026,95% CI=1.005-1.081). Conclusion: We found that post-disaster survivors in Brazil presented with an elevated prevalence of toothache, and this oral symptom correlated with other dental impairments, anxiety disorder, and social support

Investigação dos sistemas neurais relacionados ao reconhecimento de emoções faciais em pacientes com transtorno bipolar: um estudo de morfometria baseada no voxel

Exportado OPUSMade available in DSpace on 2019-08-12T06:29:31Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 maila_de_castro_l_neves.pdf: 4212089 bytes, checksum: c750cec714add4b947792b074bf596c3 (MD5) Previous issue date: 3INTRODUÇÃO: Diversos estudos apontam que prejuízos na cognição social influenciam o funcionamento global em pacientes com Transtorno Bipolar (TB). Um dos componentes da cognição social é o reconhecimento de emoções faciais (REF). Parece haver um prejuízo no REF em paciente com TB, porém ainda não sabemos quais são os mecanismos fisiopatológicos relacionados a tais prejuízos. OBJETIVO:Avaliar o REF, o volume regional de substância cinzenta (SC) em componentes das redes neurais relacionadas ao REF e as possíveis relações entre os dois em pacientes com TB. MÉTODO: Foram avaliados 21 pacientes com TB e 21 controles pareados por sexo, idade e escolaridade. O Teste de Reconhecimento de Faces (ER40) da Bateria Computadorizada de Testes Neuropsicológicos da Universidade da Pensilvânia (PennCNP) foi utilizado para avaliação do REF e a morfometria baseada no voxel (VBM) para processamento das imagens de ressonância magnética (RM), usando com o programa Statistical Parametric Mapping versão 8 (SPM 8). RESULTADOS: Os pacientes com TB apresentaram pior desempenho no REF comparados aos controles, além de alterações regionais de volume de SC em áreas potencialmente relacionadas ao processamento emocional, especificamente o córtex orbitofrontal e a ínsula á esquerda. Porém, não foram demonstradas correlações diretas entre os dois achados. Foi observada correlação inversa entre o desempenho no teste ER40 e o volume do giro fusiforme. CONCLUSÕES: Os achados reforçam a hipótese de que um desequilíbrio em circuitos neurais envolvendo áreas límbicas e do córtex pré-frontal seja um importante marcador biológico para o TB. Não foram estabelecidas correlações que possibilitassem inferir sobre mecanismos fisiopatológicos de prejuízos na cognição social. Futuros estudos são necessários para tentar elucidar as possíveis bases fisiopatológicas de prejuízos na cognição social em pacientes com TB.INTRODUCTION: Several studies point to impairment in facial emotion recognition in bipolar patients maybe contributing for poor psychosocial functioning. In this study, in order to better understand the neurobiological processes underlying facial emotion recognition, we investigated regional structural brain abnormalities and emotion-attribution abilities in these patients. METHOD: Twenty one patients and 21 group-matched healthy comparison participants underwent magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and were examined for facial emotion recognition abilities by using the Penn Emotion Recognition Test (ER40). Voxel-based morphometry (VBM) was applied to investigate regional brain structural alterations. RESULTS: Relative to the healthy participants, the patients exhibited reduced gray matter volumes in the left orbitofrontal cortex and insula. The bipolar patients performed poorly on emotion-attribution tasks. We did not found correlation with poor performance in ER40 and reductions in gray matter in these regions, but we found inverse correlation with fusiform gyrus volume and facial emotion recognition tests. CONCLUSIONS: Our results contribute for the hypotheses that the imbalance in ventral prefrontal limbic networks is one of those biological models of bipolar disorder. More studies are necessary to better understand the neurobiological correlates of social dysfunction in bipolar disorder