Incentives for Investment in Brazil

Objetivo general: Determinar los beneficios del uso combinado de técnica Reichert-Millard en niños con labio leporino Hospital Militar Central en el año 2018. La incidencia de la fisura labial, acompañada o no de esta, es variable encontrándose generalmente entre 1 por 700-750 recién nacidos vivos, por tal motivo es considerada la alteración craneofacial de mayor prevalencia a nivel mundial. Al estudiar la incidencia, se observó que es más frecuente entre la raza asiática, en segundo lugar, la caucásica y es menos común en afroamericanos. Estas variaciones en incidencia, con respecto a la raza, no se evidencian con el paladar hendido. Al revisar estudios con respecto al sexo, la fisura labial/palatina se da con mayor frecuencia en varones; sin embargo, en mujeres es más recurrente la fisura palatina aislada. También, se observó que aproximadamente un 15% corresponden a hendiduras bilaterales. El por qué aparece esta patología se debe a múltiples causas, de las cuales las genéticas y ambientales son de mayor importancia, también se pueden asociar a otros síndromes genéticos. Es un hecho que la incidencia aumenta con la edad del padre después de los 30 años. Además está relacionada con la deficiencia de vitamina b9 durante el embarazo; sin embargo, es más común la causa idiosincrática. Clínicamente suele manifestarse un amplio espectro de variantes: fisura parcial, total labial, palatina, alveolar y nasal unilateral o bilateral. Esto es muy importante para el manejo clínico, un correcto manejo quirúrgico para definir el mejor abordaje al momento de la reparación del defecto y minimizar los riesgos relacionados con la anestesia. Lo más usual en los hospitales es reconstruir la fisura labial a partir del mes o tres meses de edad, porque anatómicamente las estructuras labiales son más grandes, lo cual facilita una mejor reconstrucción. Como es predecible, entre los hospitales el abordaje quirúrgico es diferente, por tal motivo se han descritos diversas técnicas quirúrgicas para lograr una reparación adecuada del labio leporino, con múltiples variantes, como la reparación de Randall-Tennison, LeMesurier, Millard (rotación y avance). La técnica de Millard cuyo objetivo principal es reconstruir la continuidad y funcionalidad del músculo orbicular de los labios, y lograr su simetría. Por ello es necesario describir la técnica quirúrgica utilizada en el Hospital Militar Central y además ver el resultado final del mismo

Extraction of Some Ellagic Tannins and Ellagic Acid from Oak Wood Chips (Quercus pyrenaica L.) in Model Wine Solutions: Effect of Time, pH, Temperature and Alcoholic Content

The subject of the present work is the study of the influence of pH, temperature, alcoholic content and time on the extraction of some individual ellagic tannins (castalagin, vescalagin, grandinin, roburin D and E) and ellagic acid from oak wood chips (Quercus pyrenaica L.) within model wine solutions. The determination of these compounds by reversed-phase high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC), after 104 extraction days, enabled us to establish the qualitative and quantitative evolution of each component and the effect of each extraction condition on individual and total ellagic tannins from oak wood chips. Vescalagin and castalagin were the most abundant individual ellagic tannins measured under all extraction conditions. Individual ellagic tannins and ellagic acid increased during the first weeks of extraction, followed by a decrease. Under the extraction conditions examined, temperature was the main factor influencing ellagic tannins and elagic acid evolution. The results suggest that a decrease/degradation of these compounds is less noticeable at low temperatures (12ºC). After 104 extraction days the ellagic tannins content in a model wine solution at 12ºC was higher than the content of ellagic tannins in solutions at 20ºC. On the other hand, the effects of alcoholic content and pH of model wine solutions on the extraction and evolution of the analysed compounds (except for castalagin and vescalagin) seemed to be less important than temperature

Validation and Comparison of Formol and FT-IR Methods for Assimilable Nitrogen in Vine Grapes

In this study, two methods used to evaluate assimilable nitrogen in grape juice were compared, namely:the formol method and the Fοurier-transform mid-infrared (FT-MIR) spectroscopy. At the outset theformol method was validated in the laboratory by determining parameters such as precision, accuracyand trueness. Parallel recovery studies were conducted with a model solution and natural grape juice forammonium and arginine. Average recoveries of ammonium for the formol titration ranged from 77%to 88% and for arginine from 90% to 97%. The repeatability and the intra laboratory reproducibilitywere ±6.4 and ±31.7 (mg/L of nitrogen) respectively. Formol titration was used as the reference methodfor the calibration of FT-MIR spectroscopy to determine the assimilable nitrogen in grape juice. Grapejuice samples (n=71) for 7 red and 7 white varieties from the Lisbon region in Portugal were analyzedsimultaneously by using the formol method and Fοurier-transform mid-infrared (FT-MIR) spectroscopy.The results of this study demonstrated that it is possible to explore the applicability of FT-ÎœIR technologyto detect the assimilable nitrogen in grape juice for quantification purposes. The correlation coefficient(R2=0. 993), standard prediction error (SEP; 6.4 mg/L) and the RPD or standard deviation of the data/standard error of prediction value (Sd/Se; 7.8) proved satisfactory for the calibration of the instrument.In addition, the results obtained by FT-MIR spectroscopy were comparable to those obtained when usingthe reference method

Effect of the North Equatorial Counter Current on the generation and propagation of internal solitary waves off the Amazon shelf (SAR observations)

Synthetic aperture radar (SAR) imagery from the Amazon shelf break region in the tropical west Atlantic reveals for the first time the two-dimensional horizontal structure of an intense Internal Solitary Wave (ISW) field, whose first surface manifestations are detected several hundred kilometres away from the nearest forcing bathymetry. Composite maps and an energy budget analysis (provided from the Hybrid Coordinate Ocean Model - HYCOM) help to identify two major ISW pathways emanating from the steep slopes of a small promontory (or headland) near 44 degrees W and 0 degrees N, which are seen to extend for over 500 km into the open ocean. Further analysis in the SAR reveals propagation speeds above 3 ms(-1), which are amongst the fastest ever recorded. The main characteristics of the ISWs are further discussed based on a statistical analysis, and seasonal variability is found for one of the ISW sources. This seasonal variability is discussed in light of the North Equatorial Counter Current. The remote appearance of the ISW sea surface manifestations is explained by a late disintegration of the internal tide (IT), which is further investigated based on the SAR data and climatological monthly means (for stratification and currents). Acknowledging the possibility of a late disintegration of the IT may help explain the remote-sensing views of other ISWs in the world's oceans

Utilización de índices de vegetación para la gestión de la viña

A determinação de indices de vegetação tem mostrado nos últimos tempos ser uma técnica eficaz na avaliação do vigor vegetativo das plantas,e fornecendo informação importante para ajudar o produtor na gestão diária da vinha. Este trabalho mostra um exemplo da utilização dessa técnica e dos resultados que se podem obter