Elaboração de uma ferramenta para operação de reservatórios hidrelétricos com usos múltiplos considerando efeitos de mudanças climáticas: Estudo de caso da UHE de Furnas

The possible impact of climate change on the multiple uses that involve the hydro power plant of Furnas was one of the objectives of this study by proposing a methodological approach to mitigate these conflicts. The first stage of the study was to perform a time trend analysis oh hydrologic variables being identified significant increasing trends in some rain gauges not reflected in streamflow data in the study basin. For representation of the future climate the hydrological model (MGB-IPH) was used inputted by the global model HadCM3 and regional Eta model through the A1B scenario of the IPCC. If the climate changes scenarios are verified, the reservoir can be quickly dumped, however the improvement of a methodology that considers the determination of the length and transgression frequency of levels, conflicts over water use can be minimized without damage to power generation212300313O possível impacto das mudanças climáticas sobre os usos múltiplos que envolvem a UHE de Furnas foi um dos objetivos deste trabalho, sendo apresentado uma abordagem metodológica para mitigação destes conflitos. A primeira etapa foi realizar análise de tendência temporal das variáveis hidrológicas, sendo identificadas tendências de aumento significativas em alguns postos pluviométricos, não refletidas nos dados fluviométricos na bacia de estudo. Para representação do clima futuro, foi utilizado o modelo hidrológico (MGB-IPH), alimentado pelo modelo global HadCM3 e regional Eta por meio do cenário A1B do IPCC. Caso os cenários de mudanças do climas se verifiquem, o reservatório pode esvaziar-se intensamente; contudo pelo aprimoramento de uma metodologia que considera a fixação da duração e frequência de transgressão de níveis, os conflitos pelo uso da água podem ser minimizados, sem prejuízos a geração de energi

Kinetic resolution of (R,S)-1,2-isopropylidene glycerol (solketal) ester derivatives by lipases

AbstractA study on the enantioselective hydrolysis of (R,S)-1,2-isopropylidene glycerol (4-hydroxymethyl-2,2-dimethyl-1,3-dioxolane, solketal) octanoate catalyzed by different lipases was carried out. Among them, Pseudomonas sp. lipase proved to be the most effective. It was shown that the ester bearing the longer octanoyl acyl chain is a more suitable substrate for this lipase compared to the acetate counterpart. By properly combining enzyme load, temperature and reaction time, either the (S)-alcohol or the remaining ester could be obtained in moderate to high selectivities. Ethyl acetate was found to be the best solvent for the kinetic resolutions effected by such lipase but our results show that toluene may prove useful

Hypothalamic Endoplasmic Reticulum Stress Of Overtrained Mice After Recovery

knowing the relationship between endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress and inflammation and based on the fact that downhill running-based overtraining (OT) model increases hypothalamus levels of some pro-inflammatory cytokines, we verified the effects of three OT protocols on the levels of BiP, pIRE-1 (Ser734), pPERK (Thr981), pelF2alpha (Ser52), ATF-6 and GRP-94 proteins in the mouse hypothalamus after two weeks of recovery. Methods: the mice were randomized into control (CT), overtrained by downhill running (OTR/down), overtrained by uphill running (OTR/up) and overtrained by running without inclination (OTR) groups. After 2-week total recovery period (i.e., week 10), hypothalamus was removed and used for immunoblotting. Results: The OTR/down group exhibited high levels of BiP and ATF6. The other OT protocols showed higher levels of pPERK (Th981) and pelf-2alpha (Ser52) when compared with the CT group. Conclusion: The current results suggest that after a 2-week total recovery period, the overtrained groups increased partially their ER stress protein levels, but without hypothalamic inflammation, which characterizes a physiological condition related to an adaptation mechanism.2

A novel scytalidium species : understand the cellulolytic system for biomass saccharification

In order to overcome the bottlenecks related to lignocellulosic-derived sugars, the search for more efficient enzymatic cocktails, containing a broad-spectrum of specific activities, relies on an important feature. This paper describes new enzyme activities derived from the novel strain of the Scytalidium genus isolated from the Amazonas rainforest. The production of the enzymatic cocktail was induced by delignifiedhydrothermal bagasse (DHB), and yeast extract was used to improve secretion activities, resulting in a positive influence on total cellulase activity. The enzymatic cocktail produced by this novel strain contains specific activities for biomass degradation, including FPAse, xylanase and β-glucosidase. Moreover, it is capable of hydrolyzing 62% of the alkaline pretreated bagasse, surpassing in 14% the hydrolytic capability achieved by the commercial cocktail Celluclast. To this extent, the strain described here emerges as a reliable alternative to other available enzymes and, consequently, amplification of available specific substrate activities3618597FUNDAÇÃO DE AMPARO À PESQUISA DO ESTADO DE SÃO PAULO - FAPESP2010/51309-

Critical Collapse of Cylindrically Symmetric Scalar Field in Four-Dimensional Einstein's Theory of Gravity

Four-dimensional cylindrically symmetric spacetimes with homothetic self-similarity are studied in the context of Einstein's Theory of Gravity, and a class of exact solutions to the Einstein-massless scalar field equations is found. Their local and global properties are investigated and found that they represent gravitational collapse of a massless scalar field. In some cases the collapse forms black holes with cylindrical symmetry, while in the other cases it does not. The linear perturbations of these solutions are also studied and given in closed form. From the spectra of the unstable eigen-modes, it is found that there exists one solution that has precisely one unstable mode, which may represent a critical solution, sitting on a boundary that separates two different basins of attraction in the phase space.Comment: Some typos are corrected. The final version to appear in Phys. Rev.