6 research outputs found
The interpretation of the concepts ânecessityâ and âsufficiencyâ in forward unicausal relations
La nĂ©cessitĂ© et la suffisance sont deux concepts centraux de la littĂ©rature consacrĂ©e au raisonnement causal. Trois expĂ©riences analysant la maniĂšre quâont les individus de comprendre ces deux concepts sont exposĂ©es dans cet article. Les rĂ©sultats indiquent que la nĂ©cessitĂ© est une notion plus complexe que celle de suffisance. Pour la suffisance, les sujets vĂ©rifient seulement si la cause est suivie de lâeffet, alors que pour la nĂ©cessitĂ©, deux possibilitĂ©s peuvent ĂȘtre examinĂ©es:âla cause prĂ©cĂšde-t-elle toujours lâeffet?âet âlâeffet peut-il apparaĂźtre sans la cause ?â. Plus important encore, ces deux concepts manifestent une structure diffĂ©rente: la nĂ©cessitĂ© est considĂ©rĂ©e comme une propriĂ©tĂ© de type tout ou rien alors que la suffisance est vue comme une propriĂ©tĂ© plus graduelle. Les rĂ©sultats soulignent lâutilitĂ© dâune opĂ©rationnalisation appropriĂ©e afin de mesurer la nĂ©cessitĂ© et la suffisance telles quâelles sont perçues par les individus.Necessity and sufficiency are two central concepts in the literature on causal reasoning. Three experiments are reported that investigate how people understand these two concepts. It is found that necessity is more a complex notion than the notion of sufficiency. For sufficiency, people only verify whether the cause is always followed by the effect, whereas for necessity, there are two possibilities that can be verified: âdoes the cause always precede the effectâ and âcan the effect occur without the causeâ. More importantly, it is found that both concepts have a different structure: necessity is considered as an all-or-none property whereas sufficiency is a more liberal characteristic. The present findings highlight the need for an appropriate operationalisation for measuring the perceived necessity and sufficiency of given cause-effect relations
The interpretation of the concepts ânecessityâ and âsufficiencyâ in forward unicausal relations
La nĂ©cessitĂ© et la suffisance sont deux concepts centraux de la littĂ©rature consacrĂ©e au raisonnement causal. Trois expĂ©riences analysant la maniĂšre quâont les individus de comprendre ces deux concepts sont exposĂ©es dans cet article. Les rĂ©sultats indiquent que la nĂ©cessitĂ© est une notion plus complexe que celle de suffisance. Pour la suffisance, les sujets vĂ©rifient seulement si la cause est suivie de lâeffet, alors que pour la nĂ©cessitĂ©, deux possibilitĂ©s peuvent ĂȘtre examinĂ©es:âla cause prĂ©cĂšde-t-elle toujours lâeffet?âet âlâeffet peut-il apparaĂźtre sans la cause ?â. Plus important encore, ces deux concepts manifestent une structure diffĂ©rente: la nĂ©cessitĂ© est considĂ©rĂ©e comme une propriĂ©tĂ© de type tout ou rien alors que la suffisance est vue comme une propriĂ©tĂ© plus graduelle. Les rĂ©sultats soulignent lâutilitĂ© dâune opĂ©rationnalisation appropriĂ©e afin de mesurer la nĂ©cessitĂ© et la suffisance telles quâelles sont perçues par les individus.Necessity and sufficiency are two central concepts in the literature on causal reasoning. Three experiments are reported that investigate how people understand these two concepts. It is found that necessity is more a complex notion than the notion of sufficiency. For sufficiency, people only verify whether the cause is always followed by the effect, whereas for necessity, there are two possibilities that can be verified: âdoes the cause always precede the effectâ and âcan the effect occur without the causeâ. More importantly, it is found that both concepts have a different structure: necessity is considered as an all-or-none property whereas sufficiency is a more liberal characteristic. The present findings highlight the need for an appropriate operationalisation for measuring the perceived necessity and sufficiency of given cause-effect relations
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