4,162 research outputs found
Big Black Hole, Little Neutron Star: Magnetic Dipole Fields in the Rindler Spacetime
As a black hole and neutron star approach during inspiral, the field lines of
a magnetized neutron star eventually thread the black hole event horizon and a
short-lived electromagnetic circuit is established. The black hole acts as a
battery that provides power to the circuit, thereby lighting up the pair just
before merger. Although originally suggested as a promising electromagnetic
counterpart to gravitational-wave detection, the luminous signals are promising
more generally as potentially detectable phenomena, such as short gamma-ray
bursts. To aid in the theoretical understanding, we present analytic solutions
for the electromagnetic fields of a magnetic dipole in the presence of an event
horizon. In the limit that the neutron star is very close to a Schwarzschild
horizon, the Rindler limit, we can solve Maxwell's equations exactly for a
magnetic dipole on an arbitrary worldline. We present these solutions here and
investigate a proxy for a small segment of the neutron star orbit around a big
black hole. We find that the voltage the black hole battery can provide is in
the range ~10^16 statvolts with a projected luminosity of 10^42 ergs/s for an
M=10M_sun black hole, a neutron star with a B-field of 10^12 G, and an orbital
velocity ~0.5c at a distance of 3M from the horizon. Larger black holes provide
less power for binary separations at a fixed number of gravitational radii. The
black hole/neutron star system therefore has a significant power supply to
light up various elements in the circuit possibly powering jets, beamed
radiation, or even a hot spot on the neutron star crust.Comment: Published in Physical Review D:
http://link.aps.org/doi/10.1103/PhysRevD.88.06405
Simulation of copper-water nanofluid in a microchannel in slip flow regime using the lattice Boltzmann method with heat flux boundary condition
Laminar forced convection heat transfer of water–Cu nanofluids in a microchannel is studied using the double population Thermal Lattice Boltzmann method (TLBM). The entering flow is at a lower temperature compared to the microchannel walls. The middle section of the microchannel is heated with a constant and uniform heat flux, simulated by means of the counter slip thermal energy boundary condition. Simulations are performed for nanoparticle volume fractions equal to 0.00%, 0.02% and 0.04% and slip coefficient equal to 0.001, 0.01 and 0.1. Reynolds number is equal to 1, 10 and 50.The model predictions are found to be in good agreement with earlier studies. Streamlines, isotherms, longitudinal variations of Nusselt number and slip velocity as well as velocity and temperature profiles for different cross sections are presented. The results indicate that LBM can be used to simulate forced convection for the nanofluid micro flows. They show that the microchannel performs better heat transfers at higher values of the Reynolds number. For all values of the Reynolds considered in this study, the average Nusselt number increases slightly as the solid volume fraction increases and the slip coefficient increases. The rate of this increase is more significant at higher values of the Reynolds number
A Linear Multi-User Detector for STBC MC-CDMA Systems based on the Adaptive Implementation of the Minimum-Conditional Bit-Error-Rate Criterion and on Genetic Algorithm-assisted MMSE Channel Estimation
The implementation of efficient baseband receivers characterized by affordable computational load is a crucial point in the development of transmission systems exploiting diversity in different domains. In this paper, we are proposing a linear multi-user detector for MIMO MC-CDMA systems with Alamouti’s Space-Time Block Coding, inspired by the concept of Minimum Conditional Bit-Error-Rate (MCBER) and relying on Genetic-Algorithm (GA)-assisted MMSE channel estimation. The MCBER combiner has been implemented in adaptive way by using Least-Mean-Square (LMS) optimization. Firstly, we shall analyze the proposed adaptive MCBER MUD receiver with ideal knowledge of Channel Status Information (CSI). Afterwards, we shall consider the complete receiver structure, encompassing also the non-ideal GA-assisted channel estimation. Simulation results evidenced that the proposed MCBER receiver always outperforms state-of-the-art receiver schemes based on EGC and MMSE criterion exploiting the same degree of channel knowledge (i.e. ideal or estimated CSI)
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