A new semantically annotated corpus with syntactic-semantic and cross-lingual senses

International audienceIn this article, we describe a new sense-tagged corpus for Word Sense Disambiguation. The corpus is constituted of instances of 20 French polysemous verbs. Each verb instance is annotated with three sense labels: (1) the actual translation of the verb in the english version of this instance in a parallel corpus, (2) an entry of the verb in a computational dictionary of French (the Lexicon-Grammar tables) and (3) a fine-grained sense label resulting from the concatenation of the translation and the Lexicon-Grammar entry

French parsing enhanced with a word clustering method based on a syntactic lexicon

International audienceThis article evaluates the integration of data extracted from a French syntactic lexicon, the Lexicon-Grammar (Gross, 1994), into a probabilistic parser. We show that by applying clustering methods on verbs of the French Treebank (Abeillé et al., 2003), we obtain accurate performances on French with a parser based on a Probabilistic Context-Free Grammar (Petrov et al., 2006)

Intégration des données d'un lexique syntaxique dans un analyseur syntaxique probabiliste

ISBN : 978-2-7453-2512-9International audienceThis article reports the evaluation of the integration of data from a syntactic-semantic lexicon, the Lexicon-Grammar of French, into a syntactic parser. We show that by changing the set of labels for verbs and predicational nouns, we can improve the performance on French of a non-lexicalized probabilistic parser

Conversion of Lexicon-Grammar tables to LMF. Application to French

We describe the first experiment of conversion of Lexicon-Grammar tables for French verbs into the Lexical Markup Framework (LMF) format. The Lexicon-Grammar of the French language is currently one of the major sources of lexical and syntactic information for French. Its conversion into an interoperable representation format according to the LMF standard makes it usable in different contexts, thus contributing to the standardization and interoperability of natural language processing dictionaries. We briefly introduce the Lexicon-Grammar and the derived dictionaries; we analyse the main difficulties faced during the conversion; and we describe the resulting resource.Nous décrivons une première expérience de conversion des tables du lexique-grammaire du français vers le format Cadre de balisage lexical (LMF). Le lexique-grammaire des verbes français est actuellement une des principales sources d'informations lexicales et syntaxiques sur le français. Sa conversion dans un format de représentation permettant l'interopérabilité et conforme à la norme LMF le rend utilisable dans des contextes variés, contribuant ainsi à la normalisation et à l'interopérabilité des dictionnaires pour le traitement des langues naturelles. Nous introduisons brièvement le lexique-grammaire et les dictionnaires dérivés ; nous analysons les principales difficultés rencontrées durant la conversion ; et nous décrivons la ressource obtenue

Integration of Data from a Syntactic Lexicon into Generative and Discriminative Probabilistic Parsers

International audienceThis article evaluates the integration of data extracted from a French syntactic lexicon, the Lexicon-Grammar (Gross, 1994), into a probabilistic parser. We show that by applying clustering methods on verbs of the French Treebank (Abeill'e et al., 2003), we obtain accurate performances on French with a parser based on a Probabilistic Context-Free Grammar (Petrov et al., 2006) and a discriminative parser based on a reranking algorithm (Charniak and Johnson, 2005)

Performance of Humans vs. Exploration Algorithms on the Tower of London Test

The Tower of London Test (TOL) used to assess executive functions was inspired in Artificial Intelligence tasks used to test problem-solving algorithms. In this study, we compare the performance of humans and of exploration algorithms. Instead of absolute execution times, we focus on how the execution time varies with the tasks and/or the number of moves. This approach used in Algorithmic Complexity provides a fair comparison between humans and computers, although humans are several orders of magnitude slower. On easy tasks (1 to 5 moves), healthy elderly persons performed like exploration algorithms using bounded memory resources, i.e., the execution time grew exponentially with the number of moves. This result was replicated with a group of healthy young participants. However, for difficult tasks (5 to 8 moves) the execution time of young participants did not increase significantly, whereas for exploration algorithms, the execution time keeps on increasing exponentially. A pre-and post-test control task showed a 25% improvement of visuo-motor skills but this was insufficient to explain this result. The findings suggest that naive participants used systematic exploration to solve the problem but under the effect of practice, they developed markedly more efficient strategies using the information acquired during the test

A COMPARATIVE STUDY BETWEEN COGNITIVE IMPAIRMENTS OF ADULTS WITH SCHIZOPHRENIA AND CHILDREN WITH PSYCHOTIC SPECTRUM DISORDERS: A LITERATURE REVIEW

Background: Cognitive impairments have been extensively reported for patients suffering from schizophrenia but a lot of questions persist about these troubles. Several domains of cognitive functions are impaired which result in daily life difficulties. Many arguments tend to show that children suffering from psychotic spectrum disorders present cognitive impairments also but things are not clearly defined. The aim of this review is to compare the cognitive impairments of children suffering from psychotic symptoms and adults suffering from schizophrenia in order to improve the understanding of the two clinical affections. A better understanding of the disease is necessary to improve the health care which currently give poor results. Subjects and methods: Besides the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual (DSM-5) and the French reference books, the present research has been conducted using PubMed, Medline, PsycINFO, PsycARTICLES and ScienceDirect. Literature about cognitive impairments of adults with schizophrenia and children with psychotic spectrum disorders is assessed and results are compared. Results: Both children and adults suffer from cognitive impairments: language, memories, executive and motor functions and IQ are impaired. An important heterogeneity in the troubles has been observed and a poor knowledge in terms of onset time, evolution, intensity, impact on everyday life and therapeutic interest has been reported. Conclusion: Adults with schizophrenia and children suffering from psychotic spectrum disorders have similar cognitive impairments in many domains of cognition. The similarities in term of cognitive impairments highlighted in the present work should support new studies in order to adapt to children the current cognitive therapies which are mostly provided to adults. As the cognitive impairments are heterogeneous, each patient should receive a tailored neurocognitive exam which takes into account its abilities and weaknesses