Novel Antifouling Technology Research: Progress and Prospects

海洋生物污损问题给海洋事业的发展带来了许多危害,传统防污技术已日渐不能满足要求,研发新型环境友好型防污剂迫在眉睫.用仿生学原理和化学生态学的方法发展新型无毒仿生防污材料和技术是解决海洋污损问题的新思路.本文综述了污损生物防除技术的发展,并重点介绍了基于化学生态学发现的仿生抗生物附着先导化合物和防污材料,展望了仿生防污技术的发展趋势

Synthesis of N-Acyl-L-Homoserine Lactone and Its Effects on the Growth of Fouling Diatom

用L-高丝氨酸内酯的氢溴酸盐与酰氯在Schotten-Baumann条件下反应,合成了6种N-酰基-L-高丝氨酸内酯类(AHLs)信号分子:N-丁酰基-L-高丝氨酸内酯、N-己酰基-L-高丝氨酸内酯、N-辛酰基-L-高丝氨酸内酯、N-癸酰基-L-高丝氨酸内酯、N-十二酰基-L-高丝氨酸内酯和N-十四酰基-L-高丝氨酸内酯,通过红外、核磁共振仪、气相-质谱联用仪对所有化合物进行了结构表征和纯度分析。同时检测合成的6种化合物对污损硅藻-柱鞘藻(Cylindrotheca sp.)生长的影响,结果表明:合成的信号分子除侧链最短的N-丁酰基-L-高丝氨酸内酯外,其它在高浓度下均能抑制柱鞘藻的生长,其中C12-HSL和C14-HSL在较低浓度下对柱鞘藻的生长也具有明显的抑制效应

Remediation of DDTr contaminated soil by the combination of solvent extraction and catalytic hydrodechlorination

A combination technique for remediation of DDT and its metabolites (DDTr) contaminated soil based on successive steps of solvent extraction, followed by catalytic hydrodechlorination (HDC) was studied. Firstly, solvent extraction was applied to extract DDTr contaminated soil at ambient temperature and pressure. According to GC-MS analysis, the extracts from DDTr contaminated soil are mainly composed of p,p'-DDT, o,p'DDT, p,p'-DDE, o,p'-DDE, p,p'-DDD, and DCBP. Subsequently, catalytic HDH over a Pd/C catalyst was introduced to treat the extract from DDTr contaminated soil, and the HDC process of DDTr was surveyed by monitoring the GC-MS analysis. These results demonstrate that the combined technique of solvent extraction and catalytic HDC can effectively remediate DDTr contaminated soil and reduce its toxicity.A combination technique for remediation of DDT and its metabolites (DDTr) contaminated soil based on successive steps of solvent extraction, followed by catalytic hydrodechlorination (HDC) was studied. Firstly, solvent extraction was applied to extract DDTr contaminated soil at ambient temperature and pressure. According to GC-MS analysis, the extracts from DDTr contaminated soil are mainly composed of p,p'-DDT, o,p'DDT, p,p'-DDE, o,p'-DDE, p,p'-DDD, and DCBP. Subsequently, catalytic HDH over a Pd/C catalyst was introduced to treat the extract from DDTr contaminated soil, and the HDC process of DDTr was surveyed by monitoring the GC-MS analysis. These results demonstrate that the combined technique of solvent extraction and catalytic HDC can effectively remediate DDTr contaminated soil and reduce its toxicity

A new minor diketopiperazine from the sponge-derived fungus Simplicillium sp. YZ-11

Chemical investigation of the cultures of a sponge-derived fungus Simplicillium sp. YZ-11 led to the isolation of a new minor diketopiperazine alkaloid cyclo-(2-hydroxy-Pro-Gly) (1) and a natural lactone (S)-dihydro-5-[(S)- hydroxyphenylmethyl]-2(3H)-furanone (2), together with five known ergostane-type sterols (3-7). Their structures were established based on extensive spectroscopic methods (H-1 and C-13 NMR, H-1-H-1 COSY, HSQC and HMBC) and optical rotation analysis.Chemical investigation of the cultures of a sponge-derived fungus Simplicillium sp. YZ-11 led to the isolation of a new minor diketopiperazine alkaloid cyclo-(2-hydroxy-Pro-Gly) (1) and a natural lactone (S)-dihydro-5-[(S)- hydroxyphenylmethyl]-2(3H)-furanone (2), together with five known ergostane-type sterols (3-7). Their structures were established based on extensive spectroscopic methods (H-1 and C-13 NMR, H-1-H-1 COSY, HSQC and HMBC) and optical rotation analysis

Metal fluoride promoted catalytic hydrogenation of aromatic nitro compounds over RANEY (R) Ni

The catalytic hydrogenation reactivity of aromatic nitro compounds over RANEY (R) Ni was substantially improved when a moderate amount of metal fluoride (NaF, KF, MgF2, and CaF2) was added into the reaction system.The catalytic hydrogenation reactivity of aromatic nitro compounds over RANEY (R) Ni was substantially improved when a moderate amount of metal fluoride (NaF, KF, MgF2, and CaF2) was added into the reaction system

Phytoremediation of Cadmium-Contaminated Soil by Two Jerusalem Artichoke (Helianthus tuberosus L.) Genotypes.pdf

A concise, fast and efficient one-pot methodology has been developed for preparing 2,3-unsubstituted indoles from 2-nitrotoluenes and dimethylformamide dimethyl acetal. Compared with the classical Leimgruber-Batcho reaction, such a one-pot process simplified the operation procedures, generated less by-products and chemical residues, and resulted in higher overall yields in a shorter reaction time.A concise, fast and efficient one-pot methodology has been developed for preparing 2,3-unsubstituted indoles from 2-nitrotoluenes and dimethylformamide dimethyl acetal. Compared with the classical Leimgruber-Batcho reaction, such a one-pot process simplified the operation procedures, generated less by-products and chemical residues, and resulted in higher overall yields in a shorter reaction time

Water: the most effective solvent for liquid-phase hydrodechlorination of chlorophenols over Raney Ni catalyst

Catalytic hydrodechlorination (HDC) has proved to be an efficient approach to dispose chlorinated organic compounds (COCs). The influence of solvent on the HOC of chlorophenols with H-2 over Raney Ni catalyst was investigated. We found that protic solvents, especially water, significantly accelerated liquid-phase HOC that was sluggish in aprotic solvents. Among the selected solvents, water was the most effective solvent for liquid-phase HDC over Raney Ni catalyst. To study the mechanism for the rate acceleration in the HOC that was promoted by protic solvents, catalysts were characterized by SEM, EDX, and XRD techniques. It was found that solvent could affect surface composition and surface micro-topography of Raney Ni catalyst. On the basis of these studies, an effective and practical reaction system was developed to dispose chlorophenols over Raney Ni catalyst; a broad range of chlorophenols were efficiently hydrodechlorinated in aqueous solutions under mild conditions, and the catalyst could be reused at least five times without any loss of catalytic activity. (C) 2014 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved

Preliminary enrichment and separation of chlorogenic acid from Helianthus tuberosus L. leaves extract by macroporous resins

In the present study, a simple and efficient method for the preparative separation of 3-CQA from the extract of Helianthus tuberosus leaves with macroporous resins was studied. ADS-21 showed much higher adsorption capacity and better adsorption/desorption properties for 3-CQA among the tested resins. The adsorption of 3-CQA on ADS-21 resin at 25 degrees C was fitted best to the Langmuir isotherm model and pseudo-second-order kinetic model. Dynamic adsorption/desorption experiments were carried out in a glass column packed with ADS-21 to optimise the separation process of 3-CQA from H. tuberosus leaves extract. After one treatment with ADS-21, the content of 3-CQA in the product was increased 5.42-fold, from 12.0% to 65.2%, with a recovery yield of 89.4%. The results demonstrated that the method was suitable for large-scale separation and manufacture of 3-CQA from H. tuberosus leaves. (C) 2014 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved

Flavonoids from the halophyte Apocynum venetum and their antifouling activities against marine biofilm-derived bacteria

Eleven flavonoids were isolated from the leaves of the halophyte Apocynum venetum. Among them, the isolation of plumbocatechin A (1), 8-O-methylretusin (2) and kaempferol 3-O-(6-O-acetyl)--d-galactopyranoside (7) was reported for the first time from this plant. Their structures were identified by using spectral methods, including 2D NMR experiments, and confirmed by comparing with the literature data. In addition, the antifouling activities of these compounds against the marine fouling bacteria, Bacillus thuringiensis, Pseudoalteromonas elyakovii and Pseudomonas aeruginosa, have been evaluated in this article.Eleven flavonoids were isolated from the leaves of the halophyte Apocynum venetum. Among them, the isolation of plumbocatechin A (1), 8-O-methylretusin (2) and kaempferol 3-O-(6-O-acetyl)--d-galactopyranoside (7) was reported for the first time from this plant. Their structures were identified by using spectral methods, including 2D NMR experiments, and confirmed by comparing with the literature data. In addition, the antifouling activities of these compounds against the marine fouling bacteria, Bacillus thuringiensis, Pseudoalteromonas elyakovii and Pseudomonas aeruginosa, have been evaluated in this article

Water-promoted catalytic hydrodechlorination of transformer oil-contained PCBs in liquid system under mild conditions

The influences of solvent system on the hydrodechlorination (HDC) of transformer oil-contained PCBs with H-2 over Pd/C catalyst were studied. The addition of water in solvent system significantly accelerated the HDC reaction, which suggested its critical role for enabling Pd/C catalyst to keep high activity and stability. The mechanism of this phenomenon was studied through catalyst characterization (TEM, XRD and XPS), and the change of surface composition of Pd/C catalyst in different solvent in the HDC reaction was raveled. Above results indicated that water in isopropanol-water prevented NaCl accumulating on the surface of catalyst, which avoided the decline in activity and stability of the catalyst. On the basis of these studies, isopropanol-water (60/40, v/v) solvent system was developed to dispose high concentration transformer oil-contained PCBs, where the chloride atom removal ratio of transformer oil-contained PCBs at 2% (w/w) and 5% (w/w) concentration could reach 95.2% and 88.0% for 10 h under mild conditions respectively, and the Pd/C could be recovered and reused at least 10 times without any loss of catalytic activity. (C) 2013 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.The influences of solvent system on the hydrodechlorination (HDC) of transformer oil-contained PCBs with H-2 over Pd/C catalyst were studied. The addition of water in solvent system significantly accelerated the HDC reaction, which suggested its critical role for enabling Pd/C catalyst to keep high activity and stability. The mechanism of this phenomenon was studied through catalyst characterization (TEM, XRD and XPS), and the change of surface composition of Pd/C catalyst in different solvent in the HDC reaction was raveled. Above results indicated that water in isopropanol-water prevented NaCl accumulating on the surface of catalyst, which avoided the decline in activity and stability of the catalyst. On the basis of these studies, isopropanol-water (60/40, v/v) solvent system was developed to dispose high concentration transformer oil-contained PCBs, where the chloride atom removal ratio of transformer oil-contained PCBs at 2% (w/w) and 5% (w/w) concentration could reach 95.2% and 88.0% for 10 h under mild conditions respectively, and the Pd/C could be recovered and reused at least 10 times without any loss of catalytic activity. (C) 2013 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved