An investigation of the relationship between governance, decision-making, and school effectiveness: a case study of four high schools

The Purpose of this study was to investigate the relationship between governance, decision-making, and particular indicators of school effectiveness: parental involvement, professional development of teachers, planning and budgeting, facilities and resources and student outcomes. The study focused on the Principal, teachers, parents, and students of four high schools in the Wollongong area of NSW. The schools represented different governance arrangements: one government; one independent Catholic; one independent Christian parent-controlled; one Catholic systemic. Each school represented a case study in which was applied mixed-method research utilising quantitative and qualitative approaches including questionnaire, semi-structured interview and document review. The results indicate similar approaches to and constraints on governance/decisionmaking across the four schools. An apparent relationship between type of governance and school effectiveness was not established. Different governance structures were not shown to have major impact on different school effectiveness indicators. However, a clear finding was that the Principal is central to the management and direction of decision-making in the school more so than any factors or differences there may be in other aspects of governance. It is not just the structural and hierarchical aspects of the Principal’s role that is important, but how he or she directs and manages school governance. The centrality of the Principals in these schools, the way they perceived and enacted their roles both generally and in relation to the roles of other stakeholders, and their participation in school decision-making, were thus critical in the governance of their schools. The findings of this study, as of other studies, were inconclusive on relationships between other structural governance factors and school effectiveness indicators, and suggest that the Principal\u27s impact on such indicators as student outcomes may be significant but indirect. The study findings do, however support other findings on the importance of the Principal\u27s role – their perception of it and the roles of others related to it, their personal and professional capabilities, and the extent to which they lead and involve others collaboratively in school governance and decision-making

تأثیر اخلاق حرفه‌ای بر کارآفرینی سازمانی و کارآفرینی اجتماعی کارکنان با آزمون نقش میانجی تعهد سازمانی

Background and Aim: Professional ethics can be an effective measure of the development and success of organizations, excellence creation, sustainable development, entrepreneurship and commitment. Therefore, the present study aimed to investigate the effect of professional ethics on organizational entrepreneurship and the social entrepreneurship of employees by examining the mediating role of organizational commitment. Materials and Methods: The present research is of applied type in terms of purpose and descriptive-correlational in terms of the strategy used. Data was collected through the survey method. The statistical population of the study was made up of all 440 employees of Shiraz Namazi Hospital. Out of these employees, 205 people were selected as the sample size of the study using simple random sampling and Morgan's table. Questionnaires of professional ethics (Cadozier), organizational entrepreneurship (Margaret Hill), social entrepreneurship (Dees) and organizational commitment (Allen & Mayer) were used to collect data. Data were analyzed by Pearson correlation coefficient and Structural Equation Modeling using SPSS 24 and LISREL 8.8 software. Ethical Considerations: The objectives of the research and the confidentiality of information were explained to the participants and their informed consent was obtained. Findings: The results showed the direct, positive and significant effect of professional ethics on organizational entrepreneurship (P=0.56) and social entrepreneurship (P=0.41), professional ethics on organizational commitment (P=0.22), organizational commitment on organizational entrepreneurship (P=0.22) and Social entrepreneurship (P=0.25) of the staff of Shiraz Namazi Hospital. Results also manifested that professional ethics with the mediating role of organizational commitment impacts organizational entrepreneurship (P=0.05) and social entrepreneurship (P=0.06) of Namazi Hospital staff. Furthermore, it was found that the largest total effect is related to the effect of professional ethics on organizational entrepreneurship (P=0.58). Conclusion: This study showed that professional ethics and organizational commitment have an effective role in organizational and social entrepreneurship and to promote organizational and social entrepreneurship of employees along with entrepreneurship training, these factors should also be considered.   Cite this article as: Mahmoodi M, Mohajeran B, Razzaghi M. The Effect of Professional Ethics on Organizational Entrepreneurship and Social Entrepreneurship of Employees by Testing the Mediating Role of Organizational Commitment. Faslnamah-i akhlaq-i pizishki. 2021; 15(46): e26.زمینه و هدف: اخلاق حرفه‌ای می‌تواند معیاری مؤثر در توسعه و موفقیت سازمان‌ها، برای ایجاد تعالی، توسعه پایدار، کارآفرینی و تعهد باشد. از این رو پژوهش حاضر با هدف بررسی تأثیر اخلاق حرفه‌ای بر کارآفرینی سازمانی و کارآفرینی اجتماعی کارکنان با آزمون نقش میانجی تعهد سازمانی انجام شده است. مواد و روش‌‌ها: پژوهش حاضر بر اساس هدف، کاربردی و بر اساس نوع روش توصیفی ـ همبستگی و از لحاظ گردآوری اطلاعات پیمایشی می‌باشد. جامعه آماری پژوهش شامل کلیه کارکنان بیمارستان نمازی شیراز به تعداد 440 نفر بود. حجم نمونه با توجه به جامعه آماری و با استفاده از روش نمونه‌گیری تصادفی ساده و جدول مورگان 205 نفر در نظر گرفته شد. برای جمع‌آوری داده‌ها از پرسشنامه‌های اخلاق حرفه‌ای (Cadozier)، کارآفرینی سازمانی (Margaret Hill)، کارآفرینی اجتماعی (Dees) و تعهد سازمانی (Allen & Mayer) استفاده شد. تجزیه و تحلیل داده‌ها از طریق روش‌های آماری ضریب همبستگی پیرسون و مدل‌یابی معادلات ساختاری با استفاده از نرم‌افزارهای SPSS 25 و LISREL 8.8 انجام شد. ملاحظات اخلاقی: درباره اهداف پژوهش و محرمانگی اطلاعات به شرکت‌کنندگان توضیح داده شد و رضایت آگاهانه آن‌ها اخذ گردید. یافته‌ها: نتایج پژوهش نشان داد که اخلاق حرفه‌ای بر کارآفرینی سازمانی (56/0) و کارآفرینی اجتماعی (41/0)، اخلاق حرفه‌ای بر تعهد سازمانی (22/0)، تعهد سازمانی بر کارآفرینی سازمانی (22/0) و کارآفرینی اجتماعی (25/0)، کارکنان بیمارستان نمازی شیراز تأثیر مستقیم، مثبت و معنی‌داری دارد. اخلاق حرفه‌ای با نقش میانجی تعهد سازمانی بر کارآفرینی سازمانی (05/0) و کارآفرینی اجتماعی (06/0) کارکنان بیمارستان نمازی تأثیر دارد. همچنین بیشترین اثر کل مربوط به اثر اخلاق حرفه‌ای بر کارآفرینی سازمانی (58/0) می‌باشد. نتیجه‌گیری: این مطالعه نشان داد اخلاق حرفه‌ای و تعهد سازمانی نقش مؤثری بر کارآفرینی سازمانی و اجتماعی دارند و به منظور ارتقای کارآفرینی سازمانی و اجتماعی کارکنان در کنار آموزش کارآفرینی، این عوامل نیز باید مورد نظر قرار گیرند

Designing a model for quality of teachers' ranking system

The present study aimed to design a quality model for the teacher ranking system. The research method is applied in terms of purpose, mixed (qualitative-quantitative) in terms of research method and descriptive-survey in terms of data collection method. The statistical population in the qualitative section included teachers included in the ranking system, principals and experts familiar with this field in Tehran, who by purposeful sampling method with 15 people as participants in semi-structured interviews. The statistical population in the quantitative part includes all primary, secondary and high school teachers in Tehran, whose number was 46,351 and the sample size was 381 using Cochran's formula, which was done by multi-stage cluster random sampling. Is. Data collection tool was a researcher-made questionnaire with 89 questions. To analyze the data in the qualitative part, the content analysis method was used and in the quantitative part, the structural equation modeling test using LISREL software was used. The findings of the qualitative section led to the identification of 37 subcategories, 9 sub-categories and 3 main categories as structural, contextual and behavioral strategies. In the quantitative part, the final model of the research was confirmed by first and second order confirmatory factor analysis and its validity and reliability were confirmed. the results showed that the variables of contextual, behavioral and cognitive strategies have a significant effect on teachers' quality model

Structural Analysis of the Mediating Role of Organizational Commitment in the Relationship between Organizational Agility and Organizational Intelligence with Organizational Performance (Case Study: Northwest University Jihad Units)

The purpose of this study is structural analysis of the mediating role of organizational commitment in the relationship between organizational agility and organizational intelligence with organizational performance among academic center of education units in the northwest of Iran. The study method is descriptive-correlational and the statistical population including all employees of the Northwestern academic center of education units (West Azerbaijan and East Azerbaijan, Ardabil and Kurdistan), which consist of total of 320 people. The sample size is 206 people who are selected by stratified random sampling method according to the size of the population. Standard questionnaires of organizational performance, organizational agility, organizational intelligence and organizational commitment are used to collect data. The content validity of the instruments is confirmed by experts and an appropriate validity level is reported for them. Confirmatory factor analysis is also used for the construct validity of the instruments. Reliability coefficients for organizational commitment, organizational intelligence, organizational agility and organizational performance questionnaires were reported to be .79,.89,.87, and .4, respectively. To analyze the data, descriptive statistics techniques including bar graphs, mean and standard deviation and inferential statistics including multiple regression and structural equation modeling are used. The results revealed that organizational intelligence, organizational agility and organizational commitment have a direct impact on organizational performance. Also, organizational intelligence and organizational agility had an indirect effect on organizational performance by mediating role of organizational commitment. Therefore, it is suggested that the managers of academic center of education units pay more attention to establishing and implementing organizational intelligence and organizational agility to increase organizational commitment and ultimately improve organizational performance

Evaluation the Deprivation of Education and Training Areas in Ardabil Province and Providing Strategies for Achieving Sustainable Educational Development

The purpose of the present study, which is descriptive-analytic, is to investigate and assess the level of development and explanation of the gap between the cities of Ardebil province in terms of educational indicators. Information about 53 indicators in the form of physical facilities educational and educational spaces, educational facilities for students, Students 'academic achievement, economic productivity indices, human resource indices by referring to the statistical and libraries' annual reports, institutional indicators, non-cognitive indices and process indicators were also collected through a questionnaire. Information about the province's education and training, population and housing censuses, statistical yearbooks, and computer data from Iran's Statistics Center have been gathered. SPSS software version 20 and Excel2016 have been used to perform computations. Using Vicon models and the entropy weighing method, the ranking of education and training areas of the province has been carried out. Then, through statistical models such as regression analysis and analysis of variance, ANP network analysis process has been used to analyze the factors affecting the development of education areas in Ardabil province. Finally, the most influential indicators were identified. Based on the findings, Ardebil city ranked first in the first rank and in the city of Aslandoz