Application of Collaborative Care Model on Components of Caregiver Burden in Families of Patients with Mental Disorders

Background: Collaborative care can be used as a component of self-care in reducing the complications of care in family caregivers of mental patients. Therefore, the present study aims to "determine the impact of the use of collaborative care model on the care burden parameters of the family of patients with mental disorders". Methods: In this clinical trial, 66 households from family caregivers of mental patients participated who were eligible for inclusion in a study in the Shahid Rajaee Hospital of Yasuj in 2014.  The samples were available and were divided into two groups of intervention (33 families) and control (33 families) based on simple random sampling. The instruments were demographic information sheet, primary needs assessment checklist, Novak’s caregiver burden inventory (CBI). Collaborative care model was implemented based on the motivation, preparation, involvement and evaluation phases in the intervention group for 11 sessions. No intervention was performed for control group during this period. Data analysis was performed based on descriptive and inferential statistics (Chi-square, independent t-test, and Mann-Whitney) using SPSS V.21 with a significant level (p< 0.05). Results: The results showed that there was no significant difference in the scores of care burden between the two groups before intervention (P> 0.05); however, after implementation of the model, there was a significant difference between the mean care burden and all the components of the intervention group and the control group. (P< 0.05). Conclusion: Implementation of collaborative care model is effective in decreasing the care burden of the family of patients with mental disorders. Therefore, it is recommended using of this model in health care

Survey the effect of drawing and implementing of concept map in a group method with a computer on the divergent thinking of nursing students

Introduction: Concept map is one of the effective methods in the evolution of medical education, which leads to the development of learning problem solving, group skills and creativity. The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of drawing and implementing of concept map in a group method with a computer on the divergent thinking of nursing students. Materials and methods: The present study was experimental and population enter to study in consensus method. 102 nursing students participated in this study. Using the random allocation method, 51 people were in the intervention group and 51 people were in the comparison group. The intervention plan of drawing and presenting a concept map was done in a group method using Mind Mapper software during 7 sessions that each session was 90 minutes. Peter Hani's questionnaire was used to measure students' divergent thinking. Data analysis was done using SPSS version 22 software. Findings: The mean and standard deviation of divergent thinking scores of students in the intervention group were 5.68 ± 1.22, 8.23 ± 1.35 and 8.70 ± 1.18 before, after and one month after the intervention. The mean and standard deviation of divergent thinking scores of students in the control group were 3.41 ± 0.66, 3.41 ± 0.66 and 3.33 ± 0.62 before, after, and one month after the intervention, and there was a significant difference between the intervention and control groups in terms of divergent thinking. (P<0.001). Conclusion: The average of divergent thinking score of the students in the intervention group was significantly higher than the control group, which shows the positive effect of drawing and implementing a concept map in a group method with the computer, so it is suggested to use this student-centered method in the teaching and learning process in higher education program

In situ Effect of Nanohydroxyapatite Paste in Enamel Teeth Bleaching

Federal University of Para. Department of Restorative Dentistry. Belem, PA, Brazil.Federal University of Para. Department of Restorative Dentistry. Belem, PA, Brazil.Federal University of Para. Department of Restorative Dentistry. Belem, PA, Brazil.Federal University of Para. Department of Restorative Dentistry. Belem, PA, Brazil.Ministério da Saúde. Secretaria de Vigilância em Saúde. Instituto Evandro Chagas. Departamento de Toxicologia. Ananindeua, PA, Brasil.Federal University of Para. Department of Restorative Dentistry. Belem, PA, Brazil.AIM: Evaluate in situ the effect of nanohydroxyapatite paste (nano-HAP) before bleaching with hydrogen peroxide 35% (HP35%) by ion chromatography (IC) Knoop hardness number (KHN) and tristimulus colorimetry (TC). MATERIALS AND METHODS: A total of 60 fragments were obtained from third molars included (3 mm × 3 mm × 3 mm) and the specimens were divided into three groups (n = 20): Gas chromatography (CG) (negative control group) = no bleaching; HP35% (positive control group) = HP35% whitening (whiteness HP35%); nano-HAP = application for 10 minutes before bleaching treatment + HP35%. The specimens were fixed to the volunteers' molars. The KHN and TC were measured before and after bleaching. For IC, the dentin layer was removed, leaving the enamel that was crushed, and autoclaved for chemical quantification (calcium, fluorine, and phosphorus). The results of KHN and TC were analyzed statistically by analysis of variance (ANOVA) followed by Tukey test (p < 0.05). RESULTS: The HP35% group showed reduction of the Ca, F, and P ions. The initial and final KHN mean of the CG and nano-HAP did not differ statistically; however, the group of HP35% did differ statistically. The mean ΔE of the HP35% and nano-HAP groups did not differ statistically from each other. However, they differed from the CG. CONCLUSION: The nano-HAP paste preserved the KHN, promoted the lower loss of Ca and P ions and an increase of F ions when compared with the CG, but did not influence the effectiveness of the bleaching treatment. CLINICAL SIGNIFICANCE: Nano-HA is a biomaterial that has shown positive results in the prevention of deleterious effects on the enamel by the action of the office bleaching treatment