Socio-spatial transformations in Gabes oases : decline in agricultural activities, informal urbanisation and environmental degradation in Zrig, from the 1970s to the present day

Cette thèse porte sur un espace oasien (une terre agricole encore en état de production) qui tend à s’urbaniser de manière informelle : l’oasis de Zrig, dans le Sud-est de Gabès, en Tunisie. L’habitat qui s’y développe prolifère sans permis de construire depuis 1980. Dans ce nouvel espace urbain se développe une double marginalisation sociale touchant aussi bien les paysans qui ont perdu leurs terres que les nouveaux venus aux ressources souvent précaires. L’environnement et le patrimoine agricole local en pâtissent également. Zrig est un détail (au sens pictural) du devenir de l’oasis de Gabès. Un travail de recherche sur l’espace de Zrig et ses transformations se rapproche de la chronique d’une dégradation annoncée. Il y a, en effet, dégradation à deux niveaux : la transformation d’un espace oasien en un espace urbain difforme et le développement de pratiques socio-économiques informelles liées aux stratégies des nouveaux arrivants et aux rapports qu'ils entretiennent avec les autorités locales.Ce travail s’appuie sur les résultats d’une enquête de longue haleine que j'ai effectuée de 2010 au 2016 auprès des habitants de Zrig, ceux d’hier et d’aujourd’hui, afin de recueillir leurs représentations des transformations spatiales et sociales qui ont affecté l’oasis. Il constitue également une étude des modes de construction de logements informels et une analyse des stratégies perpétuant cette pratique mise en œuvre par les nouveaux venus.This dissertation relates to an oasis area (a still productive agricultural land) which is being informally urbanized: in the Zrig oasis, south-east of Gabes, the habitat has proliferated without building permit since 1980.In this new urban space, a double social marginalization affects farmers who lost their land as well as newcomers with often precarious resources. The environment and the local agricultural heritage are also impacted.Zrig is a detail (in apictorial sense) of the future of the Gabes oasis. A research work on the space of Zrig and its transformations resembles the chronicle of an announced degradation. Indeed, the degradation can be identified at two levels: the transformation of an oasis area into a deformed urban space, and the development of informal socio-economic practices related to the strategies of space occupants and to their relations with local authorities. In addition to the data provided by official and academic surveys, this work is based on the results of a long-term survey that I conducted from 2010 to 2016 Zrig, those of yesterday and those of today, in order to collect their representations of the spatial and social transformations that affected the oasis. But also to study the building practices of informal settlement sand the strategies of newcomers for this purpose

خیر المجالس : ملفوظات حضرت شیخ نصیر الدین محمود چراغ دهلی / مرتبه حمید قلندر ; با تصحیح و مقدمه و تعلیقات از خلیق احمد نظامی

application/pdfIn Persian, prefatory matter in Englis

Treatise on the accurate marking of quadrants : manuscript, [19th century?].

On the accurate marking of quadrants.Contains geometrical diagrams.Text rubricated; corrections in hand of copyist.On the accurate marking of quadrants.Mode of access: Internet.McGregor FundPurchased in Cairo, 1933/34. Owner's mark: inside cover, manuscript notes in handwriting of Max Meyerhof

Kitāb Zubdat al-ʻirfān, [early 18th century?].

Fine copy of the work on the ten readings of the Qurʼan as collected by the author from various sources.Shelfmark: Ann Arbor, University of Michigan, Special Collections Research Center, Isl. Ms. 15Origin: Lacks dated colophon ; paper suggests 18th century. Colophon on fol.156a-156b (p.309-310) indicates text was copied in the city of Tūqāt (Tokat) in the Khātūnīyah madrasah.Former shelfmark: British Museum, London "No. 154. Zubdat al-kuran."Binding: Pasteboards covered in orange brown leather ; Type III binding (without flap) ; board linings in laid paper (under leather turn-ins) ; upper and lower cover carry simple design of incised fillets marking a border, cornerpieces and centerline ; sewn in rose colored thread, two stations ; worked chevron endbands in green and cream ; in fair condition with some abrasion, staining, lifting and shrinkage of leather, moisture damage, etc.Support: European laid paper in perhaps a few different types ; main type is smooth, well-burnished and fairly crisp with a yellowish tint, roughly 10-12 laid lines per cm. (horizontal) and chain lines evenly spaced 26 mm. apart (vertical) ; watermarks include grapes, names (difficult to make out) and crown ; latter type is slightly thicker and whiter in color with laid lines spaced roughly 13 per cm. (horizontal) and chain lines spaced 25 mm. apart (vertical) ; main watermark appears to be a type of scrollwork with three hats ; staining, ink smudges (occasionally obscuring text see fol.130b/p.260), and hole burned in fol.128b (p.256).Decoration: Crude 'headpiece' on fol.1b (p.2) consisting of semi-circular outlines in red with vertical stalks in black and title in red ; red rule-border surroundes the written area ; text rubricated with headings, keywords, sigla and other abbreviations, overlining, etc. in red.Script: Naskh ; bold Turkish hand, written in a thick, heavy line ; virtually serifless ; mainly closed counters ; pointing in two dots appears as a line or inverted caret ; slight effect of tilt to the left ; alif lām of definite article occasionally assimilated ; compact, adhereing to baseline though occasionally letters in final words of a line are superscript.Layout: Written in 11 lines per page ; frame-ruled.Collation: 15 V (150), IV (158), i ; chiefly quinions ; fol.23a (p.45) left blank, but with what appears to be no text missing ; final two folios unruled, carry related extratextual material in same hand as main text ; catchwords present (last word of final line repeated on the recto of the following leaf) ; pagination in pencil, Western numerals, supplied during digitization (skips two pages between pp.221-223 and includes final flyleaf).Colophon: "Scribal" [?], triangular, reads: " قد وقع الفراغ من تسويد هذه [كذا] الكتاب [؟] المتين يتأبدوا هب القوى والنعم المسنين بديع الشكل عديم المثال كثير النفع قليل المقال في مدينة توقات بمدرسة خاتونية صانها الله عن المصائب الدينية والدنيوية ويسر الختم تمت الكتاب"Explicit: "ولو وقف عليه الهمزة [؟] كان الوقف على هزوا في البقرة لا تبديل لكلمات الله انه السميع العليم ... وبجاه من احببته وبعثته"Incipit: "الحمد لله الذي جعلنا من القارئين الذين هم قرؤا القرآن بصحيح الروايات ... اما بعد فيقول الفقير الى رحمة الله الغني حامد ابن الحاج عبد الفتاح البالوى لما قرأت القرآن العظيم من اوله الى اخره ختمة كاملة بالقراآت المتواترة للائمة العشرة ..."Title from 'headpiece' on fol.1b (p.2).Ms. codex.Brockelmann, C. GAL,Fine copy of the work on the ten readings of the Qurʼan as collected by the author from various sources.Mode of access: Internet.Acquired by purchase along with Abdul Hamid Collection (funds donated by Horace Rackham).Bookplate of British Museum, London on upper cover,"British Museum, London. No. 154. Zubdat al-kuran." ; circular seal impression with figure of goat/gazelle in purple ink as well as inscription "449" in Western numerals on fol.1a (p.1) ; on fol.1a (p.1) ownership statement in name of ʻAbd al-Ghafūr ibn Muḥammad Saʻīd Shukrī accompanied by circular seal impression seemingly dated 1267 [1850 or 1] "السيد عبد الغفور شكرى [؟] ۱۲٦٧", statement reads "تملكه الفقير الى رحمة ربه القدير [السيد العبد] الغفور بن محمد سعيد ... زاده" (compare statement and seal impression in Isl. Ms. 143) ; a few other seal impressions on fol.1a (p.1), one circular and quite illegible and the other octagonal with "عبد الكريم السيد" and below it in black ink "الارزنجانى" (i.e. al-Sayyid ʻAbd al-Karīm al-Arzanjānī) ; occasional glosses ; a few marginal corrections ; notabilia (side-heads) with sūrah headings