Preliminary results of in vitro culture of pea and lupin embryos for the reduction of generation cycles in single seed descent technique

The aim of the studies was to establish in vitro conditions for the culture of pea and lupin embryos as the first step in the development of an in vitro assisted single seed descent technique for the attainment of homozygous populations. Materials for the study included of pea, and narrow-leafed and yellow lupin cultivars. Embryos dissected from mature but still-green seeds were cultured in vitro on two modified MS media and under three temperature regimes. Shoot and root lengths of regenerated plants were measured after 7, 14 and 21 days of culture. For pea plants full-strength MS medium with 4 g l−1 agar and temperature 22/ 20°C (day/night) appeared to be the most conducive to shoot and root development, whereas for lupin plants lower temperatures were more propitious: 12°C in the dark for narrow-leafed lupin and 16/ 12°C (day/night) for yellow lupin. Almost all the cultured embryos developed into plants, but not all the regenerated plants survived acclimation to ex vitro conditions

Establishment, growth and yield potential of the perennial grass Miscanthus x giganteus on degraded coal mine soils

BBS/E/W/10963A01Miscanthus x giganteus is a giant C4 grass native to Asia. Unlike most C4 species, it is relatively cold tolerant due to adaptations across a wide range of altitudes. These grasses are characterized by high productivity and low input requirements, making them excellent candidates for bioenergy feedstock production. The aim of this study was to investigate the potential for growing Miscanthus on extremely marginal soils, degraded by open lignite (brown coal) mining. Field experiments were established within three blocks situated on waste heaps originating from the lignite mine. Analyses were conducted over the first 3 years following Miscanthus cultivation, focusing on the effect of organic and mineral fertilization on crop growth, development and yield in this extreme environment. The following levels of fertilization were implemented between the blocks: the control plot with no fertilization (D0), a plot with sewage sludge (D1), a plot with an identical amount of sewage sludge plus one dose of mineral fertilizer (D2) and a plot with an identical amount of sewage sludge plus a double dose of mineral fertilizer (D3). Crop development and characteristics (plant height, tillering, and biomass yield [dry matter]) were measured throughout the study period and analyzed using Analysis of Variance (ANOVA). Significant differences were apparent between plant development and 3rd year biomass production over the course of the study (0.964 kg plant-1 for DO compared to 1.503 kg plant-1 for D1). Soil analyses conducted over the course of the experiment showed that organic carbon levels within the soil increased significantly following the cultivation of Miscanthus, and overall, pH decreased. With the exception of iron, macronutrient concentrations remained stable throughout. The promising yields and positive effects of Miscanthus on the degraded soil suggests that long term plantations on land otherwise unsuitable for agriculture may prove to be of great environmental and economic significancepublishersversionPeer reviewe

The Relationship Between Grain Hardness, Dough Mixing Parameters and Bread-Making Quality in Winter Wheat

The influence of grain hardness, determined by using molecular markers and physical methods (near-infrared (NIR) technique and particle size index—PSI) on dough characteristics, which in turn were determined with the use of a farinograph and reomixer, as well as bread-making properties were studied. The material covered 24 winter wheat genotypes differing in grain hardness. The field experiment was conducted at standard and increased levels of nitrogen fertilization. Results of molecular analyses were in agreement with those obtained by the use of physical methods for soft-grained lines. Some lines classified as hard (by physical methods) appeared to have the wild-type Pina and Pinb alleles, similar to soft lines. Differences in dough and bread-making properties between lines classified as hard and soft on the basis of molecular data appeared to be of less significance than the differences between lines classified as hard and soft on the basis of physical analyses of grain texture. Values of relative grain hardness at the increased nitrogen fertilization level were significantly higher. At both fertilization levels the NIR parameter determining grain hardness was significantly positively correlated with the wet gluten and sedimentation values, with most of the rheological parameters and bread yield. Values of this parameter correlated with quality characteristics in a higher degree than values of particle size index

Interaction of gene effects with environments for malting quality of barley doubled haploids

Abstract. Barley doubled haploids covering a wide range of malting quality, along with their parental cultivars and F 2 , F 3 hybrids, were investigated in six environments (three locations, two years) to study the genotype-environment (G × E) interaction structure and the influence of environments on additive, dominance and epistatic gene effects. Grain and malt characters, such as 1000-grain weight, percentage of plump kernels, malt extract yield, protein content, Kolbach index and malt fine-coarse difference (FCD), were measured. Main effects for genetic parameters were estimated and regression analysis was used to explain the interaction of gene effects with environments. The results show that additive effects had the greatest interaction with environments for all the analysed traits, but only for malt characters this interaction was linear. Interaction of dominance effects was much lower and only in the case of 1000-grain weight, protein content and Kolbach index it proved to be significant. The results suggest that effects of heterozygous loci are more stable in contrasting environments than effects of homozygous loci

Preliminary results of in vitro culture of pea and lupin embryos for the reduction of generation cycles in single seed descent technique

The aim of the studies was to establish in vitro conditions for the culture of pea and lupin embryos as the first step in the development of an in vitro assisted single seed descent technique for the attainment of homozygous populations. Materials for the study included of pea, and narrow-leafed and yellow lupin cultivars. Embryos dissected from mature but still-green seeds were cultured in vitro on two modified MS media and under three temperature regimes. Shoot and root lengths of regenerated plants were measured after 7, 14 and 21 days of culture. For pea plants full-strength MS medium with 4 g l−1 agar and temperature 22/ 20°C (day/night) appeared to be the most conducive to shoot and root development, whereas for lupin plants lower temperatures were more propitious: 12°C in the dark for narrow-leafed lupin and 16/ 12°C (day/night) for yellow lupin. Almost all the cultured embryos developed into plants, but not all the regenerated plants survived acclimation to ex vitro conditions

An introduction to multivariate statistical analyses. Part II. The application

Prowadząc doświadczenia oraz analizując dane pochodzące z doświadczeń często obserwuje się i analizuje wiele cech charakteryzujących pewne obiekty doświadczalne. Często każda z tych cech analizowana jest osobno. Jednak, by mieć pełen obraz wyłaniający się z prowadzonych badań, należy sięgnąć do analizy wielocechowej pozwalającej na całościowe podejście do badanego problemu. W pracy przedstawiono praktyczny przykład obliczeniowy opisanych w części pierwszej metod wielocechowych analiz statystycznych. W szczególności przedstawiono wielozmienną analizę wariancji oraz powiązane z nią: analizę kontrastów oraz analizę zmiennych kanonicznych.While conducting research and analysing experimental data, one often observes and analyses multiple characteristics of certain experimental objects. Often each of these characteristics is analyzed separately. However, to have a complete picture emerging from the research you should use multivariate analysis which allowing a holistic approach to the investigation of the problem. The paper presents a practical example of the calculation methods of multivariate statistical analysis formally described in the first part. In particular, this paper presents the MANOVA analysis and an analysis of contrasts and canonical variables analysis associated with it

An introduction to multivariate statistical analyses. Part I. Theoretical background

Analizy wielocechowe są coraz szerzej stosowane w badaniach rolniczych. Powszechna dostępność pakietów statystycznych realizujących tego typu analizy pozwala na ich powszechne wykorzystywanie. Problemem staje się więc umiejętność właściwego wykorzystania tych analiz i poprawnej interpretacji uzyskanych z nich wyników. W pracy omówiono podstawowe pojęcia analizy wielozmiennej, opisano wielozmienny model liniowy obserwacji, wielocechową analizę wariancji, niezbędne statystyki testowe a także wielocechowe metody oceny podobieństwa obiektów.Multivariate analyses are increasingly used in agricultural research. The widespread availability of statistical packages pursuing this type of analysis allows for their use. Then, the ability of appropriate application of the analysis and correct interpretation of its results becomes problematic. The paper discusses basic concepts of the multivariate analysis, the multivariate model of observations, the multivariate analysis of variance, the appropriate statistical tests and the multivariate methods for estimation of the objects’ similarity

Variability of enzymatic systems in natural populations of Anthyllis vulneraria s. 1. from three geographic regions of Poland. Part II. Geographic variability of enzymatic systems in six woundwort populations

Differences between populations of Anthyllis vulneraria s.l. from three distinct geographic regions of Poland for four enzyme systems showed different variability and various patterns of isoenzymes. The smallest differences between populations from similar habitats were found for two populations from dune. Data from statistical analysis of enzyme variation in the examined natural populations of Anthyllis vulneraria were correlated with data of statistical analyses of morphological features, features of flowers, and analyses of phenolic compounds