Infectious bursal disease virus: identification of the novel genetic group and reassortant viruses

The results of the phylogenic analysis of the nucleotide sequence of the IBDV A and B genome segments have been presented. Traditionally the IBDV isolates are classified based on the phylogenic analysis of the hypervariable region of the VP2 gene. The analysis of the VP2 gene segments of the isolates detected in the Russian Federation demonstrated that most of them belong to the genetic group comprising highly virulent IBDV isolates. However, not all isolates belonging to one genetic group have the same phenotypic characteristics. This is related to the fact that the virulence is determined not only based on the characteristics of the VP2 gene (A segment) but on the characteristics of the VP1 gene (B segment) as well. The IBDV genome segmentation allows formation of reassortant viruses which can be identified as a result of the genome segment analysis. The phylogenic analysis of the nucleotide sequences of VP2 and VP1 genes of 28 IBDV isolates detected at RF, Ukrainian and Kazakh poultry establishments in 2007 and 2019 showed that 15 of them are reassortant viruses. Different combinations of the genome segments have been identified among these reassortant viruses. Detection of different combinations of IBDV genome segments is indicative of the fact that the heterogeneous virus population circulates on the poultry farms. Pathogenicity studies of the three IBDV isolates showed that the most virulent was an isolate having two genome segments characteristic of the highly virulent virus. Two reassortant viruses having only one genome segment A or B, characteristic of the infectious bursal disease, demonstrated less pronounced virulent properties

Raising Moral Culture in University Students in the Prerevolutionaty Russia

В статье рассматриваются особенности приобщения студентов к нравственной культуре в университетах имперской России. Сделана попытка осмысления педагогического опыта и традиций нравственного воспитания в период развития российского университетского образования середины ХІХ в. с целью раскрытия богатого воспитательного потенциала и возможностей его использования в современном образовательном процессе.The paper considers the typical features of formation of moral culture of university students in the middle of the 19th century in Russia. The author analyses the pedagogical experience and traditions of moral culture formation in order to show its rich educational potential and possibility of using it nowadays

The Refinement as the Moral Precondition for the Man’s Intellectual Creative Activity (the Historical Aspect)

The paper is devoted to the ethical and cultural facilitation of intellectual creative activities. The methodology basis of the research compiles the differentiated analy- sis of Russian moral culture and axiological analysis of its educational potential. The authors describe the specifics of the system of aristocratic moral qualities and refinement; their main characteristics being observed. The novelty of the approach involves the understanding of the aristocratic moral values as a necessary condition for the productive intellectual and creative activity. The authors investigate the historic origin of the aristocratic moral values, and define the functions and specifics of the Russian type of aristocratic culture; the objective and subjective conditions of its for- mation are highlighted, as well as the integrity of the refinement inherent in people en- gaged in intellectual and creative activities. The authors believe that revival of the refinement, as one of the aspects of the Russian moral culture, depends on both the development of our own nation and the the world society as a whole. Nowadays, when the postindustrial society is giving way to the informational one, the production of information takes the leading part in social life. The information and knowledge, being its unified products, provide new ways for evolving of the phenomenon of refinement. Its pedagogic potential should be imple- mented in the process of education and upbringing

Improving Emergency Response Systems in the Oil and Gas Industry To Reduce Environmental Damage

The article identifies the main problems of eliminating the reduction of environmental damage by improving the response systems to man-made accidents at hazardous production facilities of the oil and gas complex. Risk factors for ensuring safety at a hazardous production facility in the oil and gas industry are identified, the most significant risk factor is identified by the method of hierarchical analysis, and the problem of the engineering and technical factor in the system “man technical environment industrial environment environment” is revealed. “The solution to the problem is indicated the use of a developed mobile emergency response system, which makes it possible to halve the response time to an emergency. The developed response system can be applied at any hazardous production facility in the oil and gas industry due to its flexibility

The refinement as the moral precondition for the man’s intellectual creative activity (the historical aspect)

The paper is devoted to the ethical and cultural facilitation of intellectual creative activities. The methodology basis of the research compiles the differentiated analysis of Russian moral culture and axiological analysis of its educational potential. The authors describe the specifics of the system of aristocratic moral qualities and refinement; their main characteristics being observed. The novelty of the approach involves the understanding of the aristocratic moral values as a necessary condition for the productive intellectual and creative activity. The authors investigate the historic origin of the aristocratic moral values, and define the functions and specifics of the Russian type of aristocratic culture; the objective and subjective conditions of its formation are highlighted, as well as the integrity of the refinement inherent in people engaged in intellectual and creative activities. The authors believe that revival of the refinement, as one of the aspects of the Russian moral culture, depends on both the development of our own nation and the the world society as a whole. Nowadays, when the postindustrial society is giving way to the informational one, the production of information takes the leading part in social life. The information and knowledge, being its unified products, provide new ways for evolving of the phenomenon of refinement. Its pedagogic potential should be implemented in the process of education and upbringing  Статья посвящена проблеме этико-культурологической поддержки интеллектуально-творческой деятельности. Методологической основой исследования является дифференцированное осмысление отечественной нравственной культуры и аксиологический анализ ее образовательного потенциала. Рассмотрены особенности аристократической системы нравственных качеств человека и интеллигентности, названы их важнейшие характеристики. Новизна подхода заключается в том, что аристократическая модель системы нравственных ценностей осмыслена как личностное условие продуктивной интеллектуально-творческой деятельности. Осуществлен исторический экскурс ее формирования, сформулированы функции и специфика проявления рассматриваемого типа российской поливариантной нравственной культуры, выделены объективные и субъективные условия ее становления, обоснована органичность интеллигентности для субъектов интеллектуально-творческой деятельности. Авторы статьи считают, что воспроизводство интеллигентности в качестве одного из вариантов нравственной культуры России в настоящее время зависит как от собственного пути развития нашего народа, так и от перспектив прогресса мирового сообщества в целом. На современном этапе, когда постиндустриальная эпоха сменяется информационной и в общественной жизни ведущее место постепенно занимает информационное производство, всеобщим продуктом которого является знание и информация, появляются новые возможности для дальнейшей эволюции такого явления, как интеллигентность. Ее педагогический потенциал необходимо использовать в воспитательно-образовательном процесс

Galectin-3 and matrix metalloproteinases 2 and 9 in peripheral blood of gastric cancer patients

Background: High incidence of gastric cancer (GC), its aggressive clinical course, rapid tumor dissemination, low sensitivity to chemotherapy and lack of reliable laboratory diagnostic criteria urgently require a search for the most informative markers associated with key biologic properties of the tumors. Aim: Comparative analysis of galectin-3, matrix metalloproteinase (MMP)-2, and MMP-9 levels in peripheral blood of GC patients and healthy donors, assessment of association of these markers with clinical morphological characteristics of the disease, and prognosis of overall and relapse-free survival. Materials and methods: Sixty (60) primary treatment-nave GC patients (38 men, 22 women) aged 29 to 81 years and 90 healthy donors compatible with their age and sex were included into the study. Galectin-3 was measured in EDTA plasma, MMP-2 and MMP-9 in serum with standard direct enzyme immunoassay kits "Human MMP-2 (total)", "Human MMP-9 (total)", "Human Galectin-3" (RD Systems, USA). Results: Plasma galectin-3 concentration in the GC patients was significantly higher than in the healthy controls (median 12.9 and 10.6 ng/ml, respectively; p 0.0001). No difference in serum MMP-9 levels between GC patients and control subjects were found, while MMP-2 level in the control group was significantly higher, than in the GC patients (p = 0.039). No association between galectin-3, MMP-2, and MMP-9 blood levels in the GC patients could be identified. In contrast to GC patients, there was a positive correlation of plasma galectin-3 with age in the control group (rs = 0.51, p 0.005). No associations between the biomarkers levels in blood and clinical and morphological characteristics of GC were established, except MMP-9 being higher at Т4а invasion depth as compared to the earlier Т2 level. Marked differences in the overall survival depending on plasma galectin-3 levels were found, with the cut-off level of 12.9 ng/ml: the 5-year overall survival in the patients with low galectin-3 was better, than in those with its higher level (50 and 43%, respectively; however, the difference was non-significant, р 0.1). Both overall and relapse-free survival of the GC patients was higher in those with low ( 212 ng/ml) serum MMP-2: the 5-year overall survival in this group comprised 60% versus 23% in the patients with higher MMP-2 (p = 0.018). The difference in relapse-free survival was non-significant. Serum MMP-9 levels had no significant impact on the survival of GC patients. Conclusion: The ambiguous data on the clinical role of galectin-3, MMP-2, MMP-9 in GC obtained in this study indicate the necessity of further investigation of their possible utility for the diagnostics and prognosis of treatment results