Translaboration: Translation and Labour

Translaboration, a concept derived from blending ‘translation’ and ‘collaboration’, has the concept of labour at its core. This paper investigates the dimension of labour in online collaborative translation, relates translational labour to Arendt’s categories of work and action, and proceeds to broaden the discussion to the labour involved in translation more generally. It also considers what effect the application of these concepts has on the interests of translators and other stakeholders. Probing the labour of translation not only has a profound bearing on framings of both voluntary and professional translation practices, but can also reshape discussions of the translation concept as such. Rather than pitting ‘work’ and ‘labour’ as competing concepts, this paper shows that labour, work, and action all apply to translation and can be brought into productive dialogue in the translaborative space

A randomized, controlled, prospective trial to evaluate the haemostatic effect of Lyostypt versus Surgicel in arterial bypass anastomosis: "COBBANA" trial

<p>Abstract</p> <p>Background</p> <p>The development of suture hole bleeding at peripheral arterial bypass anastomoses using PTFE graft prostheses is a common problem in peripheral vascular surgery. Traditionally the problem is managed by compression with surgical swabs and reversal heparin or by using several haemostatic device (e.g. different forms of collagen, oxidized cellulose, gelatine sponge, ethylcyanoacrylate glue or fibrin) with various success. Preclinical data suggest that the haemostatic effect of collagen is stronger than that of oxidized cellulose, but no direct clinical comparison of their hemostatic performance has been published so far.</p> <p>Design</p> <p>This randomized, controlled, prospective trial evaluates the haemostatic effect of Lyostypt versus Surgicel in arterial bypass anastomosis. 28 patients undergoing an elective peripheral vascular reconstruction due to peripheral vascular disease will be included. Suture hole bleeding occurring at the arterial bypass anastomosis using a PTFE prostheses will be stopped by the application of Lyostypt and/or Surgicel. The proximal anastomoses will be randomized intraoperatively. The patients will be allocated into 4 different treatment groups. Group1 Lyostypt distal/Surgicel proximal; Group 2: Lyostypt proximal/Surgicel distal; Group 3: Surgicel distal and proximal; Group 4: Lyostypt distal and proximal. Primary endpoint of the study is time to haemostasis. Secondary endpoints are the number of intraoperatively used haemostatic devices, postoperative mortality within 30 days as well as the intraoperative efficacy rating of the two devices evaluated by the surgeon. As a safety secondary parameter, the local and general complication occurring till 30 ± 10 days postoperatively will also be analysed. After hospital discharge the investigator will examine the enrolled patients again at 30 days after surgery.</p> <p>Discussion</p> <p>The COBBANA trial aims to assess, whether the haemostatic effect of Lyostypt is superior to Surgicel in suture hole bleedings of arterial bypass anastomoses.</p> <p>Trial registration</p> <p>NCT00837954</p

Stanisław Barańczak: Between autonomy and support

Stanisław Barańczak (1946-2014), a leading poet of the Polish ‘New Wave’ formation, dissident intellectual, prolific translator and, from the early 1980s until his recent death, an émigré and professor at Harvard University, remains one of the most prominent translation critics and literary figures in Poland. This article attempts to revisit his first theoretical paper on literary translation entitled ‘Przekład jako “samoistny” i “związany” obiekt interpretacji’ [The Translation as a 'Self-sufficient' and 'Integrated' Object of Interpretation] ([1972] 1974) and to present his early scholarship within the Structuralist framework of literary communication. In academic criticism this particular text has generally been misinterpreted: it has usually been deemed analytically unhelpful and believed to reiterate some of the clichés of Translation Studies. This article will attempt to discard those oversimplified interpretations by establishing a bridge between Barańczak’s theoretical claims and his own translation practice. The concept of translation as a “self-sufficient” and “integrated” object of interpretation will be discussed with special reference to the way Barańczak himself later constructed and published his own literary translations, his ethical approach to autonomy and support in translation, as well as the general intellectual and literary context of that time

Numerical and experimental flow analysis of the Wang-Zwische double-lumen cannula

An experimental and numerical analysis was performed for the Wang-Zwische double-lumen cannula (DLC) (Avalon Elite). The aim of this work was to provide insight for future improvement by characterizing the fluid dynamic behavior of the novel catheter with metrics often associated with blood trauma. Pressure and flow distributions were measured on a steady-flow rig using a 50% glycerol-water mixture by imposing a 2 L/min flow rate across the drainage and infusion lumens. The fluid was modeled as Newtonian with density of 1050 kg/m3 and dynamic viscosity of 0.0035 kg/m·s. Reynolds numbers typical for transitional flow (Re = 2000-2500) were computed within the lumens because of the changing cross-sections of the cannula geometry. Numerical computations were performed using the steady three-dimensional Reynolds-averaged Navier-Stokes (RANS) equations and the low-Reynolds k-ω turbulence model. Discretization of governing equations was based on a cell-centered finite volume method. Numerical results correlated well with global performance of the cannula, allowing evaluation of the geometry toward potential blood trauma. Peak wall shear stress (WSS) in the drainage lumen was higher than that of infusion lumen, mainly due to the presence of side holes. Furthermore, recirculation regions were predicted in transition tubing to connectors of both the drainage and the infusion lumens because of adverse pressure gradients caused by the sudden enlargement of the cannula geometry. In this three-dimensional computational fluid dynamics (CFD) study, we observed higher peak WSS values for the drainage lumen, which may potentially cause blood trauma. Furthermore, recirculation regions were predicted in the proximity of the exit sections of both the infusion and drainage lumens, which may contribute to thrombosis formation. This study provides insight for future DLC modifications in minimizing cannula-induced blood trauma and thrombogenicity in long-term applications. Copyright © American Society of Artificial Internal Organs