Аналіз кількісних та якісних характеристик динаміки наукових кадрів вищої кваліфікації України

Обговорюється проблема кількісних характеристик та індикаторів якості науково-кадрового потенціалу науки, методики їх оцінки. Наведено кількісну оцінку динаміки та сучасного стану науково-кадрового потенціалу вищої кваліфікації України, оцінку динаміки та сучасного стану його якісних показників.Обсуждается проблема количественных характеристик и индикаторов качества научно-кадрового потенциала науки, методики их оценки. Приведены количественная оценка динамики и современного состояния научно -кадрового потенциала высшей квалификации Украины, оценка динамики и современного состояния его качественных показателей.The discussion concerns the problem of quantitative parameters and indicators reflecting the quality of R&D personnel, and their measurement methodology. A quantitative measure is given of the dynamics, current conditions and qualitative indicators of the Ukrainian R&D personnel of the highest qualification

Aggression Replacement Training for Violent Young Men in a Forensic Psychiatric Outpatient Clinic

Abstract The effects of Aggression Replacement Training (ART) were explored in a group of Dutch violent young men aged 16 to 21 years, who were obliged by the court to follow a treatment program in a forensic psychiatric outpatient clinic. To evaluate the training, patients completed a set of selfreport questionnaires at three moments in time: at intake/before a waiting period, after the waiting period/before the training, and after the training. During the waiting period, the patients did not change on most measures, although they displayed a significant increase in anger. The patients who completed the therapy scored significantly lower on psychopathy than the patients who dropped out. The training produced significant decreases in physical aggression and social anxiety and showed trends toward a decline in self-reported hostility, general aggression, and anger. After the training, the patients scored comparably with a reference group on measures of hostility Aggression Replacement Training (ART) is a multimodal intervention originally developed to promote prosocial behavior in children and adolescents who display aggressive and violent behavior. The training was designed by ART has been applied not only to juvenile but also to adult offenders. In the Netherlands, three studies in criminal youth have been devoted to the effect of EQUIP The Present Study The U.S. Department of Health and Human Services Various issues of ART were investigated in our group of violent male forensic psychiatric outpatients aged 16 to 21 years. To explore whether ART would result in any effect, we measured the patients at three moments in time: at intake/before a waiting period (intake measurement), after the waiting period/before the training (pre-training measurement), and after the training (post-training measurement). Criminogenic needs Method Participants The study was carried out in a nonrandom group of 123 patients of forensic psychiatric outpatient clinic "het Dok" at Rotterdam (Netherlands) with a at PENNSYLVANIA STATE UNIV on October 6, 2016 jiv.sagepub.com Downloaded from Hornsveld et al. 5 mean age of 17.35 years (SD = 1.82, range = 15-21 years). These patients were convicted by the court for a violent offense (e.g., assault, robbery with violence, or serious threats with violence) and ordered to follow a treatment program in a forensic psychiatric outpatient clinic. The decision of the court was based on the conclusion of a psychiatric or psychological evaluation (Pro Justitia report) that recidivism was probable because of a mental disorder The patients had conduct or oppositional defiant disorder as their main diagnosis on Axis I or, when they were 18 years or above, an antisocial personality disorder on Axis II of the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (4th ed.; DSM-IV; American Psychiatric Association, 1994). The classifications were based not only on the psychiatric and/or psychological evaluation (Pro Justitia report) used by the court in deciding to impose a forensic psychiatric outpatient treatment but also on the evaluation of an experienced clinical psychologist during the intake interview. Almost all patients gave the impression of being unmotivated to follow the obligatory training. They claimed to have been treated unfairly by the court, which implied that their conviction was the result of a judicial flaw. Measures In this study, we used a standard set of measures for personality traits and problem behaviors for individuals aged 16 years or above; these measures were chosen because of their relation to determinants of violent behavior, such as hostility, anger, social anxiety, and social skills. This standard set of measures comprises the following instruments. Journal of Interpersonal Violence consists of 20 items that have to be rated on a 3-point scale, with 0 = does not apply, 1 = applies to some extent, and 2 = applies. The NEO Five-Factor Inventory (NEO-FFI; The Trait Anger subscale of the Spielberger (1980) State-Trait Anger Scale (STAS; An adapted version of Rosenzweig's (1978) Picture-Frustration Study (PFS-AV; Hornsveld, Nijman, Hollin, & Kraaimaat, 2007) was used to measure hostility. This test asks participants to write down their reactions to 12 cartoon-like pictures. The subjects are instructed to examine the situations shown in the pictures (e.g., to a shopkeeper: "This is the third time that this watch has stopped.") and to write in the blank text box the first appropriate reply that enters their mind. The answers are scored by an experienced and independent research assistant (psychologist) on a 7-point scale, ranging from 1 = not hostile at all to 7 = extremely hostile. In a sample of 231 Dutch at PENNSYLVANIA STATE UNIV on October 6, 2016 jiv.sagepub.com Downloaded from Hornsveld et al. 7 violent forensic psychiatric patients (all males), the internal consistency (Cronbach's α) turned out to be .76, the inter-rater reliability .77, and the testretest reliability .67 The Aggression Questionnaire (AQ; The NAS part of the Novaco Anger Scale-Provocation Inventory (NAS-PI; Novaco, 1994; Dutch version: Hornsveld, Muris, & Kraaimaat, 2011) was used to study the self-reported responses of the participants to 48 anger-eliciting situations (e.g., "When someone yells at me, I yell back at them."). The items are scored on a 3-point Likert-type scale: 1 = never true, 2 = sometimes true, and 3 = always true. In a sample of 194 Dutch violent forensic psychiatric outpatients (all males), for the NAS total score, the internal consistency (Cronbach's α) was found to be .95 and the test-retest reliability in a subgroup of 90 outpatients was .80 The Inventory of Interpersonal Situations (IIS; Van Dam-Baggen & Kraaimaat, 1999) assesses how much anxiety people experience during social interactions (e.g., "Refusing a request to lend out money") and how often they are able to actually perform the appropriate behavior in such situations. For social anxiety, the scores range from 1 = "no tension at all" to 5 = "very tense"; the frequency scores range from 1 = "never" to 5 = "always." The internal consistency (Cronbach's α) and test-retest reliability of the IIS can be qualified as good (i.e., αs > .80 and test-retest correlations > .70; Procedure In the Netherlands, the supervision of convicted offenders has to be carried out by an after-care and resettlement organization. Such an organization usually at PENNSYLVANIA STATE UNIV on October 6, 2016 jiv.sagepub.com Downloaded from 8 Journal of Interpersonal Violence "delegates" the execution of an obligatory treatment to a forensic psychiatric outpatient clinic. It is the duty of the probation officer to motivate the patient, his girlfriend, or his parent(s) to contribute to the success of the training. Depending on the age and living conditions of the patient, the probation officer maintains relations with the school, employer, and social or welfare services. The intake interview was carried out for late adolescents, together with their youth probation officer and preferably with at least one of the parents. However, most of these adolescents lived with their mother, who, according to the probation officer, was often not able or not motivated to attend the interview. Young men aged 18 to 21 years who lived on their own were interviewed in the presence of their probation officer only. The participation of the probation officer during the intake interview was important for the provision of additional information about the current situation of the patient, in addition to the Pro Justitia report. The presence of the probation officer also considerably enlarged the chance that the patient would attend the interview. During the training, there was occasionally contact between one of the two trainers and the probation officer, especially when a patient did not show up. When a patient failed to attend for two sessions or did not show up at the start of the training, he could no longer follow the training except when there were valid reasons for his absence. The policy was that non-completers were sent to prison, but in reality this punishment was rarely imposed. Young men who were referred to the outpatient clinic for obligatory treatment because of a violent crime were interviewed within a week and put on the waiting list when indicated for ART. When the waiting list group reached six to eight patients, a new training group was formed. In practice, this meant that the first patient had to wait about 8 weeks and the last one about 2 weeks until the start of the training. To explore whether ART would have any effect, sets of questionnaires were administered, particularly for the effect study; these questionnaires were to be completed individually. Participation in the study (but not in the training) was voluntary and was rewarded with a fee of €7 for each measurement. The assessment of the PCL-R scores and the ART were done by experienced clinical psychologists who completed additional education of 6 years after their 4-year university study of psychology. The trainers had a training scenario at their disposal, whereas the patients could do their homework assignments in a workbook Aggression Replacement Training The outpatient version of the ART consists of 15 weekly sessions lasting 1½ hours each and three 5-weekly follow-up meetings for 6 to 8 patients: (a) at PENNSYLVANIA STATE UNIV on October 6, 2016 jiv.sagepub.com Downloaded from Hornsveld et al. 9 anger management, sessions 1 to 5; (b) social skills, sessions 6 to 10; (c) moral reasoning, sessions 11 to 15; and follow-up and evaluation, sessions 16 to 18. Role-playing was an essential part of the sessions. Participants had to complete homework assignments for the generalization of learned skills to new situations. Altogether, the training meant an investment of approximately 40 hr for the patient, which is often a requirement of the court for juvenile offenders. Design and Statistics The study was approved by the Dutch Review Committee for Patient-Linked Research in Arnhem, the Netherlands, and by the Scientific Research and Documentation Center of the Dutch Ministry of Security and Justice. Data sets were analyzed through the statistical program IBM SPSS Statistics 20.0. The problem behaviors of the patients at the intake (intake measurement) were compared with those at the start of the training (pretraining measurement) through a two-tailed paired samples t test (p < .05). The behaviors at the start of the training (pre-training measurement) were also compared with those after the training (post-training measurement) through a one-tailed paired samples t test (p < .05). Differences between dropouts and completers were evaluated with a two-tailed t test (p < .05). To determine the factors that predicted dropout, a stepwise binary logistic regression analysis was applied. Multiple ANCOVAs (two-tailed; p < .05) were used to compare the intake measurement and the posttreatment measurement with a reference group. Because comparable norm groups for the used measurement instruments were lacking, a group of secondary vocational students functioned as a reference group. These students were measured once only as part due to another study. Age was used as a covariate because the mean age of the reference group (M = 18.14 years, SD = 1.81) was significantly higher (t (396) = −4.03, p < .001) than the mean age of the patients (M = 17.35 years, SD = 1.76). Results Criminogenic Needs To assess the criminogenic needs of the patients, we compared the personality traits and problem behaviors of the patients with those of the reference group, consisting of 275 secondary vocational students (all men). The patients scored significantly higher than the students on trait anger (STAS), F(2, 395) = 2.52, p = .041; hostility (PFS-AV), F(2, 280) = 18.90, p < .001; and at PENNSYLVANIA STATE UNIV on October 6, 2016 jiv.sagepub.com Downloaded from 10 Journal of Interpersonal Violence aggression (AQ), F(2, 395) = 2.74, p = .033; and significantly lower on agreeableness (NEO-FFI), F(2, 395) = 2.39, p = .047, and social anxiety (IIS), F(2, 395) = 10.19, p < .001. The patients who withdrew prematurely (nonstarters plus non-completers) seemed to score significantly higher on psychopathy (PCL-R Total), t(121) = −2.57, p = .006, than did the completers, in particular on the factor antisocial behavior, t(121) = −3.36, p < .001. No differences were found on the other measures. To determine which intake measures could differentiate completers from dropouts, a stepwise binary logistic regression analysis was done with each individual measure. Only the PCL-R Total could independently differentiate completers from dropouts, B (SE) = 0.09 (0.037), odds ratio = 1.094, p = .014. More specifically, completers and dropouts were differentiated by Factor 2 of the PCL-R, B (SE) = 0.214 (0.069), odds ratio = 1.239, p = .002, and not by Factor 1 of the PCL-R, B (SE) = 0.063 (0.058), odds ratio = 1.065, p = .281

Are Child Abusers Sexually Attracted to Submissiveness? Assessment of Sex-Related Cognition With the Implicit Association Test

Child sexual abuse is associated with social anxiety, low self-esteem, and intimacy deficits. This, in combination with the core belief of a dangerous world, might suggest that child abusers are sexually attracted to submissiveness. The Implicit Association Test (IAT) was used to examine this hypothesis. Results indicated that child abusers have a stronger sexual preference for submissiveness than rapists, although there were no differences between child abusers and non-sexual offenders. Multinomial logistic regression analysis revealed that submissive–sexy associations have incremental value over child–sex associations in differentiating child abusers from other offenders. The predictive value of both implicit associations was explored by correlating IAT scores with measures for recidivism risk, aggression, and interpersonal anxiety. Child abusers with stronger child–sex associations reported higher levels of interpersonal anxiety and hostility. More research on implicit cognition in sex offenders is required for a better understanding of what these and similar implicit measures are exactly measuring and what role implicit cognition may play in sexual offending

The Sexual Violence Risk-20: factor structure and psychometric properties

Although the Sexual Violence Risk-20 (SVR-20) is widely used, its psychometric properties have only been investigated in a limited number of studies. This study explored the factor structure of the SVR-20 and examined its psychometric properties. Confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) was used to examine the fit of the original three-domain model of the SVR-20. The CFA showed that the original structure was not satisfactory. Exploratory principal components analysis (PCA) was conducted in search of a more optimal factor structure. Psychometric properties (i.e., internal consistency, predictive value, and convergent validity) of both the original domains and alternative factors were investigated. The PCA and subsequent CFAs pointed in the direction of an alternative, more optimal three-factor solution. The three alternative factors were labeled as Antisociality, Sexual deviance, and Problematic thinking and produced better internal consistency coefficients than the original domains. However, the validity of the SVR-20 was modest and no evidence was found indicating that the alternative factors were better in this regard as compared to the original domains. Despite the overall superiority of actuarial measures in predicting recidivism, the structured professional judgment of the SVR-20 proved to be more predictive of sexual, violent, and general recidivism than its actuarial scoring method

Entwicklung und Einsatz von keramischen Materialien als Waermedaemmschicht fuer Ni-Basislegierungen fuer Temperaturen groesser als 1350 C

In the context of a pre-project different spinels (MgAl_2O_4, MgCr_2O_4, NiAl_2O_4), perovskites (Gd_xLa_1_-_xAlO_3-mixed crystals, CaZrO_3, Ca_0_,_5Sr_0_,_5ZrO_3, BaZrO_3), pyrochlores (La_2Zr_2O_7, La_2Hf_2O_7) and CeO_2 as alternative materials for ZrO_2 were selected and examined as TBC for nickel based alloys. For the development of TBC's for temperatures above 1350 C the layer system consisting of TBC/Bond coat/superalloy was considered. This layer construction contained two diffusion zones: DZ1, the boundary layer between SL and BC, DZ2, the boundary layer between BC and TBC. This is represented schematically in figure 9.1. From laser flash measurements the temperature conductivities could be determined. With the dilatometric examinations the thermal expansion was ascertained. With this method, it is possible to find the phase transformations and the pertaining temperatures. The examinations with the CALPHAD method finally permitted statements about the thermochemical qualities of the individual layer components and their behavior in the presence of a metallic substratum. Summarizing from the list of the TBC-materials which were examined in this work (under consideration of the thermal expansion coefficient (#alpha#) of phase transformations and the compatibility with Al_2O_3) Gd_0_,_2_5La_0_,_7_5AlO_3 and MgAl_2O_4 are suggested as suitable materials, whilst La_2Zr_2O_7, La_2Hf_2O_7 and NiAl_2O_4 are suggested only with restrictions. (orig.)SIGLEAvailable from TIB Hannover: RR 6084(131) / FIZ - Fachinformationszzentrum Karlsruhe / TIB - Technische InformationsbibliothekDEGerman

Aggression and Social Anxiety Are Associated with Sexual Offending Against Children

The current study examined a number of risk factors that are thought to be related to sexual offending. More specifically, we investigated differences in self-reported aggression, anger, hostility, social anxiety, and social skills between child sexual abusers (n = 28), rapists (n = 36), and nonsexual violent offenders (n = 59) who were detained under hospital order. In addition, differences between inpatient (n = 28) and outpatient child sexual abusers (n = 61) on the pertinent constructs were evaluated. Consistent with our expectations, we found that child sexual abusers reported themselves as lower on the aggression-related measures and higher on social anxiety than nonsexual violent offenders. In contrast with our hypotheses, however, the results also indicated that the inpatient child sexual abusers reported lower levels of aggression, anger, hostility, and social anxiety than the outpatient child sexual abusers. The observed differences between child sexual abusers, rapists, and nonsexual violent offenders are generally consistent with theories about the etiology of sexual abuse. The differences between the inpatient and outpatient child sexual abusers were not in the expected direction, but may be due to a number of methodological limitations of this research

Aggression Replacement Training for Violent Young Men in a Forensic Psychiatric Outpatient Clinic

The effects of Aggression Replacement Training (ART) were explored in a group of Dutch violent young men aged 16 to 21 years, who were obliged by the court to follow a treatment program in a forensic psychiatric outpatient clinic. To evaluate the training, patients completed a set of self-report questionnaires at three moments in time: at intake/before a waiting period, after the waiting period/before the training, and after the training. During the waiting period, the patients did not change on most measures, although they displayed a significant increase in anger. The patients who completed the therapy scored significantly lower on psychopathy than the patients who dropped out. The training produced significant decreases in physical aggression and social anxiety and showed trends toward a decline in self-reported hostility, general aggression, and anger. After the training, the patients scored comparably with a reference group on measures of hostility and aggressive behavior. Altogether, these results provide tentative support for the efficacy of the ART for violent young men referred to forensic psychiatric outpatient settings