Utjecaj vremena zriobe na agronomska svojstva introduciranih kultivara predivog lana

The harvest time of fibre flax is influenced by climatic conditions, varieties, stages of maturity and the crop’s final use. In addition, the time of harvesting of fibre flax affects the quality of the fibres. Fibre flax can be harvested in few stages of maturity. So, this paper presents the influence of three stages of maturity (green, yellow and full ripening) on the agronomic traits (stem yield, stem yield after retting, total fibre yield, share of total fibre, long fibre yield, share of long fibre) of five fibre flax varieties. Varieties trials with fibre flax were set up in two years (2010-2011) and in two locations: at the experimental fields of the Faculty of Agriculture in Zagreb on eutric cambisol and of the College of Agriculture at Križevci on pseudogley on level terrain. The trials were carried out according to the randomized complete block design (RCBD) with four replications. According to the results of the two-years research into the agronomic traits of fibre flax, significant differences were established among the varieties and among the stages of maturity under study. The varieties Agatha, Viola and Electra recorded higher values of investigated traits. All varieties achieved higher values of investigated traits at Križevci (production on heavier soil in which some of winter moisture remained available in spring months). The highest values of investigated traits were recorded when the fibre flax were harvested in the green ripening.Na vrijeme berbe predivog lana utječu klimatski uvjeti, kultivari, vrijeme zriobe i upotrebna vrijednost lana. Također, vrijeme berbe predivog lana utječe na kvalitetu vlakana. Predivi lan može se ubrati u nekoliko zrioba. Stoga, ovaj rad prikazuje utjecaj vremena zriobe (zelena, žuta i puna) na agronomska svojstva (prinos stabljike, prinos močene stabljike, prinos ukupnog vlakna, udio ukupnog vlakna, prinos dugog vlakna i udio dugog vlakna) pet inozemnih kultivara predivog lana. Pokusi s predivim lanom izvedeni su tijekom dvije godine (2010-2011) na dvije lokacije: u Zagrebu na eutričnom smeđem antropogeniziranom tlu i u Križevcima na pseudogleju obrončanom. Pokusi su provedeni prema metodi slučajnog bloknog rasporeda u četiri ponavljanja. Na osnovi dobivenih dvogodišnjih istraživanja agronomskih svojstava predivog lana utvrđeno je da postoje signifikantne razlike između istraživanih kultivara i između različitih zrioba. Kultivari Agatha, Viola i Venica ostvarile su veće vrijednosti istraživanih svojstava. Svi kultivari ostvarili su veće vrijednosti istraživanih svojstava na lokaciji Križevci (uzgoj na težem tlu gdje je zimska vlaga ostala dostupna u proljetnim mjesecima). Najveće vrijednosti istraživanih svojstava ostvarene su kada je predivi lan ubran u zelenoj zriobi

THE EFFECT OF NITROGEN FERTILIZATION ON YIELD AND YIELD COMPONENTS ON SOME FIBER FLAX VARIETIES

U radu se iznose rezultati postignutog prinosa i sastavnica prinosa sjemena (broj biljaka po m2, broj tobolaca po biljci, broj sjemenki u tobolcu, masa 1000 sjemenki) pet inozemnih sorata predivog lana gnojenih različitim količinama dušika (0, 30, 60 i 90 kg ha-1) primijenjenih u različito vrijeme. Pokusi s predivim lanom provedeni su tijekom tri godine (2008.-2010.) u Zagrebu na eutrično smeđem antropogeniziranom tlu i u Križevcima na pseudogleju obronačnom prema metodi slučajnog bloknog rasporeda u četiri ponavljanja. Na osnovi trogodišnjih istraživanja prinosa i sastavnica prinosa sjemena predivog lana utvrđeno je da postoje signifikantne razlike između istraživanih sorata i između primijenjenih količina dušika. Sorte Viking, Venica i Electra ostvarile su veće vrijednosti istraživanih svojstava. Prema dobivenim rezultatima u gnojidbi predivog lana nije potrebno dodavati više od 30 kg ha-1 dušika.This paper presents the results of the achieved yield and yield components of fiber flax seed (number of plants per m2, number of capsules per plant, number of seed per capsules, 1000 seed weight) of five foreign varieties. The selected varieties were fertilized without and with different nitrogen rates (0, 30, 60 and 90 kg ha-1) in different time. Cultivar trials with fiber flax were set up in three years (2008-2010) and in two locations: at Zagreb on anthropogenized eutric cambisol and at Križevci on pseudogley on level terrain. The trials were carried out according to the RCBD in four replications. According to the results of the three-years research into the yield and yield components of fiber flax seed, significant differences were established among the varieties and among the added nitrogen rates under study. The varieties Viking, Venica and Electra were recorded higher values of investigated traits. The optimal nitrogen rate for fiber flax according to the obtain results will be 30 kg nitrogen ha-1

IMPACT OF SOWING TIME AND MASS OF 1000 GRAINS ON SOME PROPERTIES OF MAIZE HYBRID 492

U četverogodišnjim istraživanjima ispitivan je utjecaj vremena sjetve u četiri roka (prvi rok 20.-25. travnja, drugi rok 01.-05. svibnja, treći rok 10.-15. svibnja i četvrti rok 20.-25. svibnja) i masa tisuću sjemenki u tri varijante (do 300 grama, 300-400 grama i preko 400 grama). U prvom roku sjetve bilo je potrebno najviše dana od sjetve do nicanja, a najmanje u zadnjem roku sjetve, pa je razlika 2,00 dana. Postotak niknulih biljaka i broj biljaka u berbi bio je najniži u prvom roku sjetve, a najveći u zadnjem roku sjetve, pa je razlika iznosila 2,58%, odnosno 3327 biljaka po hektaru. Najveći prirod zrna je dobiven u prvom roku sjetve i iznosio je 8724 kg/ha, u kasnijim rokovima je bio sve manji, a najmanji u zadnjem roku sjetve i iznosio je 8344 kg/ha, pa je razlika iznosila 380 kg/ha. Kod mase sjemena do 300 grama bilo je potrebno najviše dana od sjetve do nicanja, a najmanje kod mase preko 400 grama, pa je razlika iznosila 1,56 dana. Postotak niknulih biljaka i broj biljaka u berbi bio je najmanji kod najmanje mase sjemena do 300 grama, a najveći kod najveće mase sjemena preko 400 grama, pa je razlika iznosila 3,06%, odnosno 3406 biljaka po hektaru. Najveći prirod zrna dobiven je s najvećom masom sjemena od preko 400 grama, a iznosio je 8674 kg/ha, dok je najmanji prinos zrna dobiven kod najmanje mase sjemena do 300 grama i iznosio je 8391 kg/ha, pa je dobivena razlika od 283 kg/ha.In four-year trials we investigated impact of sowing time in four of anting dates (first date 20-25 April, second date 1-5 May, third date 10-15 May and fourth date 20-25 May) and mass of thousand grains in three variants (to 300 gr, 300-400 gr and over 400 gr). In the first planting date the highest number of days was needed between sowing and sprouting, and the lowest number of days was needed in the last planting date, the difference was 2.00 days. Percentage of sprouted plants and number of plants at harvest was the lowest in the first planting date and the highest in the last planting date, difference was 2.58% and 3327 plants per ha respectively. The highest grain yield was obtained in the first planting date and it was 8724 kg/ha, in later dates it was lower and in the last planting date it was the lowest and was 8344 kg/ha, difference was 380 kg/ha. At mass of 300 gr of grains the highest number of days was needed between planting and sprouting, and the lowest number of days was needed at mass of over 400 gr, difference was 1.56 days. Percentage of sprouted plants and number of plants at harvest was the lowest at the lowest mass of grains to 300 gr, and the highest at the highest mass of over 400 gr, difference was 3.06% and 3406 plants per ha respectively. The highest grain yield was obtained with the highest mass grains over 400 gr and it was 8674 kg/ha, while the lowest yield was obtained with the lowest mass of grains to 300 gr and it was 8391 kg/ha, the difference was 283 kg/ha

INFLUENCE OF SUGARBEET SEED TREATMAN AND SOWING DISTANCE IN A ROW ON FIELD GERMINATION AND SUGARBEET

U radu se iznose rezultati istraživanja utjecaja načina dorade sjemena i razmaka sjetve u redu na poljsku klijavost i sklop šećerne repe. lstraživanja su provedena u Podravini (Kalinovac) u trajanju od dvije godine. lspitivan je način dorade sjemena (pilirano, polirano i inkrustirano) i razmak sjetve unutar reda (6, 12 i 18 cm). Varijante sijane na 6 i 12 cm nakon nicanja su prorjeđivane, kod varijanti na 6 cm ostavljena je svaka treća biljka a kod varijanti na 12 cm svaka druga biljka. Razmak između redova je iznosio 50 cm. Usporedujući različite načine dorade sjemena, (pilirano, polirano i inkrustirano) signifikantno opravdan utjecaj na poljsku klijavost i sklop nije dao prednost ni jednoj varijanti, iako se neznatno boljom pokazala poljska klijavost inkrustiranog sjemena. Povoljne vremenske prilike u vrijeme sjetve u drugoj godini pokusa dovele su do općenito viših vrijednosti poljske klijavosti, ali također ne ističući ni jedan način dorade sjemena. Uspoređujući utjecaj razmaka sjetve unutar reda ni u jednoj godini pokusa nije bilo opravdanih razlika između tri ispitivana razmaka na poljsku klijavost. No, signifikantno opravdane razlike su dobivene u broju biljaka nakon sjetve a prije vađenja , posebice u korist sjetve na 6 cm, zatim na 12 cm a najmanje vrijednosti sklopa su dobivene sjetvom na 18 cm bez prorjeđivanja.The influence of sugarbeet seed treatment and sowing distance in a row on field germination and sugarbeet stand were investigated. The trials were carried out in Podravina in a two years period. Three ways of seed treatment (polished, pelleted and incrusted seed) and three sowing distances (6, 12 and 18 cm) were investigated. After germination, a variant sown at 6 cm distance was thinned out at 18 cm and another variant sown at 12 cm was thinned out at 24 cm. Distance between the rows was 50 cm. The results showed that no variant of seed processing had significant influence on sugarbeet stand and field germination. Only insignificant higher field germination was with incrusted seed. Favourable weather conditions in the second year of trial, at the time of sowing brought to higher field germination for all seed processing variants. Also different variants of sowing distance showed no significant influence on field germination. However, significantly highest sugarbeet stand was at 6 cm of sowing distance and the lowest stand was at 18 cm of sowing distance without thinning

IMPORTANCE OF WEED AND CRITICAL PERIOD OF WEED CONTROL IN OIL PUMPKIN

Uljna buča (Cucurbita pepo L.) ima dugu tradiciju uzgoja u Hrvatskoj, a zbog isplativosti proizvodnje povedava se interes za njezinim uzgojem. Prinosi sjemenaka uljne buče variraju u velikom rasponu od 500 do 1200 kg suhog sjemena po hektaru, u čemu veliku ulogu ima i uspješnost suzbijanja korova. U radu je opisana botanička pripadnost, morfologija i biologija te tehnologija uzgoja uljne buče. Prikazani su najčešdi korovi i njihov utjecaj na prinos i komponente prinosa u usjevu uljne buče, kritično razdoblje zakorovljenosti te čimbenici koji na njega utječu.Oil pumpkin Cucurbita pepo L. has a long production tradition in Croatia, and because of the profitability there is a growing trend in production. Oil pumpkin seed yields vary in the range of 500 to 1200 kg of dry seed per ha, and the effectiveness of weed control has an important role. The paper describes botanical affiliation, morphology and biology, and oil pumpkin production technology. The most common weeds and their impact on oil pumpkin yield and yield components, the critical period of weed competition and the factors affecting it are shown

The Influence of Water Hardness on the Agronomic Traits of Foreign Fibre Flax Varieties in the Republic of Croatia

The amount and quality of fibres depend on a whole range of factors, the most important being variety, agroecological conditions, agrotechnics and the degree of fibre flax plant maturity, the purpose for which flax is grown, retting and processing. The retting of fibre flax is the most complex stage in the processing of flax into fibre. The aim of this study was to gain knowledge about the acclimatization ability of foreign varieties that can potentially be adapted to climatic in Republic Croatia. Therefore, this paper presents the results of achieved agronomic traits (dry stem yield, dry stem after retting, total fibre yield, long fibre yield, share of total fibre and share of long fibre) of five foreign varieties of fibre flax. The selected varieties were retted in very soft, medium hard and hard water. Variety trials with fibre flax were set up over three years (2012–2014) at two locations (Zagreb) on anthropogenized eutric cambisol and (Križevci) on pseudogley on level terrain. The trials were carried out according to the RCBD in four replications. According to the results of the three-year research into the agronomic traits of fibre flax, significant differences were identified among the varieties studied. The varieties Agatha, Viola and Electra recorded the highest values of studied traits. Statistically significant differences were only recorded among different water hardness for long fibre yield in 2012 and share of total fibre in 2013 in Zagreb. The highest yields and share of fibres were recorded when the fibre flax was retted in very soft water

IMPORTANCE OF WEED AND CRITICAL PERIOD OF WEED CONTROL IN OIL PUMPKIN

Uljna buča (Cucurbita pepo L.) ima dugu tradiciju uzgoja u Hrvatskoj, a zbog isplativosti proizvodnje povedava se interes za njezinim uzgojem. Prinosi sjemenaka uljne buče variraju u velikom rasponu od 500 do 1200 kg suhog sjemena po hektaru, u čemu veliku ulogu ima i uspješnost suzbijanja korova. U radu je opisana botanička pripadnost, morfologija i biologija te tehnologija uzgoja uljne buče. Prikazani su najčešdi korovi i njihov utjecaj na prinos i komponente prinosa u usjevu uljne buče, kritično razdoblje zakorovljenosti te čimbenici koji na njega utječu.Oil pumpkin Cucurbita pepo L. has a long production tradition in Croatia, and because of the profitability there is a growing trend in production. Oil pumpkin seed yields vary in the range of 500 to 1200 kg of dry seed per ha, and the effectiveness of weed control has an important role. The paper describes botanical affiliation, morphology and biology, and oil pumpkin production technology. The most common weeds and their impact on oil pumpkin yield and yield components, the critical period of weed competition and the factors affecting it are shown

EVALUATION OF ENDIVE KULTIVARS IN THE SUMMER-AUTUMN GROWING PERIOD

U klimatskim prilikama sjeverozapadne Hrvatske provedeno je dvogodišnje istraživanje s pet kultivara endivije u ljetno-jesenskom roku uzgoja. Cilj je bio odabrati najpogodnije kultivare endivije s obzirom na komponente prinosa i kvalitetu. Pokus je postavljen po metodi slučajnog bloknog rasporeda u pet ponavljanja. Istraživani su kultivari endivije eskariol tipa: Bubikopf, Gigante degli Ortolani, Maral, Samy i Stratego. Prema ostvarenom tržnom prinosu i masi tržnog dijela rozete u obje, klimatski vrlo različite godine istraživanja, isticali su se kultivari Maral (55,0 i 53,2 t/ha; 1086 i 1164 g) i Samy (52,5 i 55,4 t/ha; 1105 i 1198 g). Kultivar Stratego u obje je godine istraživanja razvio statistički opravdano najveći broj etioliranih listova u rozeti (42 i 49), kao i najveći ukupan broj listova u rozeti (100 i 115).In the climatic conditions of north-western Croatia two years investigations were carried out with five endive cultivars during the summer-autumn growing period. The aim of the investigation was to find out the most suitable cultivar concerning yield and quality components. The experiment was set up according to the randomized block scheme with five replications. The investigated broad-leaved (escarole type) endive cultivars were: Bubikopf, Gigante degli Ortolani, Maral, Samy and Stratego. On the basis of the marketable yield and the weight of the marketable part of the rosette in both, climatically very different years, cultivars Maral (55.0 and 53.2 t/ha; 1086 and 1164 g) and Samy (52.5 and 55.4 t/ha; 1105 and 1198 g) stand out. Cultivar Stratego had, in years, significantly the highest number of etiolated leaves in rosette (42 and 49) as well as the highest total number of leaves (100 and 115) in rosette

Reaction of cocksfoot (Dactylis glomerata L.) in grass-clover mixture on N fertilization and grazing

Napasivanje je najčešći način korištenja poljoprivrednih površina u brdsko-planinskim područjima zbog specifičnih agroekoloških uvjeta. Klupčasta oštrica (Dactylis glomerata L.) je trava visoke produktivnosti i kvalitete i preporučuje se sijati u tratine za napasivanje i košnju. Zahvaljujući dobroj adaptibilnosti na različite uzgojne uvjete, posebice na sušne uvjete i niske temperature, izvrsno se uklapa u agroekološke uvjete nepogodne za uzgoj većine kvalitetnih trava. Cilj istraživanja bio je utvrditi utjecaj gnojidbe sa 150 kg dušika ha-1(N150) i napasivanja (govedima i ovcama) te njihova međusobnog djelovanja na razvoj klupčaste oštrice u travno djetelinskoj smjesi zasnovanoj u brdsko-planinskim uvjetima. Gnojidbom sa 150 kg ha-1 N u odnosu na kontrolnu parcelu (N0) ostvarena je 51,4 % veća gustoća populacije klupčaste oštrice (broj izbojaka m-2) u odnosu na utvrđenu prije početka sezone napasivanja (P<0,05) i 42,2 % nakon sezone napasivanja (P<0,01). To je rezultiralo 38,6% većim prosječnim trogodišnjim prinosom suhe tvari (ST) klupčaste oštrice u odnosu na N0 (P<0,01). Osim toga, utvrđen je veći udio klupčaste oštrice u ukupnoj ST smjese 15,3 % u odnosu na N0 (P<0,01). Način napasivanja te interakcija napasivanja i razine dodanoga mineralnog dušika nisu utjecali na gustoću populacije klupčaste oštrice. Međutim, utvrđen je statistički značajan (P<0,01) utjecaj napasivanja na prinos ST klupčaste oštrice i njezin udio u ST travno-djetelinske smjese (P<0,01). Napasivanje govedima rezultiralo je 9,9 % većim prinosom ST klupčaste oštrice i 15,2 % povećanim udjelom klupčaste oštrice na pašnjaku u odnosu na napasivanje ovcama. Najveći udio klupčaste oštrice u ukupnoj ST travnjaka utvrđen je na pregonima napasivanima govedima i gnojenima sa 150 kg/ha dušika (74,1 %), a najmanji na pregonima napasivanim ovcama i bez dušične gnojidbe (55,1 %). Zaključeno je da razvoju klupčaste oštrice više odgovara napasivanje govedima u odnosu na napasivanje ovcama. Također, ako se žele postići veći prinosi klupčaste oštrice treba osigurati opskrbu dušikom.Grazing is the most common way of using a hill and mountain areas because of their specific agro-ecological conditions. Cocksfoot is a grass with high productivity and quality, and it is very good for sowing in the sward for grazing. Because of its good adaptability to different growing conditions, especially in very dry and cold areas, it is excellent in relation to some other good grasses, which can not be raised in such areas. The aim of the experiment was to determine effect of N application (0-N0 and 150 kg ha-1 year-1-N150) and rotational grazing by cattle (C) and sheep (S), and their interaction on the cocksfoot sown in a mixture of smooth-stalked meadow grass (Poa pratensis L.) and white clover (Trifolium repens L.) in hill mountain areas. In a three-year average, the application of 150 kg ha-1 N had significant impact on cocksfoot population density (number of tillers m-2), and it was 51.4 % higher than the recorded one before grazing (P<0.05) and 42.2 % higher after grazing (P<0.01) in comparison to N0. The application of 150 kg ha-1 N resulted in significantly higher cocksfoot dry matter (DM) yield for 38.6 % (P<0.01) and 15.3 % higher cocksfoot share in the total mixture in relation to N0 (P<0.01). Grazing management and grazing management interaction with N rate did not significantly affect the population density of individual years. However, in the three-year average, grazing management significantly affected cocksfoot DM (P<0.01) and its percentage in the total DM mixture (P<0.01). Cattle grazing resulted in 9.9 % higher cocksfoot DM yield and 15.2 % higher cocksfoot percentage in pasture. Interaction of grazing management and N-level had significant influence on the percentage of cocksfoot DM in grass-clover mixture. On cattle grazed areas fertilized with 150 kg ha-1 N, the percentage of cocksfoot DM was the highest (74. 07%), while the lowest percentage of cocksfoot DM was recorded on the sheep grazed areas without N (55.12%)