Pencerakinan kajian istilah dan terjemahan BERNAMA Arab ke bahasa Melayu dan Inggeris

Artikel ini membincangkan aspek kajian istilah dan terjemahan yang dilakukan pada BERNAMA Arab ke bahasa Melayu dan juga Inggeris sebagai medan pembelajaran bagi pelajar bidang pengkhususan bahasa dan kesusasteraan Arab masa kini. Objektif kajian ini adalah untuk meneliti ketepatan penggunaan istilah dari BERNAMA Arab ke bahasa Melayu dan Inggeris, di samping menterjemahkan teks BERNAMA Arab dalam semua aspek ke bahasa Melayu dan Inggeris. Artikel ini juga bertujuan untuk memaparkan padanan istilah dari BERNAMA Arab ke istilah bahasa Melayu dan Inggeris. Keseluruhan kajian ini menggunakan kaedah kualitatif dengan mengaplikasi analisis kandungan seperti rujukan bahan ilmiah utama berdasarkan buku, kamus dan jurnal, di samping bahan utama daripada internet melalui tapak web BERNAMA.com dan tapak web lain yang berkaitan dengannya. Dapatan kajian menunjukkan padanan istilah dipadankan mengikut kesesuaian makna dan secara langsung turut memaparkan istilah yang dapat membantu khalayak pembaca memahami istilah yang sering diguna pakai. Selain itu, hasil kajian menunjukkan terdapat perkataan yang mempunyai istilah yang sama dan makna yang sama, gaya bahasa yang membawa maksud yang berlainan serta kata nama khas. Hasil kajian ini diharapkan dapat memberikan impak yang positif dan menyumbang kepada pemugaran pembelajaran bahasa Arab secara maya dengan lebih efektif

Incidence of invasive meningococcal disease, Czech Republic, 1943–2015.

<p>Blue line is incidence (cases per 100 000 population) and the red line is surveillance since 1993.</p

Number of isolates of <i>N</i>. <i>meningitidis</i> from invasive meningococcal disease, Czech Republic, 1971–2015, n = 1970.

<p>Number of isolates of <i>N</i>. <i>meningitidis</i> from invasive meningococcal disease, Czech Republic, 1971–2015, n = 1970.</p

Annual distribution of major clonal complexes of <i>N</i>. <i>meningitidis</i> from invasive meningococcal disease, Czech Republic, 1971–2015, n = 1970 (cc = clonal complex, ccUA = unassigned clonal complex, nd = not defined).

<p>Annual distribution of major clonal complexes of <i>N</i>. <i>meningitidis</i> from invasive meningococcal disease, Czech Republic, 1971–2015, n = 1970 (cc = clonal complex, ccUA = unassigned clonal complex, nd = not defined).</p

Annual distribution of serogroups of <i>N</i>. <i>meningitidis</i> from invasive meningococcal disease, Czech republic, 1971–2015, n = 1970 (NG = non groupable, nd = not defined).

<p>Annual distribution of serogroups of <i>N</i>. <i>meningitidis</i> from invasive meningococcal disease, Czech republic, 1971–2015, n = 1970 (NG = non groupable, nd = not defined).</p

Clonal characterization of meningococcal isolates of <i>N</i>. <i>meningitidis</i> A, Y, and W from invasive meningococcal disease, Czech Republic, 1971–2015, n = 60 = investigated by MLST.

<p>Clonal characterization of meningococcal isolates of <i>N</i>. <i>meningitidis</i> A, Y, and W from invasive meningococcal disease, Czech Republic, 1971–2015, n = 60 = investigated by MLST.</p

Saturation Mutagenesis by Efficient Free-Energy Calculation

Single-point mutations in proteins can greatly influence protein stability, binding affinity, protein function or its expression per se. Here, we present accurate and efficient predictions of the free energy of mutation of amino acids. We divided the complete mutational free energy into an uncharging step, which we approximate by a third-power fitting (TPF) approach, and an annihilation step, which we approximate using the one-step perturbation (OSP) method. As a diverse set of test systems, we computed the solvation free energy of all amino acid side chain analogues and obtained an excellent agreement with thermodynamic integration (TI) data. Moreover, we calculated mutational free energies in model tripeptides and established an efficient protocol involving a single reference state. Again, the approximate methods agreed excellently with the TI references, with a root-mean-square error of only 3.6 kJ/mol over 17 mutations. Our combined TPF+OSP approach does show not only a very good agreement but also a 2-fold higher efficiency than full blown TI calculations

Detection of transgene expression at mRNA level in transiently transformed nettles.

<p>The transgenes used, <i>CUP</i> (left) and <i>bphC</i> (right), originate from microorganisms, where they play an important role in remediation and tolerance to pollutants.</p

Amount of acid-extractable metals in nettles cultivated for four months in contaminated soil.

<p>Amount of acid-extractable metals in nettles cultivated for four months in contaminated soil.</p

The results of soil analysis in terms of heavy metals before and after four-month nettle cultivation.

<p>The results of soil analysis in terms of heavy metals before and after four-month nettle cultivation.</p