Genome engineering of stem cells for autonomously regulated, closed-loop delivery of biologic drugs

Chronic inflammatory diseases such as arthritis are characterized by dysregulated responses to pro-inflammatory cytokines such as interleukin-1 (IL-1) and tumor necrosis factor α (TNF-α). Pharmacologic anti-cytokine therapies are often effective at diminishing this inflammatory response but have significant side effects and are used at high, constant doses that do not reflect the dynamic nature of disease activity. Using the CRISPR/Cas9 genome-engineering system, we created stem cells that antagonize IL-1- or TNF-α-mediated inflammation in an autoregulated, feedback-controlled manner. Our results show that genome engineering can be used successfully to rewire endogenous cell circuits to allow for prescribed input/output relationships between inflammatory mediators and their antagonists, providing a foundation for cell-based drug delivery or cell-based vaccines via a rapidly responsive, autoregulated system. The customization of intrinsic cellular signaling pathways in stem cells, as demonstrated here, opens innovative possibilities for safer and more effective therapeutic approaches for a wide variety of diseases

New and novel business paradigms in and from China and India

Design/ Methodology: Based on content analysis, we discuss contemporary topics such as innovation, exports, FDI, technology, social capital, board independence as part of corporate governance, and explore novel themes such as consumer behaviour in regards to luxury brands and women entrepreneurship in an emerging country context in this article. This article critically identifies and discusses new and novel business paradigms in China and India. In addition, we examine the new business environment in those countries (2020 onwards) in the context of COVID 19 and explore the challenges and opportunities in the post COVID period. It was found that there are several novel paradigms in the context of China and India. A paradigm shift in diplomatic relations have taken place as an aftermath of COVID-19 in the world. This article explores most of the unique dimensions of new and novel paradigms in the context of China and India